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The content of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in fresh fruit and juices was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) to determine the safety of some food available in the Polish market. It was found that most fruit samples (90.4%) contained low levels of heavy metals. However, the remaining 9.6% had increased heavy metal contents (Pb 2.2%, Cd 4.4%, Cu, 1.5%, Zn 1.5%). Most fruit juice sample (88%) met the national standard criteria, but 12% exceeded the permissible limits for Pb and Cd (3% and 9%, respectively). The results contained in this paper were presented in the 14th IGWT Symposium, Beijing, China, August 23-29, 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled: In aphakic patients, lack of capsular support or insufficient capsular support require an implantation of an anterior chamber intraocular lens or a sclerally fixated lens. Rigid PMMA (polymethylmetacrylate) anterior chamber intraocular lenses or transscleral intraocular lenses require an incision 6.0-7.0 mm wide., Purpose: Of this study was to evaluate anatomic and functional results of a new foldable acrylic anterior chamber intraocular lens (Acri.Lyc 15A, Acritec) through a small incision (2.8 mm)., Material and Methods: The examined group consisted of 30 eyes in 30 patients, at the age from 48 to 87 years (mean 70.90 years, SD +/- 10.57 years), who received a new type foldable acrylic anterior chamber intraocular lens (AC IOL). Examinations were performed before operation and 1-3 days, 1-2 weeks, 3-4 months, 6-8 months after the surgery. During all control examinations visual acuity, intraocular pressure, refraction, corneal endothelium density, pachymetry, keratometry, anterior and posterior segment of the eye were evaluated., Results: Preoperative mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.32 +/- 0.36 and increased to 0.63 +/- 0.33, 6-8 months after the surgery. We observed that mean corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) gradually decreased in the postoperative period. We observed some minor complications after implantation of the AC IOL (e.g. corneal edema, Descemet folds, raised IOP, hyphaema, distorted pupil shape, "iris bombe", blood in the vitreous, displaced IOL and cystic macular edema), most of them were minor and did not influence the final results., Conclusions: The application of foldable anterior chamber intraocular lenses through a small incision is a safe alternative for rigid PMMA anterior chamber intraocular lenses and transscleral intraocular lenses.

Purpose: Measuring the anterior chamber diameter (AC) is important both for diagnostics and before ocular surgery. In clinical practice, horizontal AC diameter is usually estimated on the basis of measurements of corneal diameter (so-called white-to-white [WTW] distance). The usual method for selecting an appropriate size for an AC lens is to add 1 mm to WTW measurement. The purpose of this study was to compare AC diameter measured using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) with WTW distance measured using digital photography in aphakic eyes., Methods: The data were gathered prospectively from a nonrandomized consecutive series of aphakic patients. The examined group consisted of 23 eyes of 23 adult patients, mean age 71.17 years. WTW diameter was measured in the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock meridian on a digital photograph. Internal horizontal AC diameter measurements were performed in the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock meridian with the Sonomed Ultrabiomicroscopy device with a 50-MHz probe., Results: Mean horizontal WTW diameter measured using digital photographs was 11.65+/-0.38 mm and mean horizontal internal AC diameter measured using UBM was 13.53+/-0.83 mm. A significant difference in mean WTW diameter measured using digital photography and UBM was found (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between these values (Spearman=0.70, p<0.001)., Conclusions: In order to obtain good and precise measurements of internal AC diameter, a method of direct visualization of the intraocular structures should be used. Despite the limits of a small case series, our results support the use of UBM technique for preoperative evaluation of the internal AC diameter and AC intraocular lens sizing in aphakic eyes.

Introduction: The use of modern technologies enables constructing and producing perfected intraocular lenses. Recently, aspheric implants have become widely available., Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate functional results, contrast sensitivity in scotopic conditions and spherical aberrations of the optical system of the eye after phacoemulsification with implantation of aspheric intraocular lens., Materials and Methods: The material was gathered prospectively from January until July 2006. The examined group included patients who received aspheric intraocular lenses Adapt AO or AcrySof SN60WF and who previously had received a conventional foldable spherical lens in the fellow eye. The examined group with an intraocular lens Adapt AO consisted of 25 eyes (25 patients) and the examined group with an intraocular lens AcrySof SN60WF consisted of 12 eyes (12 patients). We examined best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure. Contrastometry in scotopic conditions and aberrometry were performed. Intraoperative and early postoperative complications were noted. For statistical analysis non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test was used, all calculations were performed for the level of significance alpha = 0.05., Results: In the examined groups there were no intraoperative and early postoperative complications. In both groups, there was no statistically significant difference in mean postoperative BCVA between eyes with an aspheric implant and eyes with a spherical lens. Assuming the mean contrast sensitivity in eyes with spherical implants as 100%, we observed that in eyes with an aspheric lens it was better nearly by one third. Mean value of spherical aberrations with a pupil diameter of 5mm (Zernike RMS 5 mm) in eyes with an aspheric lens was significantly lower in comparison with eyes with a spherical implant (p < 0.05). Similarly, mean value of higher order spherical aberrations with a pupil diameter of 5 mm (Higher Order Zernike RMS 5 mm), in eyes with an aspheric lens was significantly lower in comparison with eyes with a spherical implant (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Using aspheric lenses Adapt AO and AcrySof SN60WF allows for achieving very good functional and anatomic results and it enables to achieve better contrast sensitivity in scotopic conditions, as well as significantly decreases spherical aberrations of the optical system of the eye, in comparison with conventional spherical lenses.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of diabetes mellitus and type of hipoglicemic therapy on corneal endothelium cell morphology., Material and Methods: In 68 diabetic patients' eyes with non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (29 males and 39 females), corneal endothelium was studied. Patients age was between 50 and 82 years (mean 63.28). As age-matched control group we analyzed 58 eyes of non diabetic patients. Corneal endothelium density, percentage of corneal endothelium hexagonal cells, average size of corneal endothelium cells and corneal thickness were imaged by non-contact specular microscope TOPCON SP-2000P., Results: The mean corneal endothelium cell density was: 2467 cells/mm2 in diabetic patients, and 2573 cells/mm2 in control group. The mean percentage of corneal endothelium hexagonal cells was: 55.3% in diabetic patients treated with insulin and 52.9% in diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs, and 54.4% in the control group. The mean size of corneal endothelium cells was: 414.6 microm2 in diabetic patients, and 395.9 microm2 in the control group. The mean corneal thickness was: 0.556 mm in diabetic patients and 0.545 mm in the control group., Conclusions: Corneal endothelium was thicker in diabetic patients than in non diabetic patients. The duration of diabetes mellitus had no influence on corneal endothelium cell morphology. Diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs had larger percentage of hexagonal cells than those treated with insulin.