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Occupational accidents and illnesses pose a serious public health issue in Brazil. Recognizing this, Brazilian government authorities have acknowledged the need to implement measures to improve environmental work conditions, and equipment control, and promote occupational safety and health. The complexity of workplace health and safety in Brazil is partly due to the country's diverse range of companies, which vary in technological levels, sizes, motivations, resources, and competencies, with the majority being micro and small enterprises (MSEs). This study aims to investigate whether the strategy adopted by Brazil since 2022 to regulate occupational risk management and promote occupational health and safety has been complied with by companies. To achieve this, all notices of violation related to occupational risk management were analyzed from January 2022 to June 2023. In total, 5,547 cases of violations were examined. In total, 5,547 cases of violations were examined. It was concluded that the occupational risk management regulation strategy alone is insufficient, as many companies have not implemented these measures. There is a need to improve labor inspection services. Safety and health regulatory bodies should be strengthened to consistently and thoroughly conduct workplace inspections and ensure compliance with regulations. Additionally, increasing fines for non-compliance with occupational safety and health regulations is imperative. Public policies and interventions encouraging MSEs to adhere to occupational risk management and invest in workplace improvements are essential.

Resumo Introdução: Alterações fisiológicas do envelhecimento contribuem para osteoporose e fraturas relacionadas à baixa concentração sérica de 25(OH)D. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre concentração sérica de 25(OH)D, ingestão de alimentos fonte de vitamina D e cálcio, condições de saúde e presença de osteoporose e fraturas em idosos. Método: Estudo transversal com 274 idosos do Piauí. Realizado em duas etapas: questionário sobre ingestão de alimentos fonte de vitamina D, cálcio e condições de saúde (incluindo a variável desfecho, presença de osteoporose e fraturas) e coleta de sangue para exame bioquímico de concentração sérica de 25(OH)D. Realizou-se análise descritiva, inferencial e regressão logística. Resultados: A maioria dos idosos apresentava comorbidades (86,4%). A prevalência dos desfechos foi de 23,7% e 14,6%, respectivamente. Na análise múltipla, ingerir bebidas alcoólicas (OR=6,58; IC95% 1,88–23) e reposição com cálcio (OR=2,87; IC95% 1,25–6,61) mostraram-se associados às fraturas, enquanto sexo feminino (OR=5,69; IC95% 1,12–28,9) e reposição com cálcio (OR=5,62; IC95% 1,62–19,5) mostraram-se associados à osteoporose. As maiores medianas de 25(OH)D foram encontradas naqueles que consumiam queijo e iogurte regularmente (p=0,021). Conclusão: A análise das concentrações séricas de 25(OH)D apontou insuficiência, indicando a necessidade de intervenções para a mudança do estilo de vida.

Introdução: A dermatite atópica (DA) é uma doença inflamatória que apresenta lesões agudas características na pele, em que o principal colonizador é Staphylococcus aureus. A colonização por S. aureus, especialmente por cepas virulentas, leva a uma ampliação da doença, sendo um fator de complicação. Esta bactéria é capaz de produzir delta-toxina, contribuindo para a intensidade dos sintomas. Objetivo: Determinar a colonização por S. aureus de crianças e adolescentes e seus respectivos cuidadores e relacionar o agravamento da DA com colonização ou possíveis reinfecções ocasionadas pelo cuidador. Método: A pesquisa foi realizada em pacientes nos ambulatórios de Pediatria e Dermatologia do Centro Universitário FMABC, num período de 18 meses. Foram coletados swabs de amostras de sítios inguinal, nasal e de lesões (se presentes). Os swabs foram cultivados por métodos clássicos e os isolados de S. aureus foram submetidos à detecção de delta-toxina. O projeto foi aprovado pelo CEP (Parecer 1.474.976). Resultados: O estudo foi feito com 124 indivíduos (62 pacientes e 62 cuidadores). Observou-se que a taxa de colonização de S. aureus nos pacientes foi de 77,4% (48/62) e 41,9% (26/62) nos cuidadores. Entre os 24 pacientes que possuem DA grave, 75,0% eram colonizados, obtendo-se 15 resultados positivos para colonização no sítio nasal, 10 no inguinal e 13 na lesão de pele. Dentre os 10 pacientes com DA moderada 100% eram colonizados, sendo 8 resultados positivos para colonização no sítio nasal, 5 no inguinal e 4 na lesão. Entre os cuidadores, 41,9% foram colonizados pelo S aureus, sendo 19 resultados positivos para o sítio nasal e 16 para o sítio inguinal. Além disso, a presença da produção de delta-toxina nos isolados de S. aureus foi de 28,6% nos pacientes com DA grave ou moderada e 17,5% nos cuidadores. Logo, do total de isolados de S. aureus obtidos a partir de amostras de pacientes. Conclusão: Observou-se a colonização da maioria dos pacientes com DA e de seus cuidadores por diferentes cepas de S. aureus, incluindo cepas produtoras de delta toxina. É possível que a presença desta enzima seja um importante gatilho para agravamento da DA. Vale ressaltar também que a pesquisa da colonização, não só nos pacientes mas também em seus respectivos cuidadores, é de grande relevância pois os cuidadores podem ser uma importante fonte de recolonização ou reinfecção das crianças e adolescentes com DA, proporcionando um agravamento da doença e uso frequente de antimicrobianos.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that spirituality improves patient outcomes, however, this has undergone only limited evaluation in randomized trials. Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objectives: To evaluate whether a spirituality-based intervention, compared to a control group, can reduce blood pressure (BP) and improve endothelial function after 12 weeks in patients with mild or moderate hypertension (HTN). Methods: Open randomized controlled trial of adults with stage I or II hypertension. Following baseline evaluation, including lifestyle questionnaires, and measurements of office and central blood pressure (BP), home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) and flow mediated dilation (FMD), patients were randomized to a spirituality-based intervention, which included training for forgiveness, gratitude, optimism, and life purpose delivered by daily WhatsApp communications, or to the control group (CG). Main outcomes were between group difference in change from baseline to 12 weeks in office and central BP, HBPM and FMD, using t-tests, analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for baseline differences, and, in addition, missing data imputation as a sensitivity analysis. Results: Fifty-one patients were randomized to spirituality-based intervention and 49 to control group. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between groups. Spirituality training, compared with control, improved 7.6 mmHg office systolic blood pressure (SBP), 4.1 mmHg central SBP and 4.1 percentage points FMD. Compared to control group, t-test demonstrated statistical significance for office SBP (–7.04 mmHg, p = 0.047) and FMD (7.46 percentage points, p < 0.001), and ANCOVA adjustment for baseline differences showed statistical significance for central SBP (–6.99 mmHg, p = 0.038) and FFMD (7.95 percentage points, p < 0.001) There was no significant effect on HBPM. Conclusion: A spirituality-based intervention was associated with improved control of office SBP and FMD. These findings will be prospectively evaluated in a nationwide larger and well-powered RCT.

ABSTRACT Introduction: 3-dimensional printing has enabled the development of unique and affordable additive manufacturing, including the prototyping and production of surgical forceps. Objective: demonstrate the development, 3D printing and mechanical-functional validation of a laparoscopic grasping forceps. Methods: the clamp was designed using a computer program and printed in 3 dimensions with polylactic acid (PLA) filament and added 5 screws for better leverage. Size and weight measurements were carried out, as well as mechanicalfunctional grip and rotation tests in the laboratory with a validated simulator. Results: Called “Easylap”, the clamp weighed 48 grams, measured 43cm and was printed in 8 pieces, taking an average of 12 hours to produce. It allowed the simulation of the functional characteristics of laparoscopic pressure forceps, in addition to the rotation and rack locking mechanism. However, its strength is reduced due to the material used. Conclusion: It is possible to develop plastic laparoscopic grasping forceps through 3-dimensional printing.

Objective: To identify the learning needs of undergraduate nursing students about patient safety and medication safety. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, developed from March 2019 to December 2020, with a non-probabilistic and intentional sample consisting of 45 undergraduate nursing students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There was a predominance of female students (73.3%) with family income between 1 and 2 minimum wages. All confirmed having access to the internet, with a daily frequency of use by participants (93.3%). The smartphone was the most used device to access the internet (77.8%), with the home being the predominant place of access (80.0%). Regarding the learning needs about patient safety and medication safety, the classification “essential” stood out among the evaluated questions. Conclusion: The main identified learning needs of the participants were: working effectively as part of a team, understanding the systems and the effect of the complexity of patient care and defining the key concepts. In addition to that, there were weaknesses in differentiating between common terms in the medication administration process.

Resumo Objetivo Validar o conteúdo do roteiro de um recurso audiovisual para pessoas vivendo com HIV. Métodos Estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa, norteado pelo referencial teórico metodológico da psicometria. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por juízes especialistas na área temática usando a técnica Delphi. A amostra foi composta por 22 juízes na primeira análise de validação e sete juízes na segunda análise. Resultados Todos domínios analisados apresentaram coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC) >0,80, com CVC total (CVCt) de 0,96, consistência interna quase perfeita, Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988, ICC de 0,982 [IC95% 0,969-0,991] e p

AbstractGlobal power shifts have led to pressure to adjust the rules of global trade governance to new realities. In this context, we look at changing norms on how to deal with inequality between countries in global trade governance. Treating countries in different economic conditions differently has been a common feature of the world trade regime since the mid-1960s, classifying countries either as ‘developed’ or ‘developing’. This paper asks how the normative underpinnings of differential treatment of developing countries have changed in the trade regime in light of global power shifts. Existing studies focus exclusively on World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and neglect other cases of global trade governance. To counteract this bias, we compare (possible) changes in differentiation in the multilateral WTO and in selected unilateral Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) schemes (1995–2020). Based on our conceptual framework that captures four possibilities of normative change, we show that norm resilience prevails in the WTO and norm modification in the GSP case. This suggests that while norms on how to deal with inequality in global trade governance are changing in light of global power shifts, these changes remain uneven and differ across negotiation venues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective: Semantically validate an educational technology with the caregiver of children and adolescents undergoing chemotherapy. Method: Methodological study, with a quantitative approach, guided by the theoretical framework of psychometry, developed between March and April 2022, with nine caregivers of children and adolescents undergoing chemotherapy. Educational technology is a digital animation film about the pediatric chemotherapy treatment process, used as a tool for health education. Results: In the reliability assessment, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.936 [95%CI 0.868-0.984] with p < 0.05 and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.943, demonstrating satisfactory internal consistency. Regarding the semantic analysis, the domains related to objectives, organization, language, appearance, and motivation showed an agreement rate above 80%. Conclusion: Educational technology showed satisfactory rates, proving to be a valid, reliable, and important instrument to be used by caregivers of children and adolescents undergoing chemotherapy.

The expressive communication of 15 young Brazilian children with cerebral visual impairments and developmental disabilities including cerebral palsy was examined using the Portuguese parent version of the Communication Matrix. Results indicate that these children demonstrated pre-intentional, intentional, unconventional, and conventional communication behaviors to express refusal, requests, and social communication functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26694/reufpi.v5i3.5082 Objetivo: descrever a experiência de intervenções educativas realizadas com grupo de hipertensos de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Picos-PI/Brasil. Metodologia: relato de experiência resultado da implementação de intervenções educativas desenvolvidas entre os meses de outubro e novembro de 2015, por meio de ações grupais direcionadas aos hipertensos, sendo realizados cinco encontros. Resultados: a experiência evidenciou a satisfação dos hipertensos em participar de estratégias educativas como esta, no entanto houve baixa adesão, tendo em vista a grande representatividade dos mesmos na área adstrita a Unidade Básica de Saúde, na qual as práticas foram desenvolvidas, fazendo-se necessárias estratégias que propiciem a maior adesão dessa comunidade as ações de educação em saúde. Os profissionais de saúde precisam ser mais sensibilizados a valorizar e aprimorar suas práticas pedagógicas, visando a disseminação do conhecimento e sensibilização da comunidade. Conclusão: estratégias de educação são fundamentais ao tratamento de pessoas com doenças crônicas, em especial a hipertensão, pois disseminam o conhecimento necessário ao manejo da doença, favorecendo a minimização de complicações, além do aumento da qualidade e expectativa de vida.

The study of populism's international links has grown significantly. Yet, there are gaps in conceptualizing potential implications for the international order. Our study contributes to filling this gap by asking: if a 'populist international order' (PIO) were to emerge, and populists could envision the world close(r) to their liking, what would this order look like? We pursue answers through a plausibility probe of three deductively-derived normative pillars: 1) cooperation under a PIO is characterized by more fractured, mostly symbolic, small-scale multilateralism; 2) a PIO relies on a narrow, selective embrace of the rule of law, to be respected only when seen as representing the wishes of the 'real people'; and 3) the commitment to pluralism in 'international society' is replaced by an anti-pluralist, monolithic notion of popular sovereignty as the primary behavioural driver. Our analysis is based on contemporary populist leadership from Latin America: Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro, Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro and Mexico's Andrés Manuel López Obrador. We examine how these populists have addressed our proposed PIO pillars in different ways and shaped their world-order visions in relation to them. The lessons derived from this study can contribute to bridging gaps regarding the effects of global populism in International Relations, including prospects of mitigating the systemic impact of populism on the international order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artigo tem por fim compreender as relações entre o pensamento de Walter Benjamin com um dos objetos mais discutidos na produção acerca da história da História, a Escola dos Annales. Para tanto, propõese compreender o debate a partir de dois caminhos: num primeiro momento, a partir de uma perspectiva historiográfica onde se discutirão as metamorfoses vividas pela História enquanto possibilidade de conhecimento do Homem e do mundo e, em seguida, estabelece-se uma abordagem filosófica de base benjaminiana sobre as mudanças do mundo contemporâneo. Relaciona-se, por fim, os dois momentos anteriormente apontados com vistas a perceber as influências do pensamento do filósofo em questão no ajustamento da História frente às novas perspectivas teóricometodológicas surgidas no seio da ciência de Clio.

Purpose – This paper evaluates the influence of the institutional environment on the extent of social and environmental disclosure of companies from institutionally distant countries. Design/methodology/approach – We analyze basic materials, oil and gas, and public utility companies with shares traded on the Brazilian stock exchange (BM&FBovespa) and Canadian stock exchange (Toronto Stock Exchange) from 2007 to 2015. Quantitative methods are adopted through descriptive statistics and panel data analysis. The econometric modeling considers environmental and social disclosure as dependent variables, independent variables that represent the political, financial, educational and labor systems, and firm size, ROA, and indebtedness as control variables. Findings – In the case of the companies operating in Brazil, the extent of environmental and social disclosure is positively related to the political and labor systems, and negatively related to the financial system. In Canada, disclosure is negatively influenced by the financial system and the education system. The control variables, which represent characteristics of financial performance, were not significant. Originality/value – The study shows that isomorphic forces operate in the institutional field and affect the adoption of socially responsible behavior. By basing the study on institutionally distinct countries, such as Brazil and Canada, it reinforces the influence of the national business system on the extent of disclosure of environmental and social practices.

There is significant and growing interest in better understanding hierarchy in the international system, especially in relation to intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). Acknowledging the existence of hierarchy in a system implies that there are different social positions (higher/lower), but not why or how a specific differentiation came to be used, nor how it is structured, contested or resolved. This article is interested in contributing to these questions, particularly in the context of heterarchical settings (where more than one hierarchy is present), which is also not fully understood. It uses the first years of the International Labour Organization (ILO) as a springboard to reflect upon hierarchy within the so-called 'civilized' group of countries in the immediate aftermath of World War I. This IGO was the first to (1) introduce statistical data to rank countries, with criteria designed to 'objectively' gauge industrial power and (2) establish a geographic allocation of countries in its main decision-making body's structure. Non-European countries and non-great powers had critical roles in establishing these novel ways of dealing with hierarchies and their institutional design in IGOs. One hundred years later, these discussions still resonate with several ongoing cases of contestation in IGOs over 'fair' hierarchical structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The division of the world into 'developing' and 'developed' countries has grown increasingly problematic in the past decades. Nonetheless, it remains embedded in legal documents, foreign policy discourse, and colloquial use. This paper explores this complexity by unpacking the different ways in which the 'developing' label is used in the international system. It argues that understanding the complexity around its use requires a rigorous analysis of the label's diverse meanings and consequences. This is done by introducing a taxonomy that intersects two elements: (1) the source of the classification (External or Internal) and (2) the kind of hierarchy implied in the classification (Narrow or Broad). This two-by-two matrix generates four approaches in which the 'developing' vs 'developed' dichotomy is used: Technocratic, Elective, Northern Gaze, and Southern Solidarity. Each approach is explored empirically, illustrated by cases connected to international organizations and multilateral treaties. In doing so, the paper teases out the underlying reasons why the use of the dichotomy is so challenging, based on what kinds of contestation it generates, and which actors are pushing for demise or longevity (and where). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En este trabajo se presenta el diseño e implementación de un modelo basado en un dispositivo que contiene elementos de control digital e integra un sistema automático de detección y diagnóstico de fallas que puede ser usado como herramienta para la orientación de los operarios durante la presencia de una falla potencial. Este sistema se fundamenta en el control digital bajo la implementación de una tarjeta de adquisición de datos (DAQ) y un software aplicativo programable. Con la realización de este estudio se hace un aporte al desarrollo del mantenimiento productivo total y su alcance va dirigido a contribuir significativamente en el mantenimiento autónomo.