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In this study, plant samples of eight different ecotypes of three distinct species of the genus Hordeum were collected at the anthesis stage of the plants in the 2023 spring in Southeastern Anatolia's natural grassland and pasture ecology. The quality analyses of the herbage samples of Hordeum bulbosum, H. murinum, and H. spontaneum ecotypes collected from five different locations (KaracadagI, Batman-1, Diyarbakır-6, Diyarbakır-8, and Diyarbakır-13) were determined by NIRS analyzer. Crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM), acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), acid detergent insoluble protein (ADP), Ca, K, Mg, P, Ca/P, K/(Ca+Mg), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI) and relative feed values (RFV) were determined. The values were determined between 8.2-23.4% for CP; 92.1-93.4% for DM; 19.3- 36.2% for ADF; 26.2-71.9% for NDF; 0.16-0.71% for ADP; 60.7-73.9% for DDM; 1.67-4.58% for DMI; 78.6-262.8 for RFV; 0.30-0.42% for P; 1.72-2.84% for K; 0.12-1.62% for Ca; 0.17-0.30% for Mg; 0.33-3.84 for Ca/P; 2.76-4.77 for K/(Ca+Mg). In conclusion, the CP, ADF, NDF, DMI, RFV, and Ca/P values were found very variable in collected ecotypes and can be used for forage barley breeding purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the herbage quality and mineral composition of pastures is crucial for understanding the nutritional dynamics of grazing ecosystems. This study analyzed the quality of herbage and mineral content in four unique natural pasture regions of the Sivrice District (Hazar Lake) in Elazig Province between 2022 and 2023. The average values determined in dry herbage over two years are as follows: crude protein content in leguminous plants was (CP) 21.21%, acid detergent fibre (ADF) 18.21%, and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 33.89% of the sample consists of digestible dry matter (DDM) with a content of 74.71% and a dry matter intake (DMI) of 3.58%. The relative feed value (RFV) is 207.79%, while the potassium (K) content is 2.71%, magnesium (Mg) is 0.32%, calcium (Ca) is 2.66%, and phosphorus (P) is 0.42%. In grasses, the crude protein (CP) content is 13.75%, acid detergent fibre (ADF) is 27.49%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) is 51.30%, with DDM of 67.49%, DMI of 2.37%, RFV of 124.32%, and K, Mg, Ca, and P contents of 2.54%, 0.20%, 0.54%, and 0.40%, respectively. In other plant families, the CP content is 18.30%, ADF is 25.22%, NDF is 35.21%, with DDM of 69.26%, DMI of 3.47%, RFV of 187.10%, and K, Mg, Ca, and P contents of 2.66%, 0.32%, 1.46%, and 0.32%, respectively. The two-year study indicated that all the pastures studied were in generally good condition in terms of herbage quality, but Pasture-4 (Surek village) had higher values than the other pastures in terms of HP, ADF, NDF, DDM, DMI, RFV, Ca and Mg, especially in legumes and plants belonging to other families; and Pasture-3 (Guney village) had higher values than the other pastures in terms of the same characteristics in grasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different row spacings (RS) and seeding rates (SR) on the forage yield and related traits of forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L.). The field experiments of the research were established according to the Split Plots in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications under the rainfed conditions of Bismil, district of Diyarbakır province, Turkey, during two consecutive growing seasons (2019-20 and 2020-21). In the experiments, four row spacings, placed in the main plots, and four seeding rates, placed in the sub-plots, were tested, thus sixteen combination treatments were studied. Due to the great climatic variation between the growing seasons, statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) differences were detected between the growing seasons in terms of all the investigated traits. And the means of the results determined in rainy growing season (2019-20) were found to be higher than those obtained in the dry growing season (2020-21) in terms of all of the investigated traits. Additionally, the means of the investigated traits changed among the row spacing and seeding rate treatments as follows; days to 50% flowering 137.3–144.0 days, natural plant height 53.33–81.00 cm, main stem height 74.50–148.80 cm, main stem numbers per plant 1.12–2.16 stems plant-1, main stem thickness 3.42–5.56 mm, fresh forage yield 10.15– 45.57 t ha-1 and dry forage yield 2.65–9.87 t ha-1. By considering all the means of the investigated traits in the two growing seasons, the biplot analysis results revealed that the investigated traits were divided into three groups, and fresh forage and dry forage yield traits took part in the same group. In terms of the two forage yield traits, 20 cm row spacing and 100 seeds m-2 treatment was found as the best combination treatment. Hence, when forage yield of forage pea is targeted, that treatment should be preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different cutting times on the forage quality traits of twenty-four alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes. For this reason, a field trial was established according to separated plots in randomized blocks design with three replications in ecological conditions of Diyarbakir province, Turkey, in 2020. The three plant maturity stages were determined as cutting times. These stages were respectively the pre-flowering, 10% flowering and full flowering periods of alfalfa genotypes. Results of the study revealed that statically highly significant (P<0.01) differences were determined among the cutting times for all of the investigated traits. And the investigated traits had ranges as follow among the cutting times and the alfalfa genotypes; dry matter content (DM) 22.33-31.36%, crude protein content (CP) 14.6725.87%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) content 25.7744.10%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 35.40-51.27%, digestible dry matter (DDM) content 54.55-68.85%, dry matter intake (DMI) 2.34-3.40%, metabolizable energy (ME) 8.09-10.84 MJ/kg DM and relative feed value (RFV) 98.98-181.26. Additionally, it was determined that digestibility and consumption status of alfalfa forages decreased with delaying of cutting times. Biplot analysis revealed that when all of the forage quality traits and forage dry matter content were evaluated together, 2nd cutting time, 10% flowering period, was determined as the most appropriate forage harvesting time for alfalfa genotypes. It also showed that there were highly significant (P<0.01) and positive relations among CP, DDM, DMI, ME and RFV traits, and Iside (16), Emiliana (9), Elci (8) and Bilensoy (3) alfalfa cultivars came to fore in terms of the five important forage quality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to determine forage yield and forage quality traits of some sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) genotypes in ecological conditions of Southeastern Anatolian Region, Turkey. Fort this reason, a fixed field trial was carried out during three consecutive years (2009, 2010, 2011) in the research area of GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center (GAP IARTC) Diyarbakir, Turkey. The combined variance analysis over the three years showed that there has been highly significant (P < 0.01) differences among the years and the genotypes in terms all of the investigated traits. However, the genotype x year interaction was found statistically significant (P < 0.01) only for fresh forage and dry matter yield traits. Additionally, the three-year averages, the investigated traits were ranged in the following intervals among the genotypes; Fresh forage yield (FFY): 18.09- 37.70 tha-1, Dry matter yield (DMY): 4.74-9.63 tha-1, Acid detergent fiber (ADF): 29.49%-32.70%, Digestible dry matter (DDM): 63.43%-65.93%, Neutral detergent fiber (NDF): 39.47%-43.21 %, Dry matter intake (DMI): 2.81 %-3.06% of animal live weight, Crude protein content (CPC): 14.02%- 15.74% and Relative feed value (RFV) 139.9-156.7. The results of biplot analysis proved that Lutfibey and Ozerbey-03 sainfoin cultivars were found more superior than the other sainfoin genotypes in terms of important forage yield and forage quality traits in the Southeast Anatolia Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to determine quality traits of some concentrate feedstuffs. For this purpose, commonly used eight concentrate feedstuffs samples were subjected to laboratory analyzes with three replications. According to the analysis results the means of investigated traits were ranged as follow; dry matter contents (DM) 87.29-92.13%, crude ash contents (CAC) 1.57-7.21%, organic matter contents (OM) 81.35-89.01 %, crude protein contents (CP) 7.07-45.94%, crude oil contents (CO) 0.89-9.07%, crude cellulose contents (CS) 3.40- 39.50%, metabolic energy values (ME) 3112.1- 3265.3 kcal/kg, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) 28.50- 72.95%, calcium contents (CA) 0.20-1.48%, magnesium contents (MG) 0.02-0.37%, phosphor contents (P) 0.27-0.50%, potassium contents (K) 0.36- 2.60%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents 9.12 - 44.03%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents 11.12-62.88%, digestible dry matter (DDM) contents 54.60-80.24%, dry matter intake (DMI) 1.91- 13.16% and relative feed value (RFV) values 80.77-809.68. Additionally, biplot analysis revealed that there were positive relationship among ADF, NDF, CS, CO and DM traits. Accordingly; safflower meal (1) and cottonseed meal (2) went ahead for these traits. Similarly, positive relationship was determined among ME, RFV, DDM, DMI, NFE and K traits. Exclusively, the ground com grain (3) was found superior for the important traits, so it was found as having best quality feedstuff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine applied rangeland improvement and management studies carried out from 2004 to 2011 in six provinces of the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The aims of the studies were to (1) protect and conserve rangeland soil and water resources, (2) improve and strengthen weakened rangeland vegetation, and (3) increase hay yields and grazing capacities of the rangelands. Additionally, one of the most important goals of these studies was to enhance the cultivation of forage crops in cultivated areas in order to decrease the adverse effects of overgrazing and to supply quality roughage for livestock. To achieve these objectives, different rangeland improvement methods and rangeland management strategies were applied in 40 different rangelands in the region. The results indicated that the average sufficient rangeland area per animal unit was 1.99 ha, whereas the value recorded prior to these studies was 4.80 ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out to determine quality properties of some pasture plant species. In this research, 10 different pasture plant species were used as materials which were collected from Diyarbakir pasture areas of Turkey. At the end of research, quality properties of pasture plants were ranged from lowest to highest for average dry matter 11.5-30.9%, average crude protein 12.6-26.6%, crude ash 5.5-21.2%, acid detergent fiber 22.0-43.0%, neutral detergent fiber 20.5-56.1%, digestible dry matter 55.4-71.8%, dry matter intake 2.1-5.9% and relative feed value 90.2-327.0. Among the pasture plants studied, higher crude protein level than averages of species following plants may have importance, respectively: Centaurea iberica, Sinapsis arvensis, Convolvulus arvensis, Rumex conglomeratus, Crambe orientalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Polygonum aviculare, Anchusa strigosa and Malva neglecta. For relative feed value has been remarked: Sinapsis arvensis, Rumex conglomeratus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Crambe orientalis, Centaurea iberica and Hypecoum imberbe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caperseed has poor germination because of the seed coat dormancy Germination of caperseeds are complex traits affected by a wide range of intemal and environmental influences. The effects of temperature preconditioning and period on germination of Capparis ovata were examined. Experiments were conducted in order to investigate germination behaviour of caperseeds subjected to different temperature and duration. The experiment revealed that the different temperature treatments were effective on mean germination percentage. The highest mean germination were obtained at 0 degree C 29.52% and 10 degrees C with 27.17% and the lowest mean germination were obtained at control seeds with 8.39%. Dry heat treatments effected germination rate, but it was not enough for removing germination obstacle of caper seed completely.