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Simple Summary: Driven hunts with hunting dogs are one of the tools for wild boar population reduction. However, they may represent an increased risk of injuries for hunting dogs. This study investigated whether hunting pressure, measured by the length of the hunting season, the frequency of hunts, and participant numbers, influenced the likelihood of wild boar attacks on dogs. The results revealed that the number of attacks reported in a hunting season only increased with longer hunting seasons. Other factors, such as shorter intervals between hunts, the number of driven hunts in the season, or the number of participants, did not enter the best statistical model in our study. Although most injuries were mild, severe and fatal cases were recorded, underscoring the need for improved strategies to reduce risks and enhance dog safety during hunts. Hunting dogs are exposed to the risk of injury in driven hunts, an often-used method for managing growing wild boar numbers. This study investigated the impact of increased hunting pressure—both across the hunting season and within individual hunting events—on the risk of wild boar attacks on hunting dogs, i.e., the length of the hunting season (2.68 ± 0.76 months, mean ± standard deviation), the number of driven hunts per season (3.99 ± 0.43), the intervals between hunts (17.85 ± 4.83 days), the number of wild boars harvested per season (14.46 ± 13.10), and the number of participants (23.8 ± 10.69) and dogs (4.56 ± 2.66) involved per hunt. The data were collected via a retrospective questionnaire survey. The information-theoretic approach (IT-AIC) and GLMM were employed to estimate the factors' effects on the number of wild boar attacks on dogs reported in 40 hunting grounds in five consecutive hunting seasons (2.60 ± 5.07 attacks per hunting season in a hunting ground). The number of attacks only increased with the length of the hunting season. The best model did not include other factors, such as shorter intervals between hunts, a higher number of driven hunts, wild boars harvested, or participants. The respondents reported 150 injuries by wild boars during 797 driven hunts. Most injuries were mild (73.8%), with fewer severe (18.8%) and fatal (7.4%) cases. Further investigation into wild boar and hunting dog interactions is necessary for constructing strategies to improve hunting practices and reduce dog injury risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Extensively managed and feral domesticated cattle (Bos taurus) live in a stable, complex social environment. Herds comprise members of various ages, genders, and sexual maturity. Under intensive farm management, dairy cows experience frequent and routine regrouping, which can disrupt affiliative bonds and induce social stress. This study explores the impact of changes in herd composition on milk yield and udder health traits in resident dairy cows that experience the removal of familiar herd members and the introduction of new individuals into the group. Data on milk yield (production trait), electrical conductivity, and blood presence in milk (indicators of udder health) were monitored over 9 years using precision dairy sensors in a sample of 798 cows. Milk yield dropped after the loss of familiar herd members while introducing new cows had no effect. The higher number of withdrawn cows (up to 10 at once) resulted in lower daily milk yield, increased milk conductivity, and a higher probability of blood presence in milk. Thus, besides lowering milk production, social stress is linked to potential udder health issues. Holstein Friesian cows and primiparous and early-lactation cows were more affected by herd changes than Czech Simental and multiparous cows in later lactation stages. These findings highlight the importance of social stability for dairy cow welfare and productivity, emphasising the need for strategies to reduce stress during necessary herd adjustments. Feral cattle (Bos taurus) live in socially stable herds. Due to farm management practices, intensively managed dairy cows experience frequent regrouping, which can disrupt affiliative bonds and induce social stress. This study examines how changes in herd composition affect milk yield and udder health traits in resident dairy cows exposed to the withdrawal of herd members or the introduction of new individuals. Milk yield, electrical conductivity, and blood presence in milk were measured in 798 cows using precision dairy sensors over 9 years. Milk yield decreased significantly (p < 0.001) one day after the removal of familiar herd members, while introducing cows had no effect. A higher number of cows being withdrawn (up to 10) was associated with reduced milk yield (p < 0.001), elevated milk electrical conductivity (p = 0.01), and an increased prevalence of blood presence in milk (p = 0.01), which can indicate potential udder health issues linked to social stress. Holstein Friesian, primiparous, and first-lactation-stage cows were more affected than Czech Simental and multiparous cows later in lactation. These findings underscore the influence of social stability on dairy cow welfare and productivity, emphasising the need for strategies to mitigate stress when herd changes are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning systems offer promising solutions for monitoring dairy cow behaviour, but their performance in complex barn environments needs a thorough evaluation. This study assessed the TrackLab 2.13 UWB system (Noldus) in a commercial dairy barn, focusing on its accuracy and reliability for tracking cow movements and detecting proximities. We tested the system using stationary and moving tags that simulated cow movement. Positioning reliability varied widely for stationary tags, with central barn locations performing best. Stationary and moving tags satisfactorily complied with the manufacturer's specified accuracy of 0.30 m. The system accurately detected 81.42% of cow proximities to fixed points, indicating its potential for studying social interactions and resource use. While challenges remain, particularly near barn perimeters, this UWB technology shows great promise for enhancing animal welfare monitoring and behaviour research in commercial dairy settings. These findings will help farmers and researchers utilise positioning systems more effectively, improving livestock management and welfare assessment. UWB positioning systems offer innovative solutions for precision monitoring dairy cow behaviour and social dynamics, yet their performance in complex commercial barn environments requires thorough validation. This study evaluated the TrackLab 2.13 (Noldus) UWB system in a dairy barn housing 44–49 cows. We assessed stationary tag positioning using ten fixed tags over seven days, proximity detection between eight cows and ten stationary tags, and moving tag positioning using three tags on a stick to simulate cow movement. System performance varied by tag location, with reliability ranging from 4.09% to 96.73% and an overall mean accuracy of 0.126 ± 0.278 m for stationary tags. After the provider updated the software, only 0.62% of measures exceeded the declared accuracy of 0.30 m. Proximity detection between moving cows and stationary tags showed 81.42% accuracy within a 2-m range. While generally meeting specifications, spatial variations in accuracy and reliability were observed, particularly near barn perimeters. These findings highlight UWB technology's potential for precision livestock farming, welfare assessment, and behaviour research, including social interactions and space use patterns. Results emphasise the need for careful system setup, regular updates, and context-aware data interpretation in commercial settings to maximise benefits in animal welfare monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon whereby pregnancy may be inhibited or terminated when a female is exposed to non‐sire males after mating is often, and rather generally, referred to as the 'Bruce effect'. Widespread and indiscriminate use of the term for any case of pregnancy failure following exposure to an unfamiliar male, however, masks distinct physiological and social causes of the blocking or termination of pregnancy. Within the available literature, we identify four basic processes by which mammalian females can terminate pregnancy, and thus minimise risks of wasted reproductive costs which might result from male infanticide by a subsequent consort of any progeny carried to full‐term where he was not the father. Physical contact with a non‐sire male may induce pregnancy failure either before implantation (pregnancy block) or after implantation (pregnancy disruption). By direct contrast, in other species, physical presence of a familiar non‐sire male may act to prevent the blocking or disruption of pregnancy, while separation from this non‐sire male may act to trigger termination. We propose that use of the term 'Bruce effect' should be restricted to situations in which pregnancy failure is induced primarily by physical contact and/or odour stimuli from a non‐sire male as in its initial formulation. Blanket use of this single term for all situations of pregnancy block or disruption, implying by default that pregnancy failure is the consequence of pre‐implantation pregnancy block of an inseminated female as a result of physical contact with an unfamiliar male or his olfactory cues, masks the fact that, in many circumstances or species, very different mechanisms may operate in the prevention or disruption of pregnancy. The implicit presumption that pregnancy failure is a single and uniform phenomenon also discourages further research into the range of rather different circumstances and mechanisms by which pregnancy disruption may be triggered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study deals with the influence of thoughts of the second half of the 18th century on social, health and cultural projects of the then nobility. The question is what lead to such activities and to the search for new means of how to fulfill their obligations towards their subjects -- how to make their living conditions better. A practical case of such a phenomenon is the Berchtold family. h rough their ideals and ideas, Stepbrothers Leopold Berchtold and Bedřich Všemír Berchtold were able to develop and improve the social and health care not only in their dominion but also, they enriched the science in the whole Habsburg empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing consumer interest in game meat has globally expanded wild animal farming, with deer being a prominent non-traditional species farmed in numerous countries. Consequently, methods for assessing the welfare of captive animals have been developed over the last few decades, and despite its limitations, the Five Domains Model has become one of the most popular practical tools for welfare assessment. Our review focuses on welfare indicators in farmed red and fallow deer, the primary deer species in European farms. Among 57 studies, the majority emphasized deer health and nutrition, neglecting aspects like behavior and mental state. Notably, a significant portion explored human-animal interactions, especially in deer transportation. Summarizing literature for each domain, we propose reliable physical, behavioral, and physiological welfare indicators for farmed red and fallow deer. This comprehensive approach addresses current research gaps and contributes to enhancing the overall well-being of farmed deer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]