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AbstractPancreatic cancer is a highly lethal and malignant tumor with high occurrence worldwide. Natural products such as essential oils with a lack of side effects may benefit pancreatic cancer supplementary therapy. Essential oil of BS was prepared by distillation of the gum resin and also has been shown to have anti-cancer and antioxidant activities. The present study aimed to determine the anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in PANC-1 cells. Chemical Functional Moieties of Boswellia sacraessential oil were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The essential oil was simultaneously analyzed by GC/MS and GC-FID. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Anti-cancer activity of BS essential oil was investigated by immunocytochemistry using antibodies against STAT-3, IHH, β-catenin, CD133, and Ki-67. The antioxidant activity of BS essential oil was tested by DPPH method. 41 compounds were identified in the essential oil. The IC50value of BS essential oil was found as 130 μg/mL in PANC-1 cells. Ki-67 immunoreactivity significantly decreased in BS essential oil-treated PANC-1 cells. STAT-3 and β-catenin immunoreactivities significantly increased in BS essential oil-treated PANC-1 cells. Also, BS essential oil showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We conclude that BS essential oil may suppress proliferation via the β-catenin activation pathway in PANC-1 cells.

ABSTRACTThe genera Nigellaand Garidellaare two members of the Nigelleae tribe. Among all the taxa of the tribe, black cumin (Nigella sativaL.) is one of the most important plants concerning economic and medicinal uses. In this study, volatiles were analyzed in detail to elucidate the phytochemical profiles and to understand the taxonomic patterns of secondary metabolites for 19 taxa of Nigellaand Garidellacollected from Turkey and the neighboring countries. Volatiles were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using different polarity columns. Seventeen Nigellaand two Garidellataxa were investigated, with 130 volatile oil components characterized. Structural similarities of the compounds were clustered by a machine learning algorithm using the molecular fingerprinting method. Our results depict that the phytochemicals produced by Nigelleae can be classified independently of their chemical families and significantly contribute to genera delimitation by their structural distances.

AbstractTwo different isolation techniques, conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and micro-steam distillation-solid-phase microextraction (MSD-SPME), have been used to analyze the volatile constituents from the leaves and rhizomes of Acorus calamusL. by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In all the samples studied, phenylpropanoids (16.9-35.3 %) predominated by β-asarone (15.3-16.3 % in rhizomes, 23.4-31.7 % in leaves) were the main constituent. In addition to phenylpropanoids, the acorane type sesquiterpene acorenone B (7.4-16.4 %) and elemene-type sesquiterpenes, epi-isoshyobunone (3.3-7.3 %) and shyobunone (1.5-4.6 %) were detected among the major volatile constituents in the rhizomes. The monoterpenes were represented by camphor (7.5-13.9 %) and camphene (6.1-7.7 %). In the leaf, myrcene (0.3-7.1 %), limonene (1.0-5.6 %), (Z)-β-ocimene (2.9-6.1 %) were among the major constituents. Qualitative difference of the volatiles composition in the rhizomes and leaves are discussed as well as of the volatiles obtained by HD and MSD-SPME techniques are discussed. Biological activity tests resulted in moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase effect and significant cupric reducing antioxidant potential of the leaf oil, while the rhizome oil demonstrated relatively lower effects.

Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal. of the Lamiaceae family growing in central, east and southeast Anatolia is an endemic species for Turkey. The essential oil obtained from the aerial parts by hydro distillation was subsequently analyzed by GC/MS. The main components of the oil were found as ß-caryophyllene (24.2%), germacrene D (22.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.2%), among 49 identified compounds, representing 94.5% of the total essential oil. The overall biological activity of the essential oil (100 µg/pellet) was tested on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the fertilized hen’s egg in order to examine the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity. None of the tests showed pronounced activity, toxicity or irritation at the tested concentration.

Satureja wiedemanniana (Lallem.) Velen (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species of Turkey. Aerial parts of the plant collected from eleven different localities in Turkey were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were analysed by a GC/MS system. Carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene and ?-terpinene were found as the main constituents. Antibacterial evaluation of the oils was also carried out.