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Introdução: A tuberculose (TB) é uma das infecções que mais causa mortes em dimensão mundial, sendo a 3° relacionada com patologias respiratórias. No Amazonas, a prevalência ainda é significativa. O causador dessa doença é o Mycobacterium tuberculosis e esta é considerada um agravo de saúde pública. A TB afeta prioritariamente os pulmões, embora possa acometer outros órgãos e/ou sistemas. A importância deste estudo deve-se à exiguidade bibliográfica acerca da temática, principalmente, quando se trata do aumento do acometimento do Bacilo de Koch na região Norte do país. Objetivo: Realizar a análise quantitativa de indivíduos com tuberculose por forma clínica no período de 2019 a 2023 em Manaus, Amazonas. Método: Fora delineado um estudo descritivo, transversal, com coleta retrospectiva de dados dos casos notificados de Tuberculose de todas as formas clínicas, em indivíduos de todas as idades, no período de 2019 a 2023, no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), com busca e coleta concomitante no Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM). Resultados: : No período deste estudo, foram diagnosticados e notificados 2.019 casos de tuberculose, com 34 (1,7%) óbitos, o que corresponde a uma taxa de letalidade de 1,7%. Dentre estes casos, 1.247 (61,7%) apresentaram-se na forma pulmonar, 245(12,1%) na forma extrapulmonar e 527 (26,1%) nas formas pulmonar e extrapulmonar simultaneamente. Em relação à coinfecção TB+Hiv/AIDS foram registrados 1.774 (87,8%) casos, desses, 15 evoluíram ao óbito, correspondendo a uma taxa de letalidade de 0,8%. O ano de maior registro foi 2023 com 470 (23%) casos e 2020 o menor, com 358 (18%) casos. Conclusão: Houve um aumento significativo dos casos no ano de 2023 em relação ao ano de 2022. Notou-se que no ano de 2020, durante o período da pandemia do COVID-19, houve uma redução significativa de notificações em relação à 2019. Notou-se, ainda que a forma pulmonar foi a mais notória em todos os anos. Observou-se que 100% de pacientes com coinfecção TB/HIV evoluíram para a Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (Aids). Os achados deste estudo ratificam a relevância dos levantamentos epidemiológicos de forma contínua e sistemática para melhor entendimento dos aspectos biológicos do bacilo e das abordagens clínicas na vigilância de doenças com grande potência de disseminação, como é o caso da tuberculose.

Seismicity induced by fluid perturbations became an important societal concern since felt earthquakes (Mw up to 6) occurred after anthropogenic activities. In order to mitigate the risks associated with undesired seismicity, as well as to be able to use the micro-seismicity as a probe for in-depth investigation of fluid-driven processes, it is of crucial importance to understand the links between seismicity, fluid pressure and flow. We have developed a series of in-situ, decameter-scale experiments of fault zone reactivation by controlled fluid injection, in order to improve the near-source geophysical and hydromechanical observations. The deployed geophysical monitoring close to the injection allows one to cover the full frequency range of the fault responses from the static deformation to the very high-frequency seismic emissions (up to 4 kHz). Here, we focus on the microseismicity (Mw ∼ –4 to –3) recorded during two fluid injection experiments in low-permeable shale and highly-fractured limestone formations. In both experiments, the spatio-temporal distribution of the seismic events, the energy balance, and the seismic velocity changes of the fractured medium show that most of the deformation does not actually emit seismic signals. The induced deformation is mainly aseismic. Based on these high-resolution multiparametric observations in the near-field, we therefore proposed a new model for injection-induced seismicity: the seismicity is not directly induced by the increasing fluid pressure, but it is rather triggered by the stress perturbations transferred from the aseismic motion caused by the injection.

The Mediterranean region is distinguished by its gastronomic diversity and a wide variety of indigenous nut crops. In line with changing global food consumers' preferences, a noteworthy aspect is the increasing demand to the use of local varieties in recipe formulation. The aim of the present study was to incorporate the Terra Fria chestnut (Portugal) and Negreta hazelnut from Reus (Spain) in traditional Mediterranean recipes. The sensory, technofunctional, nutritional, and shelf‐life characterization were investigated in hazelnut omelette (gluten and gluten‐free) and chestnut pudding (sugar and sugar‐free) formulations. Results conducted by trained assessors using the free choice profiling (FCP) showed that hazelnut omelette samples were described as "creamy," "smooth," and "handmade." In addition, the texture obtained with the hazelnut omelette gluten‐free version showed the softest textural profile analysis attributes, with lower values for hardness (2.43 ± 0.36 N), adhesiveness (−0.38 ± 0.00 g s) and gumminess (2.12 ± 0.14). Furthermore, the shelf‐life studies revealed a more golden color (>14.43 of a* CIELAB coordinate) and a lower moisture content (25.36%–43.59%) in the hazelnut flour formulation, in addition to the enrichment in terms of protein (8.36 g/100 g), fiber, and healthy fats. In the case of chestnut pudding, it was observed that the study parameters did not differ significantly from its sweetened analogue with positive attributes in FCP ("toasted," "fluffy," and "sweet"), positioning it as a viable alternative to sugar in this application. Therefore, both hazelnut flour in hazelnut omelette and oligofructose in chestnut pudding proved to be promising ingredients in the formulation of gluten‐free and sugar‐free developed products, offering attractive organoleptic and textural characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early views of glia as relatively inert, housekeeping cells have evolved, and glia are now recognized as dynamic cells that not only respond to neuronal activity but also sense metabolic changes and regulate neuronal metabolism. This evolution has been aided in part by technical advances permitting progressively better spatial and temporal resolution. Recent advances in cell-type specific genetic manipulation and sub-cellular metabolic probes promise to further this evolution by enabling study of metabolic interactions between intertwined fine neuronal and glial processes in vivo. Views of glia in disease processes have also evolved. Long considered purely reactive, glia and particularly microglia are now seen to play active roles in both promoting and limiting brain injury. At the same time, established concepts of glial energetics are now being linked to areas such as learning and neural network function, topics previously considered far removed from glial biology.

An increase in fluid pressure in faults can trigger seismicity and large aseismic motions. Understanding how fluid and faults interact is an essential goal for seismic hazard and reservoir monitoring, but this key relation remains unclear. We developed an in situ experiment of fluid injections at a 10 meter scale. Water was injected at high pressure in different geological structures inside a fault damaged zone, in limestone at 280 m depth in the Low Noise Underground Laboratory (France). Induced seismicity, as well as strains, pressure, and flow rate, was continuously monitored during the injections. Although nonreversible deformations related to fracture reactivations were observed for all injections, only a few tests generated seismicity. Events are characterized by a 0.5-to-4 kHz content and a small magnitude (approximately −3.5). They are located within 1.5 m accuracy between 1 and 12 m from the injections. Comparing strain measurements and seismicity shows that more than 96% of the deformation is aseismic. The seismic moment is also small compared to the one expected from the injected volume. Moreover, a dual seismic behavior is observed as (1) the spatiotemporal distribution of some cluster of events is clearly independent from the fluid diffusion (2) while a diffusion-type pattern can be observed for some others clusters. The seismicity might therefore appear as an indirect effect to the fluid pressure, driven by aseismic motion and related stress perturbation transferred through failure.

Fluid pressure plays an important role in the stability of tectonic faults. However, the in situ mechanical response of faults to fluid pressure variations is still poorly known. To address this question, we performed a fluid injection experiment in a fault zone in shales while monitoring fault movements at the injection source and seismic velocity variations from a near-distance (

Clay formations are present in reservoirs and earthquake faults, but questions remain on their mechanical behavior, as they can vary from ductile (aseismic) to brittle (seismic). An experiment, at a scale of 10 m, aims to reactivate a natural fault by fluid pressure in shale materials. The injection area was surrounded by a dense monitoring network comprising pressure, deformation, and seismicity sensors, in a well-characterized geological setting. Thirty-two microseismic events were recorded during several injection phases in five different locations within the fault zone. Their computed magnitude ranged between −4.3 and −3.7. Their spatiotemporal distribution, compared with the measured displacement at the injection points, shows that most of the deformation induced by the injection is aseismic. Whether the seismicity is controlled by the fault architecture, mineralogy of fracture filling, fluid, and/or stress state is then discussed. The fault damage zone architecture and mineralogy are of crucial importance, as seismic slip mainly localizes on the sealed-with-calcite fractures which predominate in the fault damage zone. As no seismicity is observed in the close vicinity of the injection areas, the presence of fluid seems to prevent seismic slips. The fault core acts as an impermeable hydraulic barrier that favors fluid confinement and pressurization. Therefore, the seismic behavior seems to be strongly sensitive to the structural heterogeneity (including permeability) of the fault zone, which leads to a heterogeneous stress response to the pressurized volume.