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Entry to the poster competition ran during Northumbria's Open Research and Reproducibility Conference 2023. Poster entries showcase open research practice in student work.

Entries to the poster competition ran during Northumbria's Open Research and Reproducibility Conference as part of Open Research Week 2023. Poster entries showcase open research practice in student and academic work. Titles WINNER Positive expressive writing interventions, subjective health and wellbeing: A systematic review, Lauren Hoult, Dr Michael Smith, Prof Mark Wetherell & Dr Trudi Edginton WINNER Micro-detectives: Forensic profiling with microbes, Nengi Ogbanga, Andrew Nelson, Darren Smith & Noemi Procopio WINNER Cementochronology: About the “tree rings” in our teeth, Valentina Perrone, Patrick Randolph-Quinney & Noemi Procopio Larger, more powerful studies: More work. But big rewards!, David Smailes Promote (or learn about) open research via a Reproducibilitea Journal Club, David Smailes To explore how a Breastfeeding Closed Facebook group administered by volunteers with additional breastfeeding training influences women’s experiences, particularly for those women for whom breastfeeding is not their cultural norm, Deborah Wade Impact of symptoms and disease severity on digital mobility outcomes in COPD, D. Megaritis, J. Buekers, T. Bonci, E. Hume, L. Alcock, A. Yarnall, E. M. Amigo, P. Brown, C. Buckley, S. Del Din, C. Echevarria, C. Mazzà, L. Rochester, J. Garcia Aymerich & I. Vogiatzis Growing my research village, Fiona Crouch Dying to Care. A constructivist grounded theory study identifying what factors prepare student nurses to care for dying patients, Helen Merlane Development of Innovative MODular Building System with Enhanced Fire, Environmental, Structural and Thermal Performance (MOD-FEST), Heshachanaa Rajanayagam How does garment cut influence the perception of attractiveness in the male somatotype? A comparative study of the focus of attraction on specific areas of the male body and its adaptation to inform garment cut in the UK, Jenni Moore The more-than-digital scrapmap: Exploring the generative possibilities of qualitative digital data, Joanna Hume Technological visuo-cognitive training in Parkinson’s disease: Preliminary findings from a pilot randomised controlled trial, Julia Das, Gill Barry, Rodrigo Vitorio, Richard Walker, Claire McDonald, Rosie Morris & Samuel Stuart Library support for open research: How the University Library can support you to make your work more open…, Leah Maughan & Rachel Branson A Phenomenological study into the experience of training to perform Intermittent Self Catheterisation (ISC) from the perspective of the Patient and the Nurse, Marion Haskin Be thankful to be joyful: Gratitude writing for wellbeing, Michael A. Smith & Yasmin Colborne Improving cultural understanding and 21st century skills with COIL, Ngoc D. Nguyen, Vilma B. Liwan & Thao T. P. Mai ‘It helps make the fuzzy go away’: Autistic adults’ reflections upon nature and wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic and across the life course, Dr Samantha Friedman Diagnosing relativistic electron distributions in the Van Allen radiation belts, S. Killey, I.J. Rae, S. Chakraborty, A.W. Smith, S.N. Bentley, M. R. Bakrania, R. Wainwright, C.E.J. Watt, & J. K. Sandhu

As Australian schools move towards the twenty-frrst century more attention is being drawn to the professionalism of teachers. This has led to the recent publication of two NBEET reports, Teacher Education in Australia (September 1990) and Australia's Teachers: A Blueprint for the 90's (January 1991). These reports recognise the need for a reconceptualisation and urgent action in regards to the initial training and continuing education of Australia's teachers. Each goes into considerable detail about the need, scope and format of programs of professional development, and each highlights the importance of Employer/Higher Education Institution co-operation in such programs. The La Trobe University College of Northern Victoria and the Bendigo Regional Office of the Victorian Ministry of Education are in the process of developing this co-operation, especially in the post initial teacher education area. Through the Research Centre for Teacher Development at the La Trobe University College of Northern Victoria, a project is underway to develop this process in close consultation with, and the full co-operation of the Loddon Campaspe Mallee Regional Office. This paper reports on the initial outcome. Fifty-eight Primary Replacement Teachers (RTs) responded to a questionnaire regarding their employment status, professional qualifications, days worked in 1989 and 1990, and their in-service involvement and in-service needs. The investigation was undertaken in order to provide local Ministry and University College personnel with information to assist in planning future in-service needs for this particular group of teachers. In Victoria during 1990 the Ministry employed 40,000 teachers in primary, secondary and special schools. There is constantly a pool of 10,000 teachers on leave without pay from the Ministry. During the 1989-90 financial year 14,000 teachers were employed as Replacement Teachers in primary and secondary schools. Some of these Replacement Teachers came from the pool of teachers on leave without pay, but there is still a large group of teachers whose only source of employment is RT work.

Injury rates in running range from 19.4‐79.3%, with injuries at the knee comprising 42.1%. Pronation and altered frontal plane knee joint range of motion have been linked to such injuries. The influence of foot structure on pronation and knee kinematics has not been examined in running. This study examined associations between great toe valgus angle, peak pronation angle and frontal plane range of movement at the knee joint during overground running while barefoot. Great toe valgus angle while standing, and peak pronation angle and frontal plane range of motion of the dominant leg during stance while running barefoot on an indoor track were recorded in fifteen recreational runners. There was a large, negative association between great toe valgus angle and peak pronation angle (r = -0.52, p = 0.04), and a strong positive association between great toe valgus angle and frontal plane range of motion at the knee joint (r = 0.67, p = 0.006). The results suggest that great toe position plays an important role in foot stability and upstream knee-joint motion. The role of forefoot structure as a factor for knee-joint injury has received little attention and could be a fruitful line of enquiry in the exploration of factors underpinning running-related knee injuries.

Research is yet to consider the influence of forefoot structure on forefoot pronation, its interaction with footwear and the ramifications for knee joint loading when performing endurance running (ER). This thesis investigated the relationships between forefoot structure, forefoot pronation, footwear choice, running technique and knee joint loading. \ud Chapter four examined the measurement error of ER kinematics and kinetics within a test session, between sessions on the same day and between two days. Absolute measurement error for all kinematic and kinetic comparisons were ≤7.62° and ≤0.59 Nm·Kg-1 respectively. Results were used to assess habituation to novel footwear conditions and calculate sample size in subsequent studies. \ud Using data from chapter four, chapter five investigated time to habituate in novel running conditions (barefoot, minimal and maximally-cushioned footwear) in a sample of recreational runners. Twentyone minutes was sufficient to establish consistent hip, knee and ankle sagittal plane kinematics, where variability was less than or equal to previously established within-session data. \ud Post habituation, chapter six investigated associations between foot structure, forefoot pronation and peak-knee adduction moment, and the effect of running condition on forefoot pronation. Hallux angle and phalange width accounted for 35% of variance in forefoot pronation (P = 0.029). Results also showed forefoot pronation was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with peak-knee adduction moment (r = -0.57, r = -0.77, r = -0.61, for barefoot, minimal and structured-cushioned shoes, respectively). A medial translation in the centre of pressure was not associated with increased forefoot pronation. Footwear also influenced forefoot pronation. Minimal footwear had greater forefoot pronation compared to barefoot (P = 0.042) and the structured-cushioned condition (P = 0.001). \ud Chapter seven examined the effects of footwear on lower-limb kinematics and kinetics. Compared to barefoot and minimal shoes, a more extended knee and dorsiflexed ankle at initial contact, increased peak-knee flexion moment, and reduced the peak-dorsiflexion moment were observed in maximally-cushioned shoes. An extended lower limb follows previous work that suggests insulation of mechanoreceptors would encourage a running technique that projects the foot more anteriorly to reduce ground contacts for a given distance. These kinematic changes also suggested overstride would increase as participants change from barefoot to maximally-cushioned footwear. Subsequently, chapter eight investigated the effects of footwear on overstride and its association with peak-knee adduction moment. Changing from maximally cushioned, to minimal shoes or barefoot, reduced overstride relative to the hip, whereas overstride relative to the knee decreased from maximally cushioned to barefoot only. Results also showed moderate to strong positive correlations between overstride and peak-knee adduction moment in all running conditions. Findings suggest footwear influences overstride, overstride was associated with peak-knee adduction moment, and reducing overstride might reduce peak-knee adduction moment, a variable associated with injury. \ud Following observed relationships in chapter eight, chapter nine attempted to reduce peak-knee adduction moment. Twelve recreational endurance runners performed either a 30-minute run, or 30 minutes of gait retraining. The intervention had a primary focus on reducing overstride following the reported relationship between overstride and peak-knee adduction moment. Controlling for baseline measures, there was no significant difference between overstride, trunk lean and subsequently peakknee adduction moment. The lack of difference was attributed to the short duration and the acute nature of the coaching session. Similar investigations over a longer period of time are warranted. \ud Collectively, phalange width and hallux angle contributed to forefoot pronation, and forefoot pronation was associated with peak-knee adduction moment when running, a measure associated with injury. This suggests those with compromised forefoot structure, might be at risk of injury, particularly when attempting to run barefoot or in minimal shoes that lack support. As participants changed from barefoot to minimal to maximally-cushioned footwear overstride increased, with medium to strong positive correlations for overstride and peak-knee adduction moment. This suggests runners with a large overstride are likely to be exposed to increased peak-knee adduction moment and potentially injury, and reduced overstride might present a means to reduce injury.

Objective: This thesis reports on the design, development and implementation of a feasibility study to investigate if a tailored exergame could be implemented to improve postural control outcomes for community-dwelling older adult fallers living in the North East of England, UK.\ud \ud Design: This feasibility study was carried out in several phases according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework guidance for complex interventions. Phase 1 consisted of two systematic reviews to identify characteristics to aid in the design, development and implementation of the intervention and subsequent pilot study and also to identify potential outcome measures. This also included a qualitative study of participants’ perspectives using focus groups. Phase 2 consisted of a non-randomised controlled study where participants, recruited from 2 sites, Northumbria University and Gateshead Older Peoples Association (GOPA), were allocated to either one of two intervention groups (exergaming or traditional balance training) or a no exercise control group. The intervention lasted for 6 weeks and outcomes were assessed prior to the start of the intervention and following the final training session. Follow up interviews were conducted with participants and analysed using deductive thematic analysis.\ud \ud Findings: After reviewing the existing evidence, the literature indicated that exergaming interventions were as beneficial as traditional balance interventions, although the evidence for each outcome was of low quality, assessed using the GRADE approach. No intervention had implemented an outcome measure that assessed reactive postural control, verticality or the cognitive influences on postural control, such as the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) and not all components of postural control were trained. Thematically analysed data from 3 focus groups totalling 13 participants, deduced four main themes: 1) attitudes toward technology, 2) consideration of balance and movement, 3) ease of use, and 4) social influence and exergaming. Adults of all ages perceived exergames to be enjoyable, yet, there were perceived barriers in using commercial exergames for older adults and individuals with balance impairments. The nonrandomised pilot intervention took place in Newcastle and Gateshead, UK. Thirty-five participants (10 exergaming, 10 traditional balance training and 10 controls) were included in the study. All four of the progression criteria were met in that 69% of eligible participants were screened and allocated to the intervention with a retention rate of 95.7% for all assessments. Adherence was 100% successful and only 1 adverse event occurred (3%) and did not occur during any of the training or assessment visits. Analysis of interview data from 10 participants (5 exergaming, 5 traditional balance training) following the pilot intervention revealed that older adult fallers accept the use of a tailored exergame (Mira™) as a method to train postural control.\ud \ud Conclusions: A tailored exergaming intervention was successfully implemented and received well by participants, although amendments to the protocol and barriers to future participation for older adult fallers should be considered prior to implementing a future definitive trial.