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Background and Aim: Lichen planus (LP) is an immunological disease of skin and mucous membranes. Cutaneous and oral LP (CLP and OLP) have almost similar histopathological changes determined microscopically with symptoms such as basal cell layer degeneration, hyperkeratosis, band-like infiltration of lymphocytes, and saw tooth ridges. The present study aimed to determine the frequency and compare the histopathological features of OLP and CLP samples. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical, and cross-sectional research performed on 91 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (41 OLP lesions and 50 CLP lesions). The frequency of histopathological features was determined by an optical microscope, and data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and Chi-square. Results: In this study, the frequency of LPs was higher in female subjects, compared to male participants. The frequency of histopathological features of hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, spongiosis, and epithelial hypertrophy was significantly higher in CLP samples, compared to OLP lesions (P

Noninvasive epithelial tissue treatment with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising option for local treatment of chronic inflammatory and precancerous lesions as well as various mucosal cancer diseases. Atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ) are well-characterized and medically approved plasma sources. There are numbers of medically approved plasma sources for the treatment of epithelial diseases; however, little is known about the biochemical effects of CAP at the plasma-tissue interface. Furthermore, the actual penetration depth of CAP into tissue is currently unclear. Noninvasive and marker-independent Raman microspectroscopy was employed to assess the molecular effects of CAP on single cells and primary human cervical tissue samples. CAP treatment showed immediate and persisting changes of specific molecular tissue components determined by multivariate analysis. Raman imaging identified CAP-dependent changes in the morphology of the tissue, as well as molecular tissue components. The expression of the different components was not significantly altered within 24 h of incubation. DNA and lipids showed the strongest changes upon CAP treatment, which were traced to the basal cell layer of cervical epithelium, corresponding to an average functional plasma penetration depth of roughly 270 μm. In this study, Raman microspectroscopy is shown to be a promising method for molecular single-cell and solid tissue characterization. Regarding CAP treatment of tissues, Raman microspectroscopy could be suitable for the screening of biological mechanisms as well as for future contact- and marker-independent monitoring of plasma tissue effects.

Papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer (PENS) is a keratinocytic nevus that can occur sporadically or has a familial transmission. There are 5 families reported with PENS, in which there are 2 family members affected with each case. We present the sixth familial case, with the peculiarity of being the first time in which there are 3 family members with PENS, while reviewing the other cases described until now. In addition, we present a new histopathological finding, an inflammatory lichenoid infiltrate on the upper dermis in PENS lesions. This finding could be the result of trauma to the biopsied lesion, or it may represent a new inflammatory histological variant.

Papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer is a newly described keratinocytic nevus. Recently, papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer has been reported in association with extracutaneous involvement, and the term papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer syndrome is used to indicate a neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by the presence of papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer and different neurologic symptoms that seem to improve during infancy and adolescence. Multiple pilomatricomas have been reported in association with various syndromes. We report herein papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer associated with multiple pilomatricomas in two members of a family with the aim of drawing attention to this peculiar epidermal nevus to improve our knowledge of the syndrome.

Background: Radiation dermatitis (RD) is a commonly encountered adverse effect of definitive radiation therapy. The severity of RD is influenced by multiple patient and treatment-related factors. Radiation depletes the basal cell layer of skin and initiates a complex sequence of events leading to dose-dependent acute or late sequelae. The management of RD requires a multidisciplinary approach. Objectives: The aim is to highlight the pattern and the profile of patients with acute RD attending dermatology outpatient department. Materials and Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study of 47 consecutive adult patients with acute RD attending skin outpatient department over a period of 12 months. Results: A total of 47 patients of RD attended the skin clinic, of which were 16 males and 31 were female. The RD was reported within the first 2 weeks of initiation of therapy in most of the patients. Grade 1 RD was the least common presentation. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of grading the RD, for the appropriate management of the patients suffering from the same and is also a step toward the prevention of the RD.

A 6‐day‐old Belgian Blue‐Holstein calf was referred because of a syndrome resembling epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). The clinical phenotype included irregular and differently sized erosions and ulcerations spread over the body, in particular on the limbs and over bone prominences, as well as in the nasal planum and oral mucosa. Blisters were easily induced by rubbing the skin. The skin lesions displayed a clear dermal‐epidermal separation at the level of the basal cell layer. Post mortem examination revealed erosions in the pharynx, proximal esophagus, and rumen. Whole‐genome sequencing revealed a heterozygous disruptive in‐frame deletion variant in KRT5 (c.534_536delCAA). Genotyping of both parents confirmed the variant as de novo mutation. Clinicopathological and genetic findings were consistent with the diagnosis of KRT5‐related EBS providing the second example of a spontaneous mutation causing epidermolysis bullosa in cattle.

A 2016 study led by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms10798), proved that the prostate basal cell layer contains adult stem cells which possess a unique gene expression profile resembling the deadliest form of prostate cancer. This exciting discovery opens a new line of promising treatment to combat this scourge.

Papular epidermal nevus with “skyline” basal cell layer (PENS) is a very rare type of keratinocytic nevus and is associated with extracutaneous findings such as neurological symptoms in about 50% of the cases. Therefore, it is also referred to as PENS syndrome. Clinically visible hyperkeratotic papules and plaques already appear at birth or shortly thereafter, while neurological symptoms such as epilepsy and mental retardation manifest themselves during childhood. Genetics suggests gonadal mosaicism as a possible cause for the disease. Another hypothesis is that genetic mutation can occur in a mendelian trait or through a paradominant inheritance.

Papular epidermal nevus with skyline basal cell layer (PENS) is a newly described keratinocytic nevus whose dermoscopic characteristics have not been clarified. We used a dermatoscope to investigate the multiple PENSs of a patient with PENS syndrome. All the lesions shared a common dermoscopic homogeneous white pattern surrounded by peripheral, slightly dotted hyperpigmentation. The smallest lesions had no other features, whereas the largest lesions had some scaling, directly proportional to their dimension, and a central, clear, pink discoloration.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced neoplasms have long been considered to originate from viral infection of the basal cell layer of the squamous mucosa. However, this paradigm has been recently undermined by accumulating data supporting the critical role of a discrete population of squamo-columnar (SC) junction cells in the pathogenesis of cervical (pre)cancers. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on junctional cells, discusses their high vulnerability to HPV infection, and stresses the potential clinical/translational value of the novel dualistic model of HPV-related carcinogenesis.

A 42 year old married male presented with a violaceous atrophic plaque on the lower lip with bleeding on manipulation for the last 8 years. Biopsy findings showed atrophic epidermis with effaced rete ridges and focal basal cell layer degeneration with lymphocytic band in the dermis, with parakeratotic horny pearls at places. Stratum corneum showed metaplastic changes. On the basis of histopathology, a diagnosis of lichen planus (LP) with well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was made. We are reporting this case as it is rare presentation with mucosal LP of lower lip evolving into SCC.

Papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer is a variant of keratinocytic nevus that usually occurs sporadically but may affect different family members. We report on the fourth family with papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer affecting a 3-month-old girl and her father.