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The Nigua River basin in the Dominican Republic is a critical hydrographic area facing significant environmental challenges, including deforestation, soil erosion and pollution from mining and agricultural activities. This study explores the role of risk perception among local residents in shaping policies for the basin's sustainable management. The research aims to identify the factors influencing risk perception and propose actionable strategies to improve environmental governance in the region. A "perceived risk profile" methodology was applied, using survey data from 1223 basin residents. The analysis identified key variables that influence risk perception, including demographic factors such as education, gender, and place of residence. The findings reveal that risk underestimation correlates with low awareness of risks, uncertainty about the origins of disasters, fatalism toward natural events, and low trust in institutions. In contrast, risk over-estimation is linked to infrequent risk communication, heightened catastrophism and a strong emphasis on the benefits of environmental protection. The study also highlights significant regional differences in risk perception, with residents of the lower basin exhibiting higher perceptions of risk due to cumulative pollution and frequent disaster impacts. Based on these insights, the study recommends targeted strategies to bridge risk perception gaps, including tailored risk communication, community-based environmental education and stronger institutional trust-building initiatives, all aimed at fostering more effective and inclusive environmental governance in the Nigua basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high levels of nitrate (NO3−) in the surface water have contributed to eutrophication and other eco-environmental damages worldwide. Although the excessive NO3− concentrations in rivers were often attributed to anthropogenic activities, some undisturbed or slightly disturbed rivers also had high NO3− levels. This study utilized multi-pronged approaches (i.e., river natural abundance isotopes, 15N-labeling techniques, and qPCR) to provide a comprehensive explanation of the reason for the high NO3− levels in a river draining forest-dominated terrene. The river natural abundance isotopes (δ15N/δ18O-NO3−) indicated that the soil source (i.e., soil organic nitrogen-SON and chemical fertilizer-CF) were the primary contributors to the NO3−, and the NO3− removal was probably prevalent in the basin scale. The 15N-labeling techniques quantitatively showed that denitrification and anammox were stronger than nitrification in the soils and sediments. Structural equation models suggested that nitrification in the soils was regulated by NH4+-N contents, which, in turn, were closely related to fertilization in spring. Denitrification and anammox were largely controlled by elevation and functional gene abundances (i.e., nirK and hzsB, respectively). The hydrological isotopes (i.e., δD/δ18O-H2O) indicated that the transport of NO3− from soil to the river was related to the intensity of runoff leaching to the soil, In contrast, the riverine NH4+ was largely from point sources; thus, increasing runoff led to a dilution effect. This study clearly showed that soil biogeochemistry and hydrological condition of a river basin jointly shaped the high NO3− levels in the almost undisturbed river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of World Nuclear Geoscience is the property of World Nuclear Geoscience Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In watersheds, which function as social–ecological systems (SESs), hydrological ecosystem services (HESs) are crucial flows connecting natural and social components. The internal and external drivers that shape HESs and watershed SES trajectories create complexities in watershed management. In this study, the adaptive cycle framework was adopted, and a qualitative method is proposed to analyze the impacts of drivers on the HES and the watershed SES trajectory. Empirical evidence from the Copalita-Huatulco watershed in Mexico was used to study the relationships between drivers and HESs. The results reveal changes in regional hydrodynamics due to natural shocks, cumulative social stressors, and SES-related human trajectories. The SES trajectory was in a growth phase when stressors dominated, a collapse when shocks occurred, and a conservation phase when human agency was strong. Understanding the impact of drivers on HESs and their integration into SES trajectories is a key element of HES resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Land use change has played a crucial role in altering the hydrological behavior, making detailed assessments essential to ensure sustainable water resource management and the conservation of natural ecosystems. This study focuses on simulating the impact of different Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) scenarios for the years 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015 on the water balance in the Puyango-Tumbes River basin, which spans across Ecuador and Peru, during the period 1981-2015. The results indicated an 18.3% increase in the grassland areas and a significant 38.2% reduction in the savanna zones, contributing to an annual 2.1% increase in the Evapotranspiration (PET) rates. These land use changes led to a 29.2% decrease in the Percolation (PERC), a 20.7% decrease in the Surface Runoff (SURQ), a 33% reduction in the Groundwater Flow (GW_Q), and a 26.6% decrease in the Annual Water Yield (WYLD), as well as a slight reduction of 0.9% in the Lateral flow (LAT_Q). These findings highlight the importance of considering land use changes to ascertain the sustainable management of natural resources, particularly in a transboundary basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Matbûât ve İstihbârât Müdüriyet-i Umûmiyesi Künye Albümü 1924-1927 başlıklı eser, Muhammet Ünal Arvas, Serkan Erdal ve Büşra K. Aktuna tarafından hazırlanarak Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı tarafından yayınlanmıştır. Eserde, 1924-1927 yılları arasında Türkiye’de görev yapan 549 basın mensubunun basın kartları tıpkı basımdan transkripsiyon yapılarak sunulmuştur. Bazı basın mensuplarının ise ayrıntılı biyografisine yer verilmiştir. Aynı zamanda eserde, Türkiye’de temsilcileri bulunan dergi ve gazetelerde görev alan basın mensupları ile ajans ve ajans mensuplarına ilişkin bilgiler de yer almaktadır. Ulusal basın kuruluşlarımız ve yerel basın kuruluşlarımız da eserde sunulmuştur. Bu kapsamda eser, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarında basın ve istihbarat faaliyetlerini yürüten Matbûât ve İstihbârât Müdüriyet-i Umûmiyesi’ne yönelik önemli bir kaynak olup, konu ile ilgili çalışmalarını yürüten araştırmacılara referans kaynak olma özelliğini taşımaktadır.

Drilling challenges in the Mesopotamian Basin, Southern Iraq, are varied and include such issues as mud loss, bit damage, and differential sticking. This study aims to analyze these problems across the stratigraphic column in the study area. The results show that the MMD65R, EQH16R, and SF74R bits were successfully used for the 16” section, while the MSi616L bit was the most efficient for the 12¼” section. The MMD65R was suitable for the 8½” section, with the EQH12DR bit being used for the remaining parts of this section. The MMD54 bit showed excellent performance, achieving the highest rate of penetration (ROP) of 26.9 m/hr in well horizontal sections. Mud losses were most commonly observed at the base of the Dammam, Rus, Tanuma, Mishrif, Hartha, Shuaiba, and Zubair Formations. An appropriate drilling mud density is 1.28 sg is recommended for Zubair and Mishrif Formations. Additionally, tripping in/out operations must be conducted at controlled speed to prevent surging or swabbing the well. Potassium Chloride concentrations should be maintained between 3 to 5%. A 7” production liner must be run and properly seated to isolate the Mishrif and Zubair Formations, with overlap to prevent potential communication between lower water-bearing zones and shallow loss zones.

ÖZ: Kitle iletişim araçlarından biri olan gazeteler, toplumun günlük haber alma ihtiyacını karşılarken bağlı olduğu sermaye veya egemen güç üzerinden ideoloji üretir ve aktarır. Bu nedenle bir gazetede hangi konunun haber yapılacağı, haberin nasıl sunulacağı iktidarın söylemleri ile doğru orantılıdır. İdeolojilerin söylemlerde gizli olduğunu ileri süren ve nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan van Dijk modelinin yöntem olarak belirlendiği bu çalışmanın amacı; yazılı basının 31 Mart 2024 yerel seçim sonuçlarını ileti olarak nasıl ürettiği, şekillendirdiği ve aktardığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda haberlerde yer alan söylemlerin ideolojik olarak nasıl üretildiğini ortaya koyabilmek için söylemde ileti rolünü üstlenen ve araştırmaya dahil edilen 20 adet ulusal gazetenin 1 Nisan 2024 tarihli ilk sayfalarındaki; mizanpaj, haber hiyerarşisi, başlıklar, görsel ögeler, kelimeler gibi unsurlar mercek altına alınarak ileticiye aktarılan veya aktarılmak istenen ideolojik çerçevenin tespiti amaçlanmaktadır. 31 Mart 2024 yerel seçim sonuçlarını önemli kılan ve incelenmesi açısından ilgi çekici boyuta taşıyan asıl sebep, seçim sonuçlarıdır. Sürpriz seçim sonuçlarının farklı ideolojilere sahip gazetelerde haber dili ve haber söylemi olarak nasıl değerlendirildiği de çalışmanın kapsamındadır. Çalışmada mümkün olduğunca fazla gazeteyi araştırma kapsamına dahil edebilmek amaçlanmıştır. Ancak sayfa sınırlılıkları gereği araştırma, incelenen gazetelerin sürmanşet ve manşet haberleri ile sınırlı tutulmuştur. ABSTRACT: Newspapers, one of the mass media tools, produce and transmit ideology through the capital or dominant power to which they are affiliated, while meeting the society's daily need for news. For this reason, what topic will be covered in a newspaper and how the news will be presented are directly proportional to the discourses of the government. The aim of this study, in which the van Dijk model, which is one of the qualitative research methods and claims that ideologies are hidden in discourses, was determined as the method; The aim of this study is to reveal how the print media produced, shaped and conveyed the results of the 31 March 2024 local elections as a message. In this context, in order to reveal how the discourses in the news are ideologically produced, on the first pages of 20 national newspapers dated April 1, 2024, which took on the role of message in the discourse and were included in the research; Elements such as layout, news hierarchy, headlines, visual elements and words are examined and the aim is to determine the ideological framework that is conveyed or intended to be conveyed to the transmitter. The main reason that makes the local election results of March 31, 2024 important and interesting to examine is the election results. How the surprise election results are evaluated as news language and news discourse in newspapers with different ideologies is also within the scope of the study. The aim of the study was to include as many newspapers as possible within the scope of the research. However, due to page limitations, the research was limited to the headline and headline news of the newspapers examined.

Kuruçay Stream basin, located in the Edremit district in northwest Turkey, is a small, narrow and long basin with an area of 17.3 km2, extending in the N–S direction, located on the southern slopes of Mount Ida. The study was carried out to determine the soil erosion susceptibility and distribution of Kuruçay Stream basin, as well as to estimate the annual average amount of soil loss through the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). To apply the equation to the basin, data layers for rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length (L) and slope steepness (S), landcover management (C), and support practice (P) factors were generated. The layers were then overlaid, calculations were made and erosion susceptibility classes were generated. Thus, the spatial distribution of erosion susceptibility classes and the annual estimated amount of soil loss were determined. Based on the results, the Kuruçay Stream basin was found to have five distinct erosion susceptibility levels: low, moderate, high, severe, and extremely severe. Accordingly, 76% of the basin has low, 11.3% moderate, 6% high, 2.9% severe and finally 3.7% very severe erosion susceptibility. The Kuruçay Stream basin shows similar characteristics with the neighbouring river basins in terms of erosion sensitivity.

In order to describe the evolution pattern of ecosystem service value in Shiyang River Basin in recent twenty years and reveal the characteristics of coordinated development of ecology and economy in this basin, nine counties (districts) in Shiyang River Basin are selected as basic research units. Based on the analysis of the current situation of social and economic development of the main administrative units in the basin in the past twenty years and the evaluation of the changes in the value of ecological services in the basin, an evaluation model of ecological-economic coupling coordination index is constructed. This paper reveals the coupling characteristics and spatio-temporal evolution patterns between economic development and ecological protection in the basin in the past 20 years, and analyzes the factors affecting the change of the coupling coordination index by using the regression model, so as to provide reference for the sustainable development and ecological restoration of the basin. The results show that: (1) from 2000 to 2019, the ecological service value growth trend of Shiyang River Basin was obvious, and the difference between counties (districts) was significant. (2) During the research period, the ecological-economic coupling coordination index showed a trend of increase with fluctuation, and from the research, it could be revealed that the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" development period was an important change period, and that 2009 was the key year that affected the coupling coordination index from declining fluctuation to slowly rising. From the perspective of spatial dimension, "coordinated" counties (districts) are mostly concentrated in the upper reaches of the basin, while "uncoordinated" counties (districts) are mostly concentrated in the lower reaches. And the coupling coordination index of the upper reaches is better than that of the lower reaches as a whole. (3) Rural residents' per capita disposable income, urbanization rate, public facilities employees in the same proportion of environment and others are important human factors that affect the ecological-economic coupling coordination index in the basin. In addition, the spatial location of counties (districts) is also the actual accompanying factor that affects the difference of results. This paper reveals that in the future, the differences in regional natural endowment through human activities should be actively overcome based on the actual situation of the upper and lower reaches, characteristic development strategies suitable for this basin should be formulated and implemented in time, so as to achieve the coordinated development of ecology and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Gender & Women's Studies (KTC) / Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi is the property of Mediterranean Journal of Gender & Women's Studies (KTC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ataturk Arastirma Merkezi Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Arastirma Merkezi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dokuz Eylul University Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences is the property of Dokuz Eylul University Graduate School of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main principles of optimal flow regulation in small rivers by reservoirs are presented. New methodological approaches are considered, taking into account the need of differential analysis of the physiographic conditions of the areas where the basins of the examined rivers are located. This is of particular importance in the case of formation of regional response to global climate warming with a combination of unfavorable economic and environmental conditions. The methodological basis of the study includes the geosystem approach and a basin principle, which allow comprehensive incorporation of the effect of the totality of natural and anthropogenic factors on the formation of variations of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of water in watercourse and the ecological conditions in them. The methods of studies include the physiographic zoning of the Ural River basin within the boundaries of the Russian Federation, statistical and graphical analysis of materials of long-term hydrometeorological observations, cartography, etc. The results of the study include methodological provision and substantiation of methodological principles for optimal flow regulation of small rivers in the Ural River basin by reservoirs within the boundaries of the Russian Federation, taking into account environmental and economic criteria. They form a part of a vast list of proposals aimed at hydrological-environmental rehabilitation of small rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the water management and environmental situation in the Ural River basin was rather tense. This is true for its parts both in the Russian Federation, where the major portion of water resources is formed, and in Kazakhstan. The quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources in the following years and the abrupt deterioration of the environmental conditions in many parts of the river make it necessary to carry out a large-scale study of the problems at a geosystem level. The article presents the results of studying small rivers in the part of the Ural River basin within the Russian Federation territory, where river runoff and environmental conditions vary under the effect of a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. The methodological base of the study is the geosystem approach and the basin principle, which enable a comprehensive study of the effect of a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors on the formation of variations of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of watercourses and the ecological conditions in them. The methods of study include generalization and analysis of the data of earlier studies, field studies and observations, sampling water and bottom sediments, zoning of the area under study by the types and levels of anthropogenic load, determination of the character of pollution of watercourses and changes in the ecological conditions in them, depending on the effect of specific types of economic activity. The study revealed specific features of the effect of human economic activity on small rivers and the natural complexes in their drainage areas. The characteristics of the space and time variations in the factors that cause changes in the slope and river runoff are determined. The features of the effect of anthropogenic factors on water quality in water objects and the ecological conditions in them are studied; proposals for ecological rehabilitation, preservation, and recovery of small rivers—tributaries of different orders of the transboundary Ural River—are substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional magnetic data in the southeastern segment of the Nigerian Niger Delta were evaluated with the aim of mapping deep-seated tectonic elements. Enhanced filtering operations and 3D forward modelling were applied on the magnetic data. These geologic features triggered the formation of rollover anticlines and faults that serve as structural traps in the study area. The filtered residual magnetic data revealed geologic structures characterized with NE -- SW, N -- S, and E -- W orientations. The 3-D models detected the faulted crustal blocks, gradient zones, and intra-basement compositional magnetic variations. Furthermore, some prominent horst and graben structures as well as related normal faults characterized with distinct magnetic signatures were observed. Faults of base magnetic (of various compositions) were observed to be the fabricating mechanisms of the magnetic anomalies. Collectively, these structures influenced the patterns of magnetic anomalies with direct effects on the hydrocarbon trapping systems, as well as the pathways and accumulation zones for hydrothermal minerals. On the whole, the interpreted results revealed that the basement surface is rippling. Additionally, the depth result showed sedimentary thicknesses that ranged from 4-10 km. Again, the estimated crustal thickness varied from 14 to 19 km. This study has displayed the capabilities of the magnetic method in mapping the depth and configuration of basement rocks, which are crucial in controlling the formation of structural traps. Identifying these basement structures early helps in understanding the overall geological framework and potential hydrocarbon systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Censorship, with its repetitive and continuous aspects, became a phenomenon observed more frequently in the press in the Ottoman Empire with the development of the press in the 19th century. Along with the censorship that manifested itself in the Police Regulation (1847), the Press Regulation (1857), the Âlî Decree (1867) and some arbitrary practices, many newspapers, magazines and books were banned from publishing. The editorial writer of the periodical Ibret, which was suspended for a while and eventually abolished, was Namık Kemal, whose newspaper articles, journalism and books were subject to censorship. In this study, after a brief evaluation of the publications that were subject to censorship before Ibret, Namık Kemal's articles published in Ibret between 1872-1873 against censorship will be discussed. In these articles, the censorship phenomenon resulting from the Press Regulations, the Âlî Decree and the arbitrary practices of the administrators of the period is heavily criticized, and the reason why the publication of Evrâk-ı Perişan and Dağarcık was banned is problematized. In order to reveal the truth value of the criticisms about censorship in the articles, these remarks will be interpreted by comparing them with the provisions in the Press Regulations and the Âlî Decree. Kemal's articles, "Turkish Press" and "Why Will Authors Be Despondent?" are the ones which he evaluated the subject in detail. When all of his articles in Ibret regarding censorship are taken into consideration, it can be seen that Kemal, on the one hand, opposed the arbitrary censorship imposed on publications, and on the other hand, drew attention to the problems related to journalism and press regulations in the Ottoman Empire. In these articles, supported by other writers of Ibret and Ebuzziya Tevfik from the Hadika newspaper, it was identified that Namık Kemal defended personal initiative, effort and endeavor, equality, the right to life, rights and justice in institutional functioning, and especially freedom and law against censorship. With the help of this defense, it is possible to claim that Namık Kemal shed a light on a period of censorship in Ottoman press before Sultan Abdulhamid II and he was pointing out concepts helping understand the nature of censorship in his literary criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two‐dimensional numerical analysis based on the finite element method and linear elasticity is used to demonstrate how the differential compaction of the basinal unit can cause the early deformation of a prograding and/or aggrading carbonate platform. Our model investigates the modification of the carbonate platform stratal architecture and stress field driven by the process of differential compaction. We compared the results of our model with observations from two Triassic carbonate platforms in the Italian Dolomites: Lastoni di Formin and Nuvolau Mts. (Passo Giau, Italy). We show that the model can explain the modification of stratal architecture, as well as fault and fracture patterns observed on these platforms. In particular, we show that (1) the slope and slope‐to‐basin transition regions are expected to experience most of the brittle deformation and, differently from what was suggested by previous numerical studies, the formation of platform‐ward dipping faults and major fractures with dip angles that tend to decrease moving dip‐ward. In addition, (2) the inner platform region can exhibit a slightly tensile regime, which may lead to the formation of syndepositional and/or syndiagenetic fractures. Moreover, (3) in the case of predominantly prograding platforms, the results of the model show a general tilting and thickening of the inner platform strata towards the shelf‐slope break. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the present study, for the first time, the production rate of freshwater by hemispherical solar desalination still with two salty water basins is investigated. For this purpose, two-dimensional modeling of solar desalination is performed, and the effects of different and independent temperatures for salty water basins on evaporation rate and average Nusselt number are evaluated. The governing equations are discretized numerically based on the finite volume method. Also, the SIMPLE algorithm is used to coupling between velocity and pressure fields. To simulate the evaporation and distillation phenomena, the species transport equation is considered, by considering the two species of dry air and water vapor. The results show that increasing the salty water temperature of the basins significantly increases the evaporation rate. Increasing the water temperature of one salty water basin, as long as the temperature of the other basin remains unchanged, affects the evaporation rate of the basin whose temperature remains constant. Unlike existing geometric symmetry, the flow behavior within the device is asymmetric. The maximum amount of evaporation rate is generated by case 10, which has the highest salty water temperature and the highest possible temperature gradient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Time of Concentration (TC) is a widely utilized time variable in hydrological studies. Various approaches exist to estimate TC, including direct measurements, empirical relations, and graphical method (GM). The GM is commonly regarded as a standard by researchers. Nevertheless, this approach faces obstacles due to the scarcity of records in many watersheds.. This research explores a novel technique for TC estimation, focusing on the examination and recommendation of two-dimensional (2D) hydraulic modeling. The proposed method leverages available satellite data to obtain the necessary input for the 2D simulation. Additionally, several empirical relations were evaluated for TC determination. The GM served as reference point for evaluating the results obtained from empirical relations and hydraulic modeling. To accomplish this, analysis was conducted on four distinct watersheds in Iran, comprising a total of 28 recorded rainfall-runoff data.. In numerical modeling, TC was defined as the duration required for a water parcel to traverse from the headwater to the outlet of a basin. In all studied watersheds, the maximum relative error between the benchmark (GM) and the 2-D modeling was limited to less than 10%. This observation establishes the reliability of hydraulic modeling as a viable method for TC calculation, particularly in ungauged watersheds where the GM cannot be employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Hidrometeorolojik kaynaklı sel ve taşkın gibi kısa süreli jeomorfolojik olayların alansal etkisi, havza boyutuna bağlı değişmektedir. Morfometri havzanın boyutsal unsurlarını sayısal olarak ifade ederek, havzanın özellikle akarsu ve yamaç gibi dinamik süreçlere duyarlılığı konusunda önemli ipuçları sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma belirli düzeyde Türkiye'deki havzaların morfometrik dağılımını belirleme ve literatürde sel ve taşkın gibi olaylarla ilişkilendirilen morfometrinin, bu olaylara katkısını değerlendirme amacını taşımaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye'nin 14 ana havzası ve kapalı havzalar dahil olmak üzere 26 havzanın birincil düzeyde alt havzası için morfometrik analizleri SRTM 90 m SYM ile yapılmıştır. Analizler, çizgisel morfometri, alansal morfometri ve rölyef morfometrisini içermektedir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular hem ana havza hem de birincil alt havza düzeyinde ele alınmıştır. Havzalar arasındaki benzersiz özellikler morfometri ile ortaya konmuş, elde edilen sonuçlar topografik, jeomorfolojik ve jeolojik unsurlarla değerlendirilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra Türkiye’de havza bazında gerçekleşen sel ve taşkın olay sayıları ile morfometri ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Ana ve alt havza düzeyinde sel ve taşkın frekansı, morfometrik değerler anlamlılık bakımından kıyaslanmıştır.

Global warming and climate change cause large temperature oscillations and uneven annual rainfall patterns. The rainy cycles characterized by frequent high-intensity rainfall in the area of the Stubo–Rovni water reservoir, which in 2014 peaked at 129 mm of water in 24 h (the City of Valjevo, the Republic of Serbia), caused major floods in the wider area. Such extremes negatively affect erosion processes, sediment production, and the occurrence of flash floods. The erosion coefficient before the construction of the water reservoir was Zm = 0.40, while the specific sediment production was about 916.49 m3∙km−2∙year−1. A hydrological study at the profile near the confluence of the Jadar and Obnica rivers, i.e., the beginning of the Kolubara river, the right tributary of the Sava (in the Danube river basin), indicates that the natural riverbed can accommodate flows with a 20% to 50% probability of occurrence (about 94 m3/s), while centennial flows of about 218 m3/s exceed the capacities of the natural riverbed of the Jadar river, causing flooding of the terrain and increasing risks to the safety of the population and property. The paper presents the impacts of the man-made Stubo–Rovni water reservoir on the catchment area and land use as the primary condition for preventing erosion processes (specific sediment production has decreased by about 20%, the forest cover increased by about 25%, and barren land decreased by 90%). Moreover, planned and controlled management of the Stubo–Rovni reservoir has significantly influenced the downstream flow, reducing the risks of flash floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating nano phase change materials (NPCMs) into the basin material helps improve the productivity and the evaporation rate in a solar still. Setting heat extraction rate as a standard, a comparative study was made with the yield of a single basin solar still by a phase change material (PCM) and NPCM. To counteract the low thermal conductivity of paraffin wax, metallic nanoparticles of cobalt oxide (CoO) were added. These CoO nanoparticles were found to be attractive for mixing with PCM to increase thermal conductivity. The impact of heat flux, flow rate and metal oxide particles on the flow and heat transfer behaviour of slurries was investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the predominant peak (200) of CoO at 42.3°, with an average CoO nanoparticle size of 6 nm. The FESEM analysis revealed homogeneously aggregated spherical/platelet-shaped CoO nanoparticles ranging within 5–30 nm in size. Solar radiation increases linearly with time, reaching its maximum between 12:00 and 2:00 p.m. The use of NPCM increases the efficiency (12–25%) of the basin material due to its thermal properties and also the water output with an average yield rate of 3.5 L. Finally, the results indicate that the incorporation of CoO nanoparticles into paraffin wax increases the performance of the solar still and improves the water quality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belgi Dergisi is the property of Pamukkale University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Belgi Dergisi is the property of Pamukkale University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to assess the correlation of groundwater level changes (or groundwater level anomalies (GWLA)) obtained from direct measurements in wells with groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA) calculated using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) products and Global Land Data Assimilation Systems (GLDAS) models across different climate zones, from temperate Poland to Arctic Sweden. We recognize that such validation studies are needed to increase the understanding of the spatio-temporal limits of remote sensing model applicability, not least in data-scarce sub-Arctic and Arctic environments where processes are complex due to the impacts of snow and (perma) frost. Results for temperate climates in Poland and southern Sweden show that, whereas one of the models (JPL_NOAH_GWSA) failed due to water balance term overestimation, the other model (CSR_CLM_GWSA) produced excellent results of monthly groundwater dynamics when compared with the observations in 387 groundwater wells in the region during 2003–2022 (cross-correlation coefficient of 0.8). However, for the sub-Arctic and Arctic northern Sweden, the model suitable for other regions failed to reproduce typical northern groundwater regimes (of the region's 85 wells), where winter levels decrease due to the blocking effect of ground frost on groundwater recharge. This suggests, more generally, that conventional methods for deriving GWSA and its seasonality ceases to be reliable in the presence of considerably infiltration-blocking ground frost and permafrost (whereas snow storage modules perform well), which hence need further attention in future research. Regarding long-term groundwater level trends, remote sensing results for southern Sweden show increasing levels, in contrast with observed unchanged to decreasing (~10 mm/a) levels, which may not necessarily be due to errors in the remote sensing model but may rather emphasize impacts of anthropogenic pressures, which are higher near the observation wells that are often located in eskers used for water supply. For sub-Arctic and Arctic Sweden, the (relatively uncertain) trend of the remote sensing results nevertheless agrees reasonably well with the groundwater well observations that show increasing groundwater levels of up to ~14 mm/a, which, e.g., is consistent with reported trends of large Siberian river basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organization and management of political space through administrative divisions play a crucial role in effectively managing natural territories and their interconnected ecosystems. Failure to align political-administrative boundaries with the natural characteristics of regions, particularly the borders and boundaries of basins, poses a significant threat to ecosystem connectivity. In this study, by employing a descriptive-analytical approach and drawing on library sources, we examined the impacts of political organization of space, specifically national divisions and their changes, on the ecosystem of the Bakhtegan Lake and Tashk Basin. As the second-largest lake in the country, this basin served as a critical case study. The research findings revealed that frequent and arbitrary changes in the country's administrative divisions, particularly the creation of new units and cities in the upstream areas of the basin, had resulted in an increase in political-administrative territories, predominance of a sectoral development approach at the basin level, proliferation of local actors, passage of water currents across multiple political-administrative territories, escalation of hydropolitical tensions, hindrance of integrated basin management, loss of natural homogeneity, and failure to align the basin's natural borders with political-administrative borders. Consequently, this trend had facilitated the unrestrained exploitation of water resources in the upstream territories, disregarding environmental and ecosystem linkages with the lake and ultimately leading to its depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany (Anschluss) in 1938, the Nazisupporting magazine Kikeriki in Austria targeted the Jews in the country with its antisemitic publications. Revealing Kikeriki's antisemitic caricatures is crucial for identifying antisemitic propaganda in Austria before the Anschluss. In order to shed light on the antisemitic propaganda in Austria before the Anschluss, the study sought to determine how Jews were presented in Kikereki's antisemitic visuals and what antisemitic propaganda messages were given against the Jews. For this purpose, Kikereki's antisemitic caricatures were examined in the context of antisemitic propaganda through Karl Bühler's Organon Model. The cartoons disseminated propaganda messages that conveyed the exclusion of Jews from Austria, the notion of Jewish dominance over humanity, and the existence of a power struggle between Christians and Jews in the country's administration. The study concluded that Kikereki aimed to validate the NSDAP's campaign against the Jews in the Austrian public opinion through its antisemitic propaganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is a finite resource but an essential one. The continuously increasing demand leads to competition and conflict over limited resources. Syria, Jordan, and Israel compete over the water resources in the transboundary Yarmouk River basin where two water agreements dictate the allocation of water. The two arrangements are far from being efficient and fair while little cooperation is being made over sharing the resources that are being over-exploited. In this study, water sustainability was investigated under projected developments and trends based on the current use and allocation regime in the watershed using several scenarios. A one bucket soil moisture model was adopted and optimized in order to fully represent the ever-changing hydrology of the basin using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool. Demands along with the existing water infrastructure and their operation were modelled despite the lack of many data and the huge uncertainty in some. Simulation of business as usual scenario showed that continuing with the current use cannot be sustainable in the short and long term. The growth of both agriculture and population produced huge water shortages in all demand sectors. Under climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, surface water availability and the retention of dams reduced significantly. The share of Jordan from the Yarmouk River was the most vulnerable to climate change impacts. Enhancing irrigation efficiency and a more stable population growth based on the UN medium variant population projection showed improvements in water coverage within all demand sectors. Analysis of future scenarios suggests that water shortage is expected in all riparian states of the basin but can be mitigated by reducing demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal basins on the Mozambique continental margin are the Mozambique and Rovuma, on the passive continental margin with complex tectonic history, following after the East African Rift System in the Triassic. Although the first gas fields in the coastal zone of the Indian Ocean in southeast Mozambique are appeared yet in the 1960s, only in 2010, did Mozambique achieve a new status as a major world hydrocarbon player—with the discovery of a number of large gas fields in the northeast of the country, in deep-water regions of the Indian Ocean, and in the Rovuma Basin. More than 20 recently discovered gas fields are located in deep-water regions and on the continental slope of the Indian Ocean at depths of 468–2610 m. It is noteworthy that the pays of the same age, the deeper they are buried beneath the water column, the greater their volume of hydrocarbon reserves. A similar trend may help in the case of targeted oil and gas exploration. The prospects of liquid hydrocarbon discoveries are possible in the Madagascar channel behind the Davie Ridge and in deep-water parts on the slopes of the Mozambique continental margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The atypical Tien Shan and Carpathians flysch is compared and correlated to recognize the local (regional) and general (inter-regional) peculiarities of its structure and place in the evolution of mobile belts. The objects of study include the Upper Carboniferous flysch of the Khanaka Syncline (Tien Shan) and Upper Eocene flysch of the Podhale Syncline (Carpathians). Flysch of the Khanaka and Podhale synclines is compared for the first time using the historical–geological analysis based on the study of lithostratigraphy, tectonic structure, and geodynamic setting of objects. The objects of study belong to different mobile belts and tectonic cycles, but they are similar in internal structure and tectonic setting atypical of flysch and exhibit some features atypical of flysch: the formation on a quasiplatform basement, a significant volume of conglomerates, a simple configuration of geological bodies, an absence of internal deformations, and a narrow temporal period of formation. It follows from the comparative analysis that the studied objects belong to a specific flysch type that we suggest naming the final flysch of rear blocks of the mobile belts, whose formation reflects the specific geodynamic evolution of the Hercynian and Alpine mobile belts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to explain the mechanism of silting in the natron basins in the lake region in western Chad. Indeed, Chad is one of the largest countries in Africa which covers an area of 1,284,000 km2 of which its northern part, almost half of the country (600,350 km2) or 46.76% is a desert area. This characteristic means that the arid climate of the north inevitably contributes to desertification and especially to the silting up of Chad for several decades through the process of erosion, transport and deposition of living dunes. The methodological approach is based on field observations and measurements, surveys with the Global Positioning System (GPS), the survey of 70 operators, 20 merchants, 10 officials in charge of the environment at the Lake, 04 mining and energy officials, 06 customary officials of the Lake. The results of this study showed that the phenomenon of silting in the lake and particularly that of the natron basins invaded 2,135 m2 of usable surfaces. However, these natron valleys are spaces that allow local populations to live. This harms the environment and the socio-economic life of the Lake region and the actors of natron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TURKAV Institute of Public Adminsitration Journal of Social Sciences / TÜRKAV Kamu Yönetimi Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of TURKAV Institute of Public Adminsitration Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eastern Geographical Review / Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the population growth through natural growth and migration, coupled with the city expansion, it is the fact that Dehradun City in India faces severe water scarcity. Therefore, the Song Dam Drinking Water Project (SDDWP) is proposed to provide ample drinking water to Dehradun City and its suburban areas. This paper examined economic significance and environmental impacts of the SDDWP in Garhwal Himalaya, India. To conduct this study, we collected data from both primary and secondary sources. There are 12 villages and 3 forest divisions in the surrounding areas of the proposed dam project, of which 3 villages will be fully submerged and 50 households will be affected. For this study, 50 heads of the households were interviewed in the 3 submerged villages. The questions mainly focused on economic significance, environmental impacts, and rehabilitation issues of the dam project. The findings of this study indicate that economic significance of the dam project is substantial, including providing ample water for drinking and irrigation, contributing to groundwater recharge, creating job opportunities, and promoting the development of tourism and fisheries in the Doon Valley. In terms of the rehabilitation of the affected people, there are only 50 households in need of rehabilitation. Currently, the arable land of these affected people is not sufficient to sustain their livelihoods. The entire landscape is fragile, rugged, and precipitous; therefore, the affected people are willing to rehabilitate to more suitable areas in the Doon Valley. Moreover, it is essential to provide them with sufficient compensation packages including the compensation of arable land, houses, cash, common property resources, institutions, belongingness, and cultural adaptation. On the other hand, the proposed dam project will have adverse environmental impacts including arable land degradation, forest degradation, loss of fauna and flora, soil erosion, landslides, and soil siltation. These impacts will lead to the ecological imbalances in both upstream and downstream areas. This study suggests that the affected people should be given sufficient compensation packages in all respects. Afforestation programs can be launched in the degraded areas to compensate for the loss of forest in the affected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recent Period Turkish Studies / Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları is the property of Recent Period Turkish Studies / Yakin Donem Turkiye Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Conceptually, environmental sustainability involves maintaining crucial environmental functions while considering both present and future development. However, existing methods for expressing environmental sustainability are mainly derived from a steady state with minimal spatial explicitness. Furthermore, the environmental impact of certain events may exhibit a lag, particularly in basins. Here, we propose a framework that employs a space-time cube to articulate environmental sustainability. This cube can visualize the environment's evolution over time, identify hot and cold spots in space, and concurrently determine underlying influencing factors via spatial regression analysis. Unlike traditional methods, the space-time cube incorporates not only spatial dimensions but also temporal dimensions. We applied this framework to China's upper Han River basin, using the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) as an indicator of environmental sustainability. It enabled us to chart the basin's ecological trajectory with spatial and temporal explicitness from 1990 to 2020. Our findings reveal that climate change (represented by temperature and precipitation changes) and human activities (represented by nighttime light) were the main factors driving changes in environmental sustainability from 2000 to 2020 in the basin. Therefore, our proposed spatial-temporal integration framework proves to be an efficient tool in articulating environmental sustainability.