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The era of Artificial Intelligence 'AI' with all the benefits brought along, has raised new and additional challenges to the ongoing efforts of assessing, defining, formulating, and implementing the quality aspects of geospatial remote sensing data. Developed practices using artificial intelligence leveraged techniques such as image interpretation, classification, thematic mapping, and even image quality enhancement, necessitating by that the reassessment and redevelopment of some of the related emerging quality aspects. Moreover, technology also made the generation of false images and false data possible, this matter constrained and increased precaution and doubtfulness, altogether making some practices based on that data almost halt to further notice. This paper presents the collaborative research work to assess and clarify the quality aspects that arose with the advent and implementation of AI and associated technologies; the concerns and issues that can accompany the generation of false satellite and aerial images including the generated geospatial data out of which, how the new emerged quality aspects fit into the currently existing methods through the lifecycle of remote sensing data production and usage, and consequently how the quality dimensions are affected and should be further developed and improved to tackle the changes and innovations. Also, lame a bit on investigating how to accommodate the new challenges in standards, and practical procedures and raise the awareness to users, the level of dependency on improved and enhanced satellite images when it comes to data collection interpretation and classification, and finally define the research gaps, future expected challenges and thus enclose suggestions and recommendations in that respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driving a road vehicle is a very complex task in terms of controlling it, substituting a human driver with a computer is a real challenge also from the technical side. An important step in vehicle controlling is when the vehicle plans its own trajectory. The input of the trajectory planning are the purpose of the passengers and the environment of the vehicle. The trajectory planning process has several parts, for instance, the geometry of the path-curve or the speed during the way. Furthermore, a traffic situation can also determine many other parameters in the planning process.

Autonomous and highly automated transportation is very attractive not only for the automotive but also for the mapping industry. In order to exploit the technology, the latest survey solutions are needed, but beyond that, a clear description of the content is a must. Three standards have been selected: (1) used for a long time in navigation systems (NDS), (2) developed for simulation purposes (OpenDRIVE), and (3) designed and proposed for general map data exchange (GDF). In this paper, we present the approach of the three standards, then apply the tools of the standards to a specific sample area, a complex traffic junction, and produce maps in the appropriate formats. The evaluation of the pilot site shows that the difficulty of the exchange standard appears to be a serious obstacle. In the process of applying the navigation standard, the personality of the evaluator (the map maker) is also revealed. In the simulation format, the description of reality is gradually improved by including more and more extra elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of tear supplementation with preservative free 0.15% zinc-hyaluronate on ocular surface sensations and corneal sensitivity in dry eye patients.Methods: Ocular surface sensations were assessed using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire and by recording ocular sensations during forced blinking in parallel with noninvasive tear film breakup time measurement in 20 eyes of 20 dry eye patients. Corneal sensitivity thresholds to selective stimulation of corneal mechano-, thermal- and chemical receptors were measured using the Belmonte gas esthesiometer. All baseline measurements were repeated after 1 month of treatment with 0.15% zinc-hyaluronate.Results: After 1 month, a significant decrease in mean OSDI score (from 35.66 ± 12.36 to 15.03 ± 11.22; P < 0.001) and a significant improvement in tear film breakup time (from 3.83 ± 0.80 to 8.67 ± 4.50 s; P < 0.001) was observed compared to baseline. Sensory responses during the interblink period also significantly decreased after 1 month (P < 0.004). Corneal sensitivity thresholds to mechanical stimulation (90.61 ± 20.35 vs. 103.92 ± 17.97 mL/min; P < 0.025) and chemical stimulation (33.21 ± 0.51 vs. 33.58% ± 0.44% CO2; P < 0.025) significantly increased after 1 month, however sensitivity thresholds to thermal stimulation remained unchanged compared to baseline (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Prolonged use of 0.15% zinc-hyaluronate results in an improvement of tear film stability and a decrease of dry eye complaints. The decrease in corneal mechano-and polymodal receptor excitability suggests that zinc-hyaluronate helps to recover normal corneal sensitivity, and thus might have a beneficial additional effect on reducing ocular surface complaints in dry eye patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the differences in the biometric parameters of the anterior segment in Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS).Methods: 30 eyes of 15 consecutive patients with unilateral FUS were examined. Anterior segment parameters were measured by rotating Scheimpflug imaging camera. Central endothelial cell count was measured by noncontact specular microscopy.Results: The central cornea was thinner (p < 0.001), the iridocorneal angle was significantly larger (p < 0.010), anterior chamber depth was deeper in the eyes with FUS (p < 0.006). The iris bowing was different between the affected eye and the healthy eye. The mean endothelial cell density of eyes with FUS was significantly lower than control eyes (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Scheimpflug imaging method is a useful tool to analyze the anterior segment parameters in FUS. Endothelial cell loss, as well as decreased percentage of endothelial hexagonal cells, is obtained by noncontact specular microscopy in patients with FUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between anterior chamber inflammation and the central foveal thickness of the retina in a homogenous uveitic group (seronegative spondyloarthropathy (subgroup: ankylosing spondylitis)) of patients with the first acute anterior unilateral uveitic attack.Methods: Central foveal thickness (FT) and perifoveal retinal thickness were recorded by optical coherence tomography (Optovue RTVue-100), and the difference between the two eyes was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by Mathworks Matlab software. Anterior chamber inflammation was measured by laser flare photometry (Kowa FM-600).Results: A statistically significant (p < .05) increase was found in retinal thickness in all OCT subfields in acute anterior uveitic eyes compared to healthy fellow eyes. There was a linear correlation between the degree of inflammation (laser flare photometry values) and central foveal thickness (r = .900, p < .001).Conclusions: We could demonstrate close correlation between macular thickness and inflammation in anterior uveitic patients with spondyloarthropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]