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The objective of this study was to verify if the urea serum concentrations in prepartum dairy cows influence the mineral metabolism of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca). Twenty-seven multiparous Holstein cows were selected from two properties. Urinary pH measurement was performed, and blood samples were collected 7 days before the expected calving date, and in the immediate postpartum period, blood samples were collected at 24, 48 and 72 hours. In the blood, serum urea, Ca and Mg concentrations were determined. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and correlation and categorized according to the median prepartum urea concentration into high urea group (HUG) and low urea group (LUG). There was positive correlation between prepartum Ca and Mg (r= 0.85; P<0.05), 24 hours postpartum Ca and Mg (r= 0.74; P<0.05) and prepartum Ca and 48 hours Ca (r= 0.62; P<0.05). HUG animals (46.01 mg/dL) showed subclinical hypomagnesemia at 72 hours postpartum (P<0.05). Higher serum urea concentrations in the prepartum, influenced the mineral metabolism of dairy cows in the immediate postpartum, being detected subclinical hypomagnesemia 72 hours after calving., O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se as concentrações séricas de ureia no pré-parto de vacas leiteiras, influenciaram no metabolismo mineral do magnésio (Mg) e do cálcio (Ca). Foram selecionadas 27 vacas multíparas da raça Holandês oriunda de duas propriedades. Foi realizada aferição do pH urinário e coleta sanguínea 7 dias antes da data prevista do parto, e no pós-parto imediato coleta de sangue nas 24, 48 e 72 horas. No sangue foi determinado a concentração sérica de ureia, Ca e Mg. Os dados foram submetidos análise de variância e correlação, sendo categorizados de acordo com a mediana da concentração de ureia pré- parto em grupo de ureia alta (GUA) e grupo de ureia baixa (GUB). Houve correlação positiva entre o Ca e Mg pré-parto (r= 0,85; P<0,05), Ca e Mg 24 horas pós-parto (r= 0,74; P<0,05) e Ca pré-parto e Ca 48 horas (r= 0,62; P<0,05). Os animais do GUA (46,01 mg/dL) apresentaram hipomagnesemia subclínica, nas 72 horas após o parto (P<0,05). Concentrações séricas de ureia maiores no pré-parto, influenciaram no metabolismo mineral da vaca leiteira no pós-parto imediato, sendo detectado hipomagnesima subclínica 72 horas após o parto.

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We determined the species distribution and in-vitro susceptibility of 6082 bloodstream infection (BSI) isolates of Candida spp. collected from 250 medical centres in 32 nations over a 10-year period from 1992 through 2001. The species included 3401 C. albicans, 984 C. glabrata, 796 C. parapsilosis, 585 C. tropicalis, 153 C. krusei, 67 C. lusitaniae, 48 C. guilliermondii, 10 C. famata, 10 C. kefyr, six C. pelliculosa, five C. rugosa, four C. lipolytica, three C. dubliniensis, three C. inconspicua, two C. sake and one isolate each of C. lambica, C. norvegensis and C. zeylanoides. Minimum inhibitory concentration determinations were made using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards reference broth microdilution method. Variation in the rank order and frequency of the different species of Candida was observed over time and by geographic area. The proportion of BSI due to C. albicans and C. glabrata increased and C. parapsilosis decreased over time in Canada, the USA and Europe. C. glabrata was an infrequent cause of BSI in Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region. Very little variation in fluconazole susceptibility was observed among isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. These species accounted for 78% of all BSI and remained highly susceptible (91-100% susceptible) to fluconazole from 1992 to 2001 irrespective of geographic origin. The prevalence of fluconazole resistance among C. glabrata isolates was variable both over time and among the various countries and regions. Resistance to fluconazole among C. glabrata isolates was greatest in the USA and varied by US census region (range 0-23%). These observations are generally encouraging relative to the sustained usefulness of fluconazole as a systemically active antifungal agent for the treatment of candida BSI. © 2004 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.