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Wrong land use is one of the major causes of climate change. Agricultural land is one of the areas where the wrong land use decisions are made most. In this study, an ecology-based method has been developed to determine and mapping suitable agricultural land use. The study was conducted in Duzce city. In the study, GIS-based multi-criterion decision making method was used to determine suitable agriculture lands. In this process, first of all, criteria for determining the agriculturally suitable areas were determined and scored; these scores processed into the database of the relevant maps; finally, the maps were subjected to overlay analysis and a suitable agricultural area map was obtained. In this study, 11 criteria were evaluated in terms of agricultural suitability. Results show that 28% of the area have very high agricultural suitability, 6% is high, 18% is medium, 45% is low, and 3% has very low suitability. In addition, when suitable agricultural land map is evaluated, it is seen that urbanisation is spreading in areas suitable for agriculture. In addition, agricultural areas spread to areas with low agricultural value. This contributes to climate change. The way to reduce this contribution is to carry out agricultural activities in appropriate areas. WOS:000588763500020 2-s2.0-85096701945

Pesticides arein common use as biocides or plant protection products in almost all areaswhere people live and work. They are designed by their action to kill pests, toprotect products from damage or to raise crops for food and feed. They have bytheir nature a toxic property and are regulated by a well designed legalregulation that fills the purpose to counterbalance the desired toxic action onpests with the level of protection of human health and environment from toxicdamage by pesticides. The process of approval of active compounds and offormulated products applies technical rules to address hazardous end points andto set the conditions of tolerable use.The concept isonly as strong as the data on real use of plant protection products arecollected in a mode that enables control in a reasonable regional dimension.These data are widely missed. It is unclear whether the allowed conditions ofuse are obeyed in reality and whether the high frequency of use of products incombination or in series (cocktail effect) still meet the goal to preventdamage. Biodiversity is already strongly impaired and thus ecosystem servicesare being lost. Toxicological experties is needed to transform hazard based concepts toa risk based modus that focus on sensitive endpoints and takes into accountlong term effects that are now visible after decades of pesticide use

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Phthalates are diester derivatives of phthalic acid widely used in many commercial applications. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate possible genotoxicity of di-n-hexyl phthalate (DHP) and dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) at different concentrations using single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assays in testes samples of male rat pups. DCHP and DHP in corn oil were administered to the pregnant rats by gavage at the doses of 0 (vehicle), 20, 100, and 500 mg kg(-1) day(-1) from gestational day 6 (GD6) to GD19. After delivery, male rats were allowed to grow until prepubertal, pubertal, and adulthood. At necropsy, the blood samples were collected from heart and were excised immediately. The apoptotic cells of prepubertal, pubertal, and adult testis were detected using TUNEL assay. The comet assay was performed on blood lymphocytes and testes samples of adult male rats. The comet assay results showed that tail length, tail intensity, olive tail moment (OTM), and percentage of DNA present in tail were higher when DHP content was increased. Judging from the values of OTM and percentage of DNA, DHP could significantly induce DNA breakage at doses of 100 and 500 mg kg(-1) day(-1) compared with the control group. An increase in TUNEL-positive cells of prepubertal, pubertal, and adult testicular cells was observed in the treated groups. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to DHP and DCHP may possess genotoxic risk to testicular cells of rats at all stages of development, even at adulthood.

Kaya A, Undeger U, Aydin S, Omurlu H, Basaran N. Genotoxicity evaluation of dentine bonding agents by comet assay. International Endodontic Journal, 44, 807-816, 2011.

WOS: 000082670700008, PubMed ID: 10517249, Meiotic segregation of normal and derivative chromosomes was analysed in sperm samples from two balanced reciprocal translocation carrier men by use of dual-colour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) technique. The translocations were t(4;8)(p15;p12) and t(15;22)(q(23;q13.2), and the digoxigenin-labelled FISH probes were specific to either the translocated or centric segments of the chromosomes involved in the translocations. A total of 1000 spermatozoa for each probe were analysed and the modes of segregation were described on the basis of signals in each sperm cell. The mean frequency of alternate and/or adjacent-1 (adj-1) segregation types was 69.47%, whereas they were 30.51 and 78.70% for the adjacent-2 (adj-2) and alternate/adj-2 segregation types, respectively. This study illustrated that FISH is a valuable technique for analysing the meiotic segregation products of the heterozygotes in respect to aneuploidy risk.

The partitioning of native cytochrome bs and a mutant form, where Trp-108 and Trp-112 were both replaced by Leu, into small unilamellar lipid vesicles was examined. The vesicles were made from phosphatidylcholines containing mono- and di-unsaturated acyl chains. As these amphipathic proteins self-associate in aqueous solution, the binding was not monitored by a simple lipid titration experiment but by an exchange assay using fluorescence quenching by brominated lipids. Each protein had a greater affinity for lipids containing mono-unsaturated chains than for vesicles containing di-unsaturated chains, and the affinities of both proteins increased in buffers of higher ionic strength. The native protein had a higher affinity than the mutant protein for all vesicles; the ratio of the affinities was relatively constant at approximately 30, This corresponds to a difference in the free energy of partitioning of 2 kcal mol(-1) The fluorescence quantum yields of both proteins were much lower in lipids with di-unsaturated chains whereas a similar lowering was not seen with a simple Trp compound. These data suggest that the decreased membrane hydrophobicity seen by the proteins in di-unsaturated membranes is not an inherent property of the bilayer but is induced by the insertion of the protein. Further, the similar behavior of the two proteins suggests this modulation is not sensitive to the amino acid side chains of the inserted domain.

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