1. PD-1/PD-L1 axis: implications in immune regulation, cancer progression, and translational applications.
- Author
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Ortega MA, Boaru DL, De Leon-Oliva D, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Rios L, Garrido-Gil MJ, Barrena-Blázquez S, Minaya-Bravo AM, Rios-Parra A, Álvarez-Mon M, Jiménez-Álvarez L, López-González L, Guijarro LG, Diaz R, and Saez MA
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Signal Transduction, Disease Progression, Immunomodulation, Translational Research, Biomedical, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms metabolism, Neoplasms pathology, B7-H1 Antigen metabolism, B7-H1 Antigen immunology, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor metabolism, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor immunology, Tumor Microenvironment immunology
- Abstract
The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is a complex signaling pathway that has an important role in the immune system cells. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) acts as an immune checkpoint on the T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and myeloid cells. Its ligand, the programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1), is expressed in the surface of the antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The binding of both promotes the downregulation of the T cell response to ensure the activation to prevent the onset of chronic immune inflammation. This axis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) performs a crucial role in the tumor progression and the escape of the tumor by neutralizing the immune system, the engagement of PD-L1 with PD-1 in the T cell causes dysfunctions, neutralization, and exhaustion, providing the tumor mass production. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of the PD-1/PD-L1 system in immune function, cancer, and the potential therapeutic implications of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for cancer management., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
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