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In den Aufsätzen des Bandes werden von verschiedenen Autor:innen des aktuellen musikpädagogisch-wissenschaftlichen Diskurses Themen aufgegriffen und diskutiert, die Christopher Wallbaum ins musikpädagogische Spiel gebracht hat. Didaktische, philosophische, kulturtheoretische und methodologische Fragestellungen bilden zwei große Schwerpunkte: Eine erste Textgruppe beschäftigt sich in konstruktiv-kritischer Form mit musikdidaktisch-konzeptionellen Ansätzen wie der Prozess-Produkt-Didaktik und dem Modell Musikpraxen erfahren und vergleichen. Die zweite Textgruppe setzt sich mit Perspektiven musikpädagogischer Forschung auseinander. Dabei liegt ein Fokus auf Überlegungen zu praxistheoretischen Perspektiven auf Unterricht, zur Arbeit mit Unterrichtsvideographien und zu international vergleichenden Fragestellungen. Christopher Wallbaum hat nahezu 40 Jahre lang die Musikpädagogik als Lehrer und Hochschullehrer, als Musiker und Mensch geprägt. Sein Denken und Handeln zeigt das Fach als spannendes und herausforderndes, oftmals auch vergnügliches Problemfeld. Er war und ist stets an der Vermittlung von wissenschaftlichem Diskurs und konkreter Unterrichtspraxis interessiert und hat wesentliche Impulse für die musikpädagogische Forschung und Lehre gesetzt.

The concept of diversity entails the development of strategies that capitalize on the diverse cultural potential of the members of a heterogeneous group and explores that potential in a constructive way. In principle, this might be a good idea but it runs the risk of binding cultural potentials within so-called multicultural (learners) groups (of pupils) to their origins/descents, thus strengthening positive racism. In contrast, the new concept of identity operates in terms of a plural or fragmented self, or a patchwork biography, in which the individual is no longer bound by the predetermined factors of one’s identity, such as gender, place of residence, profession of parents or origin/descent. Rather, one has to solve the task of constructing one’s identity over and over again throughout one’s whole life, balancing and integrating different senses of cultural belonging. This article presents both concepts referring to multicultural learners/learning groups. It also discusses whether the theoretical base of diversity and identity rule themselves out in the end or whether there are common assumptions, which reflects the precepts of intercultural music education., ARS INTER CULTURAS, Nr 2 (2013): Ars Inter Culturas

Wenig ist bekannt über das Vorgehen von Weiterbildenden bezüglich des Teilnehmertransfers. 15 leitfadengestützte Interviews wurden mit Führungskräftetrainer/innen durchgeführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Im Ergebnis verfügen die Befragten über ein breites, größtenteils mit der Forschungslage korrespondierendes Handlungsrepertoire und Wissen: Transfer wird als kontinuierlich verstanden und entsprechend gestützt, spezifische Lehrendenmerkmale werden als transferwirksam benannt. Zusätzlich beinhalten die Daten neue, plausibel erscheinende Transferaktivitäten. How do HRD professionals support transfer of training? An exploratory interview study 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with trainers of leadership development trainings. The data was coded using content analysis. Overall a broad set of transfer strategies was mentioned which is highly commensurate with the literature: The majority tries to support training transfer at all time periods and sees themselves as relevant regarding transfer. Furthermore plausible activities related to transfer emerged from the data., bildungsforschung, Nr. 1 (2018): Profession und Institution - Profession et institution

Additional file 10. Rate expressions for used kinetic mechanisms and the expressions for the corresponding metabolite elasticities.

Background: The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina) is a widely used industrial host organism for protein production. In industrial cultivations, it can produce over 100 g/l of extracellular protein, mostly constituting of cellulases and hemicellulases. In order to improve protein production of T. reesei the transcriptional regulation of cellulases and secretory pathway factors have been extensively studied. However, the metabolism of T. reesei under protein production conditions has not received much attention.Results: To understand the physiology and metabolism of T. reesei under protein production conditions we carried out a well-controlled bioreactor experiment with extensive analysis. We used minimal media to make the data amenable for modelling and three strain pairs to cover different protein production levels. With RNA-sequencing transcriptomics we detected the concentration of the carbon source as the most important determinant of the transcriptome. As the major transcriptional response concomitant to protein production we detected the induction of selected genes that were putatively regulated by xyr1 and were related to protein transport, amino acid metabolism and transcriptional regulation. We found novel metabolic responses such as production of glycerol and a cellotriose-like compound. We then used this cultivation data for flux balance analysis of T. reesei metabolism and demonstrate for the first time the use of genome wide stoichiometric metabolic modelling for T. reesei. We show that our model can predict protein production rate and provides novel insight into the metabolism of protein production. We also provide this unprecedented cultivation and transcriptomics data set for future modelling efforts.Conclusions: The use of stoichiometric modelling can open a novel path for the improvement of protein production in T. reesei. Based on this we propose sulphur assimilation as a major limiting factor of protein production. As an organism with exceptional protein production capabilities modelling of T. reesei can provide novel insight also to other less productive organisms.

Background: Marine fungi are a diverse group of opportunistic and obligate organisms isolated from marine environments. These fungi are now often included in screens for novel metabolites, while less attention has been given to their production of hydrolytic enzymes. Most enzymes derived from marine microorganisms have been obtained from marine bacteria. The enzymes produced by marine fungi may have different properties than those derived from bacteria or from terrestrial fungi. Here we assess the growth of six filamentous marine fungi on a wide range of polymeric substrates as an indication of their general capacity to produce hydrolytic enzymes.Results: Calcarisporium sp. KF525, Tritirachium sp. LF562, Bartalinia robillardoides LF550, Penicillium pinophilum LF458, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis LF580 and Pestalotiopsis sp. KF079 all grew on both casein and gelatin as N-source, indicating secretion of proteases. All species also grew on starch, laminarin, xylan, pectin and oil, indicating production of amylases, glucanases, xylanases, pectinases and lipases. Growth on cellulose occurred but was weaker than on xylan. All strains also grew to some extent on sulphated arabinogalactan, although only LF562 could utilise arabinose. Four strains grew on the sulphated ulvans, whereas only KF525 grew on agar or carrageenan. KF525 and LF562 showed limited growth on alginate. Although fucose was used as carbon source by several species, fucoidan did not support biomass production.Conclusions: Marine fungi could be excellent sources of a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes, including those able to hydrolyse various seaweed polymers. Although the native hosts may secrete only small amounts of these enzymes, the genes may provide a rich source of novel enzymes.

Background: Trichoderma reesei is one of the main sources of biomass-hydrolyzing enzymes for the biotechnology industry. There is a need for improving its enzyme production efficiency. The use of metabolic modeling for the simulation and prediction of this organism's metabolism is potentially a valuable tool for improving its capabilities. An accurate metabolic model is needed to perform metabolic modeling analysis. Results: A whole-genome metabolic model of T. reesei has been reconstructed together with metabolic models of 55 related species using the metabolic model reconstruction algorithm CoReCo. The previously published CoReCo method has been improved to obtain better quality models. The main improvements are the creation of a unified database of reactions and compounds and the use of reaction directions as constraints in the gap-filling step of the algorithm. In addition, the biomass composition of T. reesei has been measured experimentally to build and include a specific biomass equation in the model. Conclusions: The improvements presented in this work on the CoReCo pipeline for metabolic model reconstruction resulted in higher-quality metabolic models compared with previous versions. A metabolic model of T. reesei has been created and is publicly available in the BIOMODELS database. The model contains a biomass equation, reaction boundaries and uptake/export reactions which make it ready for simulation. To validate the model, we dem1on-strate that the model is able to predict biomass production accurately and no stoichiometrically infeasible yields are detected. The new T. reesei model is ready to be used for simulations of protein production processes.

Characteristics of polymeric substrates used in this study. (DOCX 22 kb)

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures. A PDF file containing all the supplementary figures referred to in the text.

Additional file 1. Figure showing a carbon normalized version of the production of each individual biomass compound using FBA.

Background: The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina) is a widely used industrial host organism for protein production. In industrial cultivations, it can produce over 100 g/l of extracellular protein, mostly constituting of cellulases and hemicellulases. In order to improve protein production of T. reesei the transcriptional regulation of cellulases and secretory pathway factors have been extensively studied. However, the metabolism of T. reesei under protein production conditions has not received much attention. Results: To understand the physiology and metabolism of T. reesei under protein production conditions we carried out a well-controlled bioreactor experiment with extensive analysis. We used minimal media to make the data amenable for modelling and three strain pairs to cover different protein production levels. With RNA-sequencing transcriptomics we detected the concentration of the carbon source as the most important determinant of the transcriptome. As the major transcriptional response concomitant to protein production we detected the induction of selected genes that were putatively regulated by xyr1 and were related to protein transport, amino acid metabolism and transcriptional regulation. We found novel metabolic responses such as production of glycerol and a cellotriose-like compound. We then used this cultivation data for flux balance analysis of T. reesei metabolism and demonstrate for the first time the use of genome wide stoichiometric metabolic modelling for T. reesei. We show that our model can predict protein production rate and provides novel insight into the metabolism of protein production. We also provide this unprecedented cultivation and transcriptomics data set for future modelling efforts. Conclusions: The use of stoichiometric modelling can open a novel path for the improvement of protein production in T. reesei. Based on this we propose sulphur assimilation as a major limiting factor of protein production. As an organism with exceptional protein production capabilities modelling of T. reesei can provide novel insight also to other less productive organisms.

The ability of a basidiomycete laccase, in a sequence including several successive laccase-mediator and alkaline-extraction treatments, to modify and remove lignin from whole woody (Eucalyptus globulus) and non-woody (Pennisetum purpureum) plant materials is demonstrated (resulting in up to 48% and 32% removal of initial E. globulus and P. purpureum lignin, respectively). Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance of the treated materials, swollen in dimethylsulfoxide-d6, revealed the differential removal of p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl and syringyl lignin units, and a moderate removal of p-coumaric acid (present in P. purpureum) without a substantial change in polysaccharide cross-signals. However, the most noticeable change observed was the strong increase of Cα-oxidized syringyl units (representing up to 60% of all the lignin units in the treated eucalypt wood) in agreement with the mechanism of lignin attack by laccase-mediator proposed after model dimer studies. Paralleling lignin removal, a positive effect on sugar and ethanol yield was also observed., This study was funded by the KBBE-3-244362 EU-project and the AGL2008-00709, AGL2011-25379 and BIO2011-26694 Spanish projects. Dr. Jorge Rencoret thanks the CSIC for a JAE-DOC contract of the program “Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios” co-financed by Fondo Social Europeo (FSE).

The present study shows the ability of a laccase to remove lignin and make cellulose accessible to hydrolysis for conversion to fuels, when applied on the lignocellulosic biomass in combination with a redox mediator. Two lignocellulosic feedstocks, eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) and Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), were selected as representative for rapid growth and high biomass producing woody and nonwoody plant species, respectively. The modification of lignin in the pretreated lignocellulosic materials was analyzed by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy of the whole sample at the gel state, after swelling in dimethylsulfoxide-d6. This is a new and promising analytical methodology for the in situ analysis of lignin in plant materials, without the need of its time-consuming and low-yield isolation, of interest for enzymatic delignification studies. In addition to lignin removal, the effect of the enzymatic treatments on sugar and ethanol yield from the two pretreated lignocellulosic materials was also assessed., This work was supported by the LIGNODECO EU-project on "Optimized pre-treatment of fast growing woody and nonwoody Brazilian crops by detailed characterization of chemical changes in the lignin-carbohydrate matrix" (KBBE-2009-244362) and the LIGNOCELL Spanish MINECO (co-financed by FEDER funds) project on “Development of optimized enzymatic pre-treatments for the deconstruction of woody and non-woody lignocellulosic biomass” (AGL2011-25379).

Comunicación oral presentada a la citada reunión celebrada del 13-14 de noviembre de 2012, en Salamanca, España., En el presente estudio se muestra la capacidad del sistema lacasa-mediador para eliminar la lignina de las paredes celulares de dos materiales lignocelulósicos de crecimiento rápido, muy interesantes desde el punto de vista industrial, como son la madera de eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus) y la hierba elefante (Pennisetum purpureum). Los cambios producidos por estos tratamientos, tanto en el polímero de lignina, como en la fracción de hemicelulosas, fueron analizados por resonancia magnética nuclear bidimensional (2D-NMR). Estos análisis se realizaron directamente sobre los materiales finamente molidos, sin ningún fraccionamiento previo, que tras ser disueltos en DMSO-d6, forman geles que se pueden analizar por 2D-NMR1. Los espectros 2D-NMR (HSQC) pusieron de manifiesto que después del tratamiento enzimático, mientras que la fracción de hemicelulosas permaneció “intacta”, el polímero de lignina sufrió cambios drásticos en su composición y en su estructura. Dichos tratamientos produjeron una disminución del contenido en lignina del 48% y 32% en eucalipto y hierba elefante, respectivamente2, como consecuencia de una eliminación parcial de las unidades aromáticas de la lignina (H, G y S) y de la rotura de enlaces β-O-4̍ alquil-aril éter. La naturaleza oxidativa de este tratamiento enzimático se puso de manifiesto en el espectro de 2D-NMR con la aparición de señales correspondientes a unidades siringilo oxidadas en la posición alfa.

9 páginas, 6 figuras, 4 tablas -- PAGS nros. 267-277, The ability of Trametes villosa laccase, in conjuction with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as mediator and alkaline extraction, to remove lignin was demonstrated during treatment of wood (Eucalyptus globulus) and non-wood (Pennisetum purpureum) feedstocks. At 50 U g−1 laccase and 2.5% HBT concentration, 48% and 32% of the Eucalyptus and Pennisetum lignin were removed, respectively. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance of the feedstocks, swollen in dimethylsulfoxide-d6, revealed the removal of p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl and syringyl lignin units and aliphatic (mainly β-O-4′-linked) side-chains of lignin, and a moderate removal of p-coumaric acid (present in Pennisetum) without a substantial change in polysaccharide cross-signals. The enzymatic pretreatment (at 25 U g−1) of Eucalyptus and Pennisetum feedstocks increased the glucose (by 61% and 12% in 72 h) and ethanol (by 4 and 2 g L−1 in 17 h) yields from both lignocellulosic materials, respectively, as compared to those without enzyme treatment, This study was funded by the LIGNODECO EU-project on “Optimised pre-treatment of fast growing woody and nonwoody Brazilian crops by detailed characterization of chemical changes produced in the lignin-carbohydrate matrix” (KBBE-3-244362) and the ELLE, LIGNOCELL and RAPERO Spanish MICINN (co-financed by FEDER funds) projects (AGL2008-00709, AGL2011-25379 and BIO2008-01533, respectively). J. Rencoret acknowledges the CSIC JAE-Doc contract of the program “Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios” co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF)