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The objective of this work is to observe the role of the romantic fragment in the conception of the essay presented by Theodor Adorno in his text produced between 1954 and 1958, published as a preface to Notes on Literature: "The Essay as Form". We will do this by bringing to light the context in which Adorno's notion of the essay is developed and then examining the moment when the relationship between the essay and the fragment is textually established by the philosopher, that is, when the critiques of the rules that comprise Descartes' method, especially the third and fourth rules, are presented. We will also consider Adorno's dialogue with Walter Benjamin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]