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Several cognitive behavioral therapy-based treatments have been joined by Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS). This intervention was developed for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The aim was to explore the effects of On-line STEPPS on the impulsivity and self-destructive behaviors of women with BPD. In this quasi-experimental study, forty women with BPD were included and assigned to control and intervention groups. The data were collected by using Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS) and Self-destructive Behaviors questionnaire. Both the paired sample t test and ANCOVA were also employed to analyze the data. Seventeen patients with a mean age of 27 years (SD = 4.22), completed the 20-week intervention. There were no significant differences between completers and dropouts in terms of age and the scores of BIS and Self-destructive Behaviors questionnaire. STEPPS program significantly reduced the total scores of the BIS subscales and Self-destructive Behaviors questionnaire in the intervention group (P < 0.001). When the intervention and control groups were compared, the post-test score of attentional impulsiveness was significantly decreased (P = 031/0) in interventional group, but the scores of other subscales of impulsiveness and Self-destructive Behaviors questionnaire were not significantly different (p > 0.05). This study demonstrated the successful implementation of the Online STEPPS program in decreasing attentional impulsiveness in women with BPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Parkinson's disease (PD), impulsivity as a personality trait may be linked to the risk of developing impulse control disorders (ICDs) during dopaminergic therapy. However, studies evaluating differences in trait impulsivity between patients with PD and healthy controls or between patients with PD with and without ICDs reported partly inconsistent findings. Objectives: We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) of studies comparing Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS‐11) scores between patients with PD and healthy controls and between patients with PD with and without ICDs. Methods: Eligible studies were identified through a systematic search in 3 databases. Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BIS‐11 total and subscale scores were separately calculated for studies comparing patients with PD and healthy controls and patients with PD with and without ICDs. Meta‐regressions were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity (percentage of men, age, disease duration, and levodopa equivalent daily dose). Results: A total of 40 studies were included in the quantitative analyses. BIS‐11 total scores were significantly higher in patients with PD compared with healthy controls (mean difference 2.43; 95% CI, 1.03, 3.83), and in patients with PD with active ICDs compared with patients without ICDs (6.62; 95% CI, 5.01, 8.23). No significant moderators emerged by meta‐regression analyses. Conclusions: The present meta‐analysis supports that impulsivity, as a personality trait, may characterize patients with PD, even in the absence of ICDs. Moreover, these data corroborate findings of clinical studies reporting higher levels of trait impulsivity in PD patients with ICDs compared with patients without ICDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, research on suicide behavior has not included those experiencing first episode psychosis (FEP), hindering prevention efforts for this population. Emotion dysregulation and impulsivity represent two mechanisms that contribute to suicide, but these have not been examined in FEP. We hypothesize that the combination of trait impulsivity and childhood emotion dysregulation are associated with suicide behavior (SB) and ideation (SI) in those experiencing FEP. Participants were recruited from an Early Psychosis Program (N=80, ages 12-32, 65% male). Clinician ratings of symptoms and history of SI and SB were obtained at baseline. Participants also completed self-report measures of childhood emotion dysregulation and trait impulsivity. Regression analyses examined whether childhood emotion dysregulation and trait impulsivity individually or in combination were associated with SI and SB, and the severity of SI and SB. Childhood emotion dysregulation was significantly associated with a history of SB and its severity, but not SI. Attention impulsivity was associated with the severity of SI. However, other impulsivity types, and interactions were not associated with a history of SI or SB. This suggests childhood emotion dysregulation is a potential target for prevention of SB in FEP, while trait impulsivity may be less important in this effort.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Sport and physical activity have been shown to play a major role in the development of cognition, memory, selective attention, and motor reaction time, especially among adolescents with ADHD. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a swimming exercise program on the symptoms of ADHD in an adult with a diagnosis since childhood. The training intervention was performed for eight weeks, and the results demonstrated that the swimming–learning program significantly alleviated the symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, as measured by the psychometric indices used in the study. Further studies are needed to establish and understand the association between physical activities and improved mental performance in adults with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factor analyses suggest that impulsivity traits that capture tendencies to act prematurely or take risks tap partially distinct constructs. We applied genomic structure equation modeling to evaluate the genetic factor structure of two well-established impulsivity questionnaires, using published statistics from genome-wide association studies of up to 22,861 participants. We also tested the hypotheses that delay discounting would be genetically separable from other impulsivity factors and that emotionally triggered facets of impulsivity (urgency) would be those most strongly genetically correlated with an internalizing latent factor. A five-factor model best fitted the impulsivity data. Delay discounting was genetically distinct from these five factors. As expected, the two urgency subscales were most strongly related to an internalizing-psychopathology latent factor. These findings provide empirical genetic evidence that impulsivity can be broken down into distinct categories of differential relevance for internalizing psychopathology. They also demonstrate how measured genetic markers can be used to inform theories of psychology and personality.

Introduction: The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a self-administered instrument designed to assess the personality/behavioural construct of impulsiveness. Impulsiveness has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study assesses the progression of impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD after an 8-week dietary intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, by using a version of the 11-item BIS adapted for children (BIS-11c). Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 60 children with ADHD from the region of Madrid, Spain. Participants were divided into 4 groups, with one control group and 3 intervention groups (Mediterranean diet; omega-3 supplementation; and Mediterranean diet plus omega-3 supplementation). A personalised Mediterranean diet was designed for members of groups 2 and 4. The BIS-11c was administered to determine the level of impulsiveness, and the KIDMED test was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Results: The supplementation group showed a fairly significant decrease in the total BIS-11c (P = .049). Total cognitive score slightly decreased in the diet and supplementation groups. Only the control group showed a considerable decrease in the total motor score. Total nonplanning scores were lower in all groups after the intervention. Baseline and final BIS-11c scores were positively correlated with treatments (r > 0.9). Conclusion: An intake of 550 mg EPA fatty acid and 225 mg DHA fatty acid per day for 8 weeks is associated with less marked impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD. A Mediterranean diet may improve BIS scores, although our results are not conclusive in this population. Resumen: Introducción: La Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt (BIS) es un instrumento de autoinforme diseñado para evaluar la construcción de personalidad y comportamiento de la impulsividad. La impulsividad se ha asociado con varios trastornos psiquiátricos, como el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH). Este estudio evalúa el progreso de la conducta de impulsividad en niños con TDAH después de una intervención dietética de 8 semanas con dieta mediterránea y/o suplemento de ácidos grasos omega-3, mediante el uso de la BIS-11 adaptada para niños (BIS-11c). Métodos: Este estudio transversal incluyó a 60 niños españoles con TDAH de la provincia de Madrid, España. Los participantes se dividieron en 4 grupos, un grupo de control (G1) y 3 grupos de intervención (dieta mediterránea [G2], suplemento de omega-3 [G3] y dieta mediterránea + suplemento de omega-3 [G4]). Se diseñó una dieta mediterránea personalizada para los grupos 2 y 4. Se administró BIS-11c para determinar los niveles de impulsividad y se usó el KIDMED para evaluar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Resultados: El grupo Suplemento mostró una caída bastante significativa (p = 0.049) en la puntuación total de Barratt después del seguimiento. La puntuación cognitiva total disminuyó ligeramente en los grupos de Dieta y Suplemento. Solo el grupo Control tuvo una disminución notable con respecto a la puntuación total de la impulsividad motora. Las puntuaciones totales de ‘falta de planificación’ fueron menores en todos los grupos tras la intervención. Las asociaciones entre las puntuaciones iniciales y finales del BIS-11c y los tratamientos presentaron una correlación positiva (r > 0,9). Conclusión: Una ingesta de 550 mg de EPA y 225 mg de DHA por día durante 8 semanas se asocia con niveles más bajos de conductas impulsivas en niños con TDAH. Un patrón dietético mediterráneo podría mejorar las puntuaciones de la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt, pero los resultados de este estudio no son concluyentes en esta población.

Individual differences in self-control predict many health and life outcomes. Building on twin literature, we used genomic structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that genetic influences on executive function and impulsivity predict independent variance in mental health and other outcomes. The impulsivity factor (comprising urgency, lack of premeditation, and other facets) was only modestly genetically correlated with low executive function ( r g =.13). Controlling for impulsivity, low executive function was genetically associated with increased internalizing ( β g =.15), externalizing ( β g =.13), thought disorders ( β g =.38), compulsive disorders ( β g =.22), and chronotype ( β g =.11). Controlling for executive function, impulsivity was positively genetically associated with internalizing ( β g =.36), externalizing ( β g =.55), body mass index ( β g =.26), and insomnia ( β g =.35), and negatively genetically associated with compulsive disorders ( β g = -.17). Executive function and impulsivity were both genetically correlated with general cognitive ability and educational attainment. This work suggests that executive function and impulsivity are genetically separable and show independent associations with mental health., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest P.F and S.L.E. are employed by and hold stock or stock options in 23andMe, Inc. The other authors report no conflict of interest.

Abstract Background Impulsivity is associated with several psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders (SUD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A widely used questionnaire to assess impulsivity is the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and the aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the BIS (swe-BIS). Methods The original BIS was translated to Swedish and back-translated by an authorized translator. The swe-BIS was administered to healthy controls (n = 113), patients with alcohol use disorder (n = 97), amphetamine use disorder (n = 37) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD; n = 26). A subset of subjects (n = 62) completed the swe-BIS twice within 1 week. Psychometric evaluation of the swe-BIS included assessment of different indices of reliability (internal consistency, test-retest and agreement) and validity (response processess, divergent and convergent). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to assess several indices of model fit in five different models based on previously suggested subscales. Results Cronbach’s alpha for all swe-BIS items in the full sample was 0.89, ranging from 0.78–0.87 within the different subgroups. The Pearson test-retest correlation for total score was 0.78 (p

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Sport and physical activity have been shown to play a major role in the development of cognition, memory, selective attention, and motor reaction time, especially among adolescents with ADHD. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a swimming exercise program on the symptoms of ADHD in an adult with a diagnosis since childhood. The training intervention was performed for eight weeks, and the results demonstrated that the swimming–learning program significantly alleviated the symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, as measured by the psychometric indices used in the study. Further studies are needed to establish and understand the association between physical activities and improved mental performance in adults with ADHD.

Introduction: The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a questionnaire employed to measure impulsivity, which is associated with risky behaviors and mental disorders. We aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the BIS in the Italian general population and provide normative data for clinical use. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey methodology was employed to collect data. Then, 534 participants of different ages and educational levels completed the BIS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and S-UPPS-P. We designed an ad hoc data-driven outcome checklist to identify which items deserved to be retained. Furthermore, internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and factorial structure were evaluated. A regression-based procedure was used to explore the influence of demographic variables on the BIS score and to provide adjusting factors and a sensitive cutoff. Results: Item analysis suggested removing 15 items. Consequently, we tested the psychometric properties of a shorter version of the BIS (BIS-15). IRT test information functions indicated an almost identical measurement precision of the BIS-15 as compared to the original BIS. The BIS-15 demonstrated reliable internal consistency and good convergent and divergent validity. The PCA revealed a four-factor solution: "pure impulsivity," "planning and thinking," "lack of attention and concentration," and "impulsive buying." A significant effect of sex and years of education was found. Norms for the adjustment of raw scores were provided (cutoff = 37.39). Conclusions: The BIS-15 showed almost identical psychometric properties as compared with the original scale, reducing the administration time. Our norms may allow identifying individuals with impulsivity of clinical interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA) shares some clinical characteristics with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), in which impulsivity traits have been described. Aim of the study was to evaluate whether EMA patients could present a peculiar behavioural profile.Methods: Patients with EMA, JME and healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Subjects with intellectual quotient <80 were excluded from the study. All the enrolled subjects underwent the Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the three dimensions of impulsivity (motor, attentional-cognitive and nonplanning impulsivity) were considered.Results: Seventeen patients with EMA (12 females [70.6%], age 30.8±10 years), 29 patients with JME (17 females [58.6%], age 29.1±9.7 years) and 31 HCs (15 females [48.4%], age 27.6±5.8 years) were enrolled. Both EMA and JME patients presented a borderline significantly higher BIS total score than HCs (p=0.064). EMA patients presented a significantly higher BIS nonplanning subscore than JME patients and HCs (p=0.001).Conclusion: The study showed the presence of peculiar behavioral characteristics in EMA patients, slightly different from patients with JME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Impulsivity is associated with several psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders (SUD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A widely used questionnaire to assess impulsivity is the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and the aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the BIS (swe-BIS). Methods: The original BIS was translated to Swedish and back-translated by an authorized translator. The swe-BIS was administered to healthy controls (n = 113), patients with alcohol use disorder (n = 97), amphetamine use disorder (n = 37) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD; n = 26). A subset of subjects (n = 62) completed the swe-BIS twice within 1 week. Psychometric evaluation of the swe-BIS included assessment of different indices of reliability (internal consistency, test-retest and agreement) and validity (response processess, divergent and convergent). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to assess several indices of model fit in five different models based on previously suggested subscales. Results: Cronbach's alpha for all swe-BIS items in the full sample was 0.89, ranging from 0.78–0.87 within the different subgroups. The Pearson test-retest correlation for total score was 0.78 (p < 0.001), with greater test-retest correlations within compared to across different subscales. The Bland-Altman plot indicated high level of agreement between test and retest. The healthy individuals had lower swe-BIS score compared to the patients (t(267.3) = − 8.6; p < 0.001), and the swe-BIS total score was also significantly different between each of the four participant groups (p < 0.01 for all group comparisons). Furthermore, swe-BIS had greater correlations with impulsivity related scales compared to non-impulsivity related scales. The CFA analyses indicated that while no suggested model showed an optimal fit, the best model fit indices was found for the 3-factor model. Conclusions: The swe-BIS was found to have good to excellent psychometric properties with respect to the assessed indices of reliability and validity, supporting use of the scale in clinical research in both healthy individuals and patients with SUD and ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of brain mechanisms underlying self-regulation can provide valuable insights into how people regulate their thoughts, behaviors, and emotional states, and what happens when such regulation fails. Self-regulation is supported by coordinated interactions of brain systems. Hence, behavioral dysregulation, and its expression as impulsivity, can be usefully characterized using functional connectivity methodologies applied to resting brain networks. The current study tested whether individual differences in trait impulsivity are reflected in the functional architecture within and between resting-state brain networks. Thirty healthy individuals completed a self-report measure of trait impulsivity and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using Probabilistic Independent Components Analysis in FSL MELODIC, we identified across participants 10 networks of regions (resting-state networks) with temporally correlated time courses. We then explored how individual expression of these spatial networks covaried with trait impulsivity. Across participants, we observed that greater self-reported impulsivity was associated with decreased connectivity of the right lateral occipital cortex (peak mm 46/-70/16, FWE 1-p = 0.981) with the somatomotor network. No supratheshold differences were observed in between-network connectivity. Our findings implicate the somatomotor network, and its interaction with sensory cortices, in the control of (self-reported) impulsivity. The observed “decoupling” may compromise effective integration of early perceptual information (from visual and somatosensory cortices) with behavioral control programs, potentially resulting in negative consequences.

The general aim was to evaluate the adequacy of the factorial structure of the Brazilian version of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) for adolescents of both sexes and to suggest an abridged version of the scale with better psychometric properties. A total of 304 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years of the city of Porto Alegre were evaluated. The Barratt Impulsivity Scale was used. It was possible to observe a low fit index for the Brazilian model compared to the other indices and a good index for the Portuguese model. However, a reduced version of the scale was proposed, totaling 12 items. This version had adequate fit indices. The corrected Cronbach's alpha was 0.974. This study presents a good factorial analysis that identifies three factors of the original scale for the population of adolescents of both sexes in an abbreviated version of the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of brain mechanisms underlying self-regulation can provide valuable insights into how people regulate their thoughts, behaviors, and emotional states, and what happens when such regulation fails. Self-regulation is supported by coordinated interactions of brain systems. Hence, behavioral dysregulation, and its expression as impulsivity, can be usefully characterized using functional connectivity methodologies applied to resting brain networks. The current study tested whether individual differences in trait impulsivity are reflected in the functional architecture within and between resting-state brain networks. Thirty healthy individuals completed a self-report measure of trait impulsivity and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Using Probabilistic Independent Components Analysis in FSL MELODIC, we identified across participants 10 networks of regions (resting-state networks) with temporally correlated time courses. We then explored how individual expression of these spatial networks covaried with trait impulsivity. Across participants, we observed that greater self-reported impulsivity was associated with decreased connectivity of the right lateral occipital cortex (peak mm 46/-70/16, FWE 1- p = 0.981) with the somatomotor network. No supratheshold differences were observed in between-network connectivity. Our findings implicate the somatomotor network, and its interaction with sensory cortices, in the control of (self-reported) impulsivity. The observed "decoupling" may compromise effective integration of early perceptual information (from visual and somatosensory cortices) with behavioral control programs, potentially resulting in negative consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its important role in both healthy groups and those with physical, mental and behavioral disorders, impulsivity is a widely researched construct. Among various self-report questionnaires of impulsivity, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is arguably the most frequently used measure. Despite its international use, inconsistencies in the suggested factor structure of its latest version, the BIS-11, have been observed repeatedly in different samples. The goal of the present study was therefore to test the factor structure of the BIS-11 in several samples. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on two representative samples of Hungarian adults (N = 2,457; N = 2,040) and a college sample (N = 765). Analyses did not confirm the original model of the measure in any of the samples. Based on explorative factor analyses, an alternative three-factor model (cognitive impulsivity; behavioral impulsivity; and impatience/restlessness) of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is suggested. The pattern of the associations between the three factors and aggression, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, and psychological distress supports the construct validity of this new model. The new measurement model of impulsivity was confirmed in two independent samples. However, it requires further cross-cultural validation to clarify the content of self-reported impulsivity in both clinical and nonclinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 11th version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) is a short self-report questionnaire developed for impulsivity assessment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version of BIS-11. The research comprised a sample of298 Lithuanian adults. The analyses included the test of construct validity, as well as confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and predictive validity. The exploratory factor analysis showed a three-factor structure and confirmatory factor analyses suggested that its structure was suitable. Additionally, the analyses showed: a good construct validity, good internal consistency (α= .803) and good test-retest reliability. It was also found that the results of BIS-11 were predictive of behaviors related to breaking the law, smoking, and alcohol consumption. To sum up, the present study suggests that the Lithuanian version of the BIS-11 has good psychometric properties and is a valid measure of impulsiveness in Lithuanian adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is to a high degree heritable, and in clinical practice it is common to assert presence of alcohol abuse family history (FH) in treatment-seeking AUD patients. Patients with AUD also exhibit cognitive deficits, including elevated impulsivity and impairments in executive functions (EF), but less is known regarding the relation between FH and these cognitive domains. The aim of the current study was to investigate if alcohol abuse FH in AUD patients is associated with a specific cognitive profile.Methods: Patients with AUD (n = 197) from Sweden (n = 106) and Belgium (n = 91) were recruited. Self-rated impulsivity was assessed by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). EF assessed were response inhibition (stop signal task), attention (rapid visual processing task), and working memory (digit span). A series of linear regression models were run to explore the effect of FH on cognitive outcomes.Results: A FH of alcohol abuse was associated with elevated score in self-rated impulsivity assessed by the BIS, with the greatest effect on the subscale of nonplanning. There was no statistically significant association between FH and any of the other neuropsychological task outcomes.Conclusion: Presence of alcohol abuse FH within AUD patients could be a marker of higher impulsivity, which may have clinical implications regarding diagnostic evaluation and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impulsivity as a trait modulates a range of cognitive functions, e.g. planning, decision-making, or response inhibition. Recent behavioural and psychometric findings challenge both the neurobiological models as well as the conceptualisation of psychometric measures of impulsivity. In the present study, we aimed to test the association of brain structure with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), a commonly applied self-rating instrument for impulsivity, using both the classical three-factor-model for impulsive behaviour (motor (IM), attentional (IA) and non-planning impulsivity (INP)), as well as the recently proposed alternative model contrasting inability to wait for reward (IWR) as an index of impulsive choice and rapid response style (RRS) as an index of impulsive action. We analysed brain structural data in a community sample of 85 healthy individuals, who completed the BIS-11, using voxel-based morphometry (CAT12: Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12). Regional volumes were correlated with the three traditional BIS-11 subscales, as well as IWR and RRS. BIS-11 total score was positively correlated with right inferior parietal, postcentral, and supramarginal grey matter (p < 0.05, FWE cluster-level corrected). Attentional impulsivity (IA) was also positively correlated with right inferior and superior parietal and supramarginal gyri. Comparison of the other scales did show some divergence, but most correlations did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Our findings suggest that difference facets of trait impulsivity might be related to different brain areas, and might thus dissociate along distinct but overlapping neural networks. In contrast to lesion or patient studies, these analyses delineate physiological variance, and can thus help to conceptualise network models in the absence of pathology. • Trait impulsivity is associated with brain structural variation in healthy subjects. • Conceptualisation of trait impulsivity impacts on regional associations. • Impulsive choice is related to inferior parietal and superior temporal cortices. • Credit author statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: State-dependent changes in physiological arousal may influence impulsive behaviours. Objectives: To examine the relationship between arousal and impulsivity, we assessed the effects of yohimbine (an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, which increases physiological arousal via noradrenaline release) on performance on established laboratory-based impulsivity measures in healthy volunteers. Methods: Forty-three participants received a single dose of either yohimbine hydrochloride or placebo before completing a battery of impulsivity measures. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored throughout the study. Results: Participants in the yohimbine group showed higher blood pressure and better response inhibition in the Stop Signal Task, relative to the placebo group. Additionally, individual changes in blood pressure were associated with performance on Delay Discounting and Information Sampling tasks: raised blood pressure following drug ingestion was associated with more far-sighted decisions in the Delay Discounting Task (lower temporal impulsivity) yet reduced information gathering in the Information Sampling Task (increased reflection impulsivity). Conclusions: These results support the notion that impulsive behaviour is dependent upon state physiological arousal; however, distinct facets of impulsivity are differentially affected by physiological changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Internet addiction is a non-substance-related addiction disorder with progressively growing prevalence. Internet addiction, like substance-related addictions, has been linked with high impulsivity, low inhibitory control, and poor decision-making abilities. Cortical thickness measurements and trait impulsivity have been shown to have a distinct relationship in addicts compared to healthy controls. Thus, we test whether the cortical correlates of trait impulsivity are different in Internet addicts and healthy controls, using an impulsive control group (smokers). Methods: Thirty Internet addicts (15 females) and 60 age- and gender-matched controls (30 smokers, all young adults aged 19-28 years) were scanned using a 3T MRI scanner and completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Results: Internet addicts had a thinner left superior temporal cortex than controls. Impulsivity had a significant main effect on the left pars orbitalis and bilateral insula, regardless of group membership. We identified divergent relationships between trait impulsivity and thicknesses of the bilateral middle temporal, right superior temporal, left inferior temporal, and left transverse temporal cortices between Internet addicts and healthy controls. Further analysis with smokers revealed that the left middle temporal and left transverse temporal cortical thickness change might be exclusive to Internet addiction. Discussion: The effects of impulsivity, combined with a long-term exposure to some specific substance or stimuli, might result in different natures of relationships between impulsivity and brain structure when compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: These results may indicate that Internet addiction is similar to substance-related addictions, such that inefficient self-control could result in maladaptive behavior and inability to resist Internet use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Impulsiveness is a tendency to act quickly based on a whim without reflection or consideration of consequences. We studied its correlations with burn variables and mental disorders among burn patients.Methods: Consecutive acute burn patients (N=107) admitted to the Helsinki Burn Center were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV mental disorders (SCID) at baseline and at 6 months. All patients filled out the 30-item Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the most commonly administered self-report measure and a standard point of reference in research on impulsiveness.Results: The mean total score of BIS-11 was 64.5 (range 41.0-87.8, SD±6.9). There was not a significant correlation between impulsiveness and a range of characteristics of burn injury (all p-values>0.05). We found a significant correlation between some pre-burn mental disorders and impulsiveness, alcohol dependence and attentional impulsiveness (OR=1.22, p=0.022), any personality disorder and non-planning impulsiveness (OR=1.21, p=0.005), and antisocial personality disorder and motor impulsiveness (OR=1.35, p=0.043). Patients with high impulsiveness (total score >65) more often than those with low impulsiveness (≤65), had pre-burn mental disorders such as major depressive disorder (22.6% vs. 8.6%, p=0.046), alcohol dependence (46.9% vs. 25.9%, p=0.023), or other substance dependence (12.2% vs. 1.7%, p=0.028).Conclusion: Impulsiveness had a significant correlation with mental disorders but not with burn-related variables. Therefore the role of impulsiveness in burn injuries should not be investigated independently without first accounting for the role of mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In large sample surveys, it is necessary to measure constructs efficiently and accurately. Impulsivity and deficits in self-regulation are regarded as key etiological factors in addictions. To measure impulsivity effectively, we developed a 10-item version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Revised (BIS-R-10) based on our previous psychometric work on the factor structure of the original version of BIS-R-21. The main goal of this poster is to present the psychometric characteristics and concurrent validity of BIS-R-10. Method: We administered the BIS-R-10 in the National Survey on Addiction Problems in Hungary (N = 1385). We performed a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), tested the measurement invariance across sex, ran CFA with covariates, and finally tested concurrent criterion validity. Results: The original three-factor model (cognitive impulsivity/low self-regulation, behavioural impulsivity and Impatience/restlessness) fitted adequately. Because two factors correlated strongly (behavioural impulsivity and Impatience/restlessness; r=.98), we merged them into the extended behavioural impulsivity factor. The two-factor model yielded excellent model fit to data and showed measurement invariance across sex. The low cognitive impulsivity/high self-control was explained significantly by age and high school education; The extended behavioural impulsivity was explained by age, high school education and sensation seeking. The low cognitive impulsivity/high self-control was associated with work addiction only. In contrast, extended behavioural impulsivity was significantly associated with problematic exercise, work addiction, problematic use of the internet, and problematic gaming. Conclusions: BIS-R-10 is not only a promising brief measure, but it also helps disentangle the roles of self-regulation and behavioural impulsivity in behavioural addictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggression is one of the core symptoms of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with therapeutic and prognostic relevance. ASPD is highly prevalent among inmates, being responsible for adverse events and elevated direct and indirect economic costs for the criminal justice system. The Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale (IPAS) is a self-report instrument that characterizes aggression as either predominately impulsive or premeditated. This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the IPAS in a sample of Portuguese inmates. A total of 240 inmates were included in the study. A principal component factor analysis was performed so as to obtain the construct validity of the IPAS impulsive aggression (IA) and premeditated aggression (PM) subscales; internal consistency was determined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient; convergent and divergent validity of the subscales were determined analyzing correlations with the Barratt Impulsiveness scale, 11th version (BIS-11), and the Psychopathic Checklist Revised (PCL-R). The rotated matrix with two factors accounted for 49.9% of total variance. IA subscale had 11 items and PM subscale had 10 items. The IA and PM subscales had a good Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. The IA subscale is correlated with BIS-11 attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsiveness dimensions (p

Highlights • Factor structure and psychometric properties of Barrat Impulsiveness Scale-Short Form (BIS-15; Spinella, 2007) is evaluated in a large sample of Indian adolescents. • Barrat Impulsiveness Scale- short form (BIS-15) retained its original three factor structure among school and college attending Indian adolescents. • BIS-15 exhibited good internal consistency, Cronbach's α = 0.79, which was the same as that of the original BIS-15. • BIS-15 also demonstrated good concurrent validity as indicated by its statistically significant associations with the theoretically relevant psychological constructs. • BIS-15 is a reliable tool that can be used to comprehensively assess trait impulsivity among Indian adolescents. Abstract Background Impulsivity is widely assessed with a 30 item self-report measure known as the Barrratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Further development involved creation of an abbreviated version, called Barratt Impulsiveness Scale- short form (BIS-15; Spinella, 2007) from the original BIS-11. Unlike the original BIS-11, BIS-15 has not undergone sufficient cross cultural validation especially among the adolescent population. Aim To evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of BIS-15 among school and college attending Indian adolescents. Method A total of 1806 adolescents (females = 48%, mean age = 17.14 years) completed BIS-15 questionnaire, strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and a risk taking questionnaire that assessed adolescents level of involvement in two protypical risky behaviours- substance use and unsafe sexual behaviours. Results The results of the principal component analysis of BIS-15 items revealed a three factor structure: attentional, motor and non-planning impulsivity. The internal consistency of BIS-15 was 0.79. The total score on BIS-15 was significantly associated with the externalizing, internalizing and total difficulty score on SDQ. Significant associations were observed between BIS-15 total impulsivity score and the level of risk taking among adolescents. Further, the results also revealed gender variance in impulsivity scores where male adolescents scored higher on attentional and non-planning impulsivity as compared to female adolescents. Conclusion BIS-15 is a reliable measure of impulsivity that can be used with Indian adolescent population. It would be particularly more suitable for use in settings that require comprehensive assessment of trait impulsivity in shorter time duration and without burdening the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Impulsivity is an essential human personality trait and highly relevant for the development of several mental disorders. There is evidence that impulsivity is heritable, yet little is known about neural correlates reflecting early brain development. Here, we address the question whether motor, attentional and non-planning components, as reflected by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), are distinctly associated with cortical thickness and surface area variations in young healthy individuals. Method We investigated cortical thickness and surface area in 54 healthy volunteers (m/f = 30%/70%; age mean/SD = 24.9/4.02) using structural magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T together with surface-based analysis techniques. Impulsivity was examined on the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11) and related to the two distinct cortical measurements. Results Higher BIS-11 total scores were negatively associated with cortical thickness variations in the left lingual gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, right cuneus, and right superior parietal gyrus ( p  < 0.05 cluster-wise probability [CWP] corrected). Higher BIS-11 nonplanning scores were negatively associated with cortical thickness variations in bilateral pericalcarine gyrus ( p  < 0.05 CWP corr.). In the orbitofrontal cortex, the association between impulsivity and cortical thickness differed significantly between males and females. Conclusion These data suggest distinct neurodevelopmental trajectories underlying impulsivity in healthy subjects. Impulsivity total scores appear to be specifically related to cortical thickness variations, in contrast to variations of cortical surface area. Furthermore, our findings underscore the importance of better characterizing gender-specific structural correlates of impulsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: investigate impulsivity levels and inhibitory control in women crack users and explore the relationships between impulsivity and inhibitory control. Method and Design: 52 healthy women (M = 32.83 years; SD = 9.54) and 46 crack cocaine users (M = 31.02 years; SD = 7.73), in abstinence, performed the assessment protocol included a Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a GO/No-Go Task and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). It was a quantitative research with cross-sectional design and control group. Results: crack group showed higher levels of impulsivity in all domains when compared to the control group (crack group M = 76.39, SD = 11.39, control group M = 58.53, SD = 10.76, p <.01). Participants from the crack group presented a significantly higher total reaction time in the Go-NoGo task (F(1,93) = 9.93, p =.002; effect size =.09, observed power =.87) and significantly more commission (F(1,93) = 7.20, p =.009; effect size =.07, observed power =.75) and omission errors (F(1,93) = 6.04, p =.01; effect size =.06, observed power =.68), in Go/NoGo Task. Groups did also significantly differ on total standard deviations suggesting that variability in total reaction time was significantly greater in the crack group. Results showed that only in the crack group there were significant correlations between Go-NoGo parameters and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent that impulsivity and inhibitory control are closely linked to crack use in women. Future studies should consider to evaluate crack users in different withdrawal times, controlling the impact of abstinence time in the variables studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impulsiveness is a central human personality trait and of high relevance for the development of several mental disorders. Impulsiveness is a multidimensional construct, yet little is known about dimension-specific neural correlates. Here, we address the question whether motor, attentional and non-planning components, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), are associated with distinct or overlapping neural network activity. In this study, we investigated brain activity at rest and its relationship to distinct dimensions of impulsiveness in 30 healthy young adults (m/f = 13/17; age mean/SD = 26.4/2.6 years) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T. A spatial independent component analysis and a multivariate model selection strategy were used to identify systems loading on distinct impulsivity domains. We first identified eight networks for which we had a-priori hypotheses. These networks included basal ganglia, cortical motor, cingulate and lateral prefrontal systems. From the eight networks, three were associated with impulsiveness measures (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). There were significant relationships between right frontoparietal network function and all three BIS domains. Striatal and midcingulate network activity was associated with motor impulsiveness only. Within the networks regionally confined effects of age and gender were found. These data suggest distinct and overlapping patterns of neural activity underlying specific dimensions of impulsiveness. Motor impulsiveness appears to be specifically related to striatal and midcingulate network activity, in contrast to a domain-unspecific right frontoparietal system. Effects of age and gender have to be considered in young healthy samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggression is one of the core symptoms of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with therapeutic and prognostic relevance. ASPD is highly prevalent among inmates, being responsible for adverse events and elevated direct and indirect economic costs for the criminal justice system. The Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale (IPAS) is a self-report instrument that characterizes aggression as either predominately impulsive or premeditated. This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the IPAS in a sample of Portuguese inmates. A total of 240 inmates were included in the study. A principal component factor analysis was performed so as to obtain the construct validity of the IPAS impulsive aggression (IA) and premeditated aggression (PM) subscales; internal consistency was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient; convergent and divergent validity of the subscales were determined analyzing correlations with the Barratt Impulsiveness scale, 11th version (BIS-11), and the Psychopathic Checklist Revised (PCL-R). The rotated matrix with two factors accounted for 49.9% of total variance. IA subscale had 11 items and PM subscale had 10 items. The IA and PM subscales had a good Cronbach's alpha values of 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. The IA subscale is correlated with BIS-11 attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsiveness dimensions (p < 0.05). The PM subscale is correlated with BIS-11 attentional, motor impulsiveness dimensions (p < 0.05). The PM subscale is correlated with PCL-R interpersonal, lifestyle, and antisocial dimensions (p < 0.05). The IA subscale is not correlated with PCL-R. The Portuguese translated version of IPAS has adequate psychometric properties, allowing the measurement of impulsive and premeditated dimensions of aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impulsivity is associated with distinct mental disorders but is also considered as a personality trait exhibited by healthy individuals. Current studies suggest that early stressful life events might cause higher impulsivity in the adulthood. Morphological features, which reflect early brain development, could provide valuable information regarding the origin of impulsive behavior. However, none of the previous MRI studies employed a methodology specifically designed to investigate the relationship between impulsivity and markers of brain development. In this regard, we aimed to investigate the relationship between cortical folding and the three distinct factors of impulsivity (attention, motor, and non-planning) in young healthy adults. Fifty-four right-handed healthy individuals were recruited for the study and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla. A surface-based analysis was used to calculate a local gyrification index (LGI). Impulsivity was examined by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and related to LGI. Associations between LGI and BIS-11 scores were assessed using within-group correlations (p < 0.05, "cluster-wise probability" [CWP] corr.). BIS subscores were positively correlated with cortical folding in several distinct areas: Total and attention scores were positively correlated with LGI in the left postcentral gyrus, cingulate gyrus, precentral gyrus, pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, pericalcarine gyrus, and lateral occipital gyrus (each p < 0.05 CWP corr.). BIS motor score was positively correlated with LGI in the left superior temporal, lingual and supramarginal gyrus (each p < 0.05 CWP corr.). BIS non-planning score showed a positive correlation with LGI in the pars opercularis of the right inferior frontal gyrus and the left middle temporal, precentral and superior parietal gyrus (each p < 0.05 CWP corr.). Furthermore, we found gender-specific differences in BIS-11-LGI-correlation in the middle and inferior frontal gyrus. Our findings illustrate the advantages of cortical folding as a marker of early brain development when investigating structural brain correlates of impulsivity in young adulthood. Further, they lend additional support to the notion that alterations in early neurodevelopment comprising fronto-temporo-parietal regions might give rise to higher impulsivity in healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impulsivity is a personality trait that may be a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Increasing evidence suggests, however, that only specific facets of impulsivity are associated with eating- and weight-related variables. Moreover, there seem to be interactive effects such that eating-related self-regulation is low when more than one impulsivity facet is elevated. Finally, the effect of impulsivity on body weight appears to be indirect, that is, is mediated by eating behaviors. In the current study, 790 adults (83% female, 80% students) completed a short form of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the Perceived Self-Regulatory Success in Dieting Scale online and reported their current height and weight. Scores on attentional and motor impulsivity were interactively associated with perceived self-regulatory success in weight regulation: Higher attentional impulsivity was associated with lower perceived self-regulatory success at high levels of motor impulsivity, but not at low levels of motor impulsivity. A moderated mediation model revealed an indirect effect of attentional impulsivity on body mass index (BMI) via perceived self-regulatory success in weight regulation at high, but not low levels of motor impulsivity. Non-planning impulsivity was unrelated to perceived self-regulatory success in weight regulation and BMI. Results support previous findings such that attentional and motor impulsivity are interactively associated with eating- and weight-related measures. Specifically, eating-related self-regulation is low when both attentional and motor impulsivity levels are high. Moreover, results further support that self-reported trait impulsivity is not directly related to BMI, but indirectly via eating behaviors as potential mediators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the impacts of electro-acupuncture (EA) and psychological intervention (PI) on impulsive behavior among internet addiction (IA) adolescents. Methods: Thirty-two IA adolescents were allocated to either EA (16 cases) or PI (16 cases) group by a randomized digital table. Subjects in the EA group received EA treatment and subjects in the PI group received cognition and behavior therapy. All adolescents underwent 45-d intervention. Sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited into a control group. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) scores, Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) as well as the ratio of brain N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) to creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline (Cho) to creatine (Cho/Cr) were recorded by magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after intervention respectively. Results: The IAT scores and BIS-11 total scores in both EA and PI group were remarkably decreased after treatment ( P<0.05), while EA group showed more significant decrease in certain BIS-11 sub-factors ( P<0.05). Both NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr were significantly improved in EA group after treatment ( P<0.05); however, there were no significant changes of NAA/Cr or Cho/Cr in PI group after treatment ( P>0.05). Conclusions: Both EA and PI had significantly positive effect on IA adolescents, especially in the aspects of psychological experiences and behavioral expressions, EA might have an advantage over PI in terms of impulsivity control and brain neuron protection. The mechanism underlying this advantage might be related to the increased NAA and Cho levels in prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The place of impulsiveness in multidimensional personality frameworks is still unclear. In particular, no consensus has yet been reached with regard to the relation of impulsiveness to Neuroticism and Extraversion. We aim to contribute to a clearer understanding of these relationships by accounting for the multidimensional structure of impulsiveness. In three independent studies, we related the subscales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale ( BIS) to the Big Five factors of personality. Study 1 investigated the associations between the BIS subscales and the Big Five factors as measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) in a student sample ( N = 113). Selective positive correlations emerged between motor impulsiveness and Extraversion and between attentional impulsiveness and Neuroticism. This pattern of results was replicated in Study 2 ( N = 132) using a 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory. In Study 3, we analyzed BIS and NEO- FFI data obtained from a sample of patients with pathological buying ( N = 68). In these patients, the relationship between motor impulsiveness and Extraversion was significantly weakened when compared to the non-clinical samples. At the same time, the relationship between attentional impulsiveness and Neuroticism was substantially stronger in the clinical sample. Our studies highlight the utility of the BIS subscales for clarifying the relationship between impulsiveness and the Big Five personality factors. We conclude that impulsiveness might occupy multiple places in multidimensional personality frameworks, which need to be specified to improve the interpretability of impulsiveness scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study utilizes the parametric go/no-go task (PGNG), a task that examines changes in inhibitory performance as executive function load increases, to examine the link between psychopathic traits, impulsivity, and response inhibition in a cohort of healthy participants. The results show that as executive function load increased, inhibitory ability decreased. High scores on the Cognitive Complexity subscale of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS–11) predict poor inhibitory ability in the PGNG. Similarly, high scores on the Psychopathy Personality Inventory–Revised (PPI–R) Blame Externalization subscale predict response inhibition deficits in the PGNG, which loads more on the executive functions than the standard go/no-go task. The remaining BIS–11 as well as PPI–R subscales did not interact with inhibitory performance in the PGNG highlighting the specificity of associations between aspects of personality and impulsivity with inhibitory performance as cognitive load is increased. These data point towards the sensitivity of the PGNG in studying response inhibition in the context of highly impulsive populations and its utility as a measure of impulsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the psychometric properties of a Norwegian translation of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale ( BIS-11) for use in populations of headache, Parkinson's disease ( PD), and healthy controls. Materials and Methods The BIS-11 was forward and backward translated by native speakers of both Norwegian and English to give Norwegian BIS-11 (Nor- BIS-11). A convenience sample (110 subjects) of healthy controls (47), PD patients (43), and chronic headache patients (20) (the latter two recruited from a Neurology outpatient clinic), were asked to complete the scale (a subset twice for test-retest). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done for a single-factor model, the original three-factor model and a two-factor model. Test-retest results were analyzed using the Bland-Altman approach. Results The Nor- BIS-11 scale showed good utility and acceptability as well as good test-retest reliability in this sample. Cronbach's α was .68, test-retest bias was −0.73, Cohen's δ = −.134, and limits of agreement were −11.48 to 10.01. The factor structure was found to fit better with a two-factor model than with the original model with three factors. The model fit indices indicated a moderate fit. Conclusions The Nor- BIS-11 scale is acceptable and reliable to use in Parkinson's disease patients, chronic headache patients, and healthy controls. The results should be interpreted in a two-factor model but with caution due to low construct validity. External validity needs to be further tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impulsivity has been suggested to contribute to overeating and obesity. However, findings are inconsistent and it appears that only specific facets of impulsivity are related to eating-related variables and to body mass. In the current study, relationships between self-reported impulsivity, perceived self-regulatory success in dieting, and objectively measured body mass were examined in N = 122 children and adolescents. Scores on attentional and motor impulsivity interactively predicted perceived self-regulatory success in dieting, but not body mass: Higher attentional impulsivity was associated with lower perceived self-regulatory success at high levels of motor impulsivity, but not at low levels of motor impulsivity. A moderated mediation model revealed an indirect effect of attentional and motor impulsivity on body mass, which was mediated by perceived self-regulatory success in dieting. Thus, results show that only specific facets of impulsivity are relevant in eating- and weight-regulation and interact with each other in the prediction of these variables. These facets of impulsivity, however, are not directly related to higher body mass, but indirectly via lower success in eating-related self-regulation in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]