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We analyse the tropospheric ozone distribution over North America and the North Atlantic to boreal biomass burning emissions during the summer of 2010 using the GEOS-Chem 3-D global tropospheric chemical transport model, and observations from in situ and satellite instruments. In comparison to observations from the PICO-NARE observatory in the Azores, ozonesondes across Canada, and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Instrument (IASI) satellite instruments, the model ozone distribution is shown to be in reasonable agreement with mean biases less than 10 ppbv. We use the adjoint of GEOS-Chem to show the model ozone distribution in the free troposphere over Maritime Canada is largely sensitive to NOx emissions from biomass burning sources in Central Canada, lightning sources in the central US, and anthropogenic sources in eastern US and south-eastern Canada. We also use the adjoint of GEOS-Chem to evaluate the Fire Locating And Monitoring of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE) inventory through assimilation of CO observations from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) satellite instrument. The CO inversion showed that, on average the FLAMBE emissions needed to be reduced to 89% of their original values, with scaling factors ranging from 12% to 102%, to fit the MOPITT observations in the boreal regions. Applying the CO scaling factors to all species emitted from boreal biomass burning sources led to a decrease of the model tropospheric distributions of CO, PAN, and NOx by as much as -20 ppbv, -50 ppbv, and -20 ppbv respectively. The impact of optimizing the biomass burning emissions was to reduce the model ozone distribution by approximately -3 ppbv (-8%) and on average improved the agreement of the model ozone distribution compared to the observations throughout the free troposphere reducing the mean model bias from 5.5 to 4.0 ppbv for the PICO-NARE observatory, 3.0 to 0.9 ppbv for ozonesondes, 2.0 to 0.9 ppbv for TES, and 2.8 to 1.4 ppbv for IASI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the use of the later Foucault in organization and management studies. Offering an evaluation of readings of the later writing, we comment on arguments for re-focusing on genealogical criticism, for an alternative Foucauldian politics of the workplace and a form of practical criticism sometimes derived from the later writing. A key aim is to attempt to open up new directions for critical inquiry drawing on other ways of reading Foucault. If genealogy is to be installed as a vital resource for critique, there appears to be a need for renewal. On the question of political alternatives, we comment on the ambiguities and silences -- especially the historical silences -- of the later Foucault's interpreters. A style of practical criticism inferred from readings of the later writing should not, we suggest, be accepted without qualification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-perceived role of 16 community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) were analysed with reference to four conceptual models of psychiatric illness. The roles discussed by the CPNs echoed many of those found in previous research. Overall the CPNs used different models of illness when discussing various aspects of their roles. It is believed that the models of illness preferred by CPNs may be a useful reflection of the role they may have in caring for different client groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggression research does not lack data—it lacks a model for integrating data. One of the problems confronting aggression researchers is the extensive body of multidisciplinary data that is difficult to synthesize to generate new directions in research. This paper proposes one solution that starts by asking “what is the minimal number of categories of concepts and measurements which are necessary to describe a person?”. The answer is four categories of concepts: biological; cognitive; behavioral; environmental (physical and social ). One way of many for integrating these four categories of concepts is a proposed discipline neutral heuristic model that is used herein to compare two different research approaches to the study of impulsive aggression. This comparison identifies clearly the differences in the two approaches with regard to different emphases among the four categories of constructs for each program. Using the model, an example of common ground between the two approaches is sought as a basis for extending aggression research. The main conclusion of one of the research programs was that central nervous arousal is related to impulsive aggression. This program demonstrated that phenytoin will reduce impulsive aggressive acts and has an effect on CNS arousal. The other research program on impulsive aggression has been at the forefront in demonstrating the well established inverse relationship between serotonin levels and aggression. The comparison resulted in the suggestion that both serotonin and phenytoin may relate to a common neurochemical substrate which interacts in part to control CNS arousal, especially at the cortical level. The proposed heuristic model made obvious the need to use synthesizing concepts (e.g. information processing or language) which can interrelate multidisciplinary concepts and data from different research programs within the four categories of constructs when comparing interdisciplinary research. This paper also discusses a two step procedure for classifying aggressive acts as impulsive or premeditated. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoradiography has been used to follow the synthesis and migration of labelled glycoconjugates into fertilized and unfertilized mouse eggs. Adult female mice were paired individually with males and injected with 100 μCi [H]glucosamine, either when they were paired with males or at the time a vaginal plug was first detected. The mice were killed at intervals after the injection of label and 5−μm and semi-thin sections of the oviducts were processed for auto-radiography. Labelled glycoconjugates passed rapidly into the perivitelline space of fertilized and unfertilized mouse eggs. There was a positive correlation between the density of label within the zona pellucida and the perivitelline space. Labelled glycoconjugates were maintained within the perivitelline space of many developing embryos for at least 48 h despite very low levels of label whithin the oviduct by this time. Other 2-cell embryos were only lightly labelled. It is suggested that labelled glycoconjugates may be derived from secretions of the cumulus cells which surround the egg at ovulation rather than from oviductal secretions [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Autoradiography has been used to follow the synthesis and migration of labelled glycoconjugates into fertilized and unfertilized mouse eggs. Adult female mice were paired individually with males and injected with 100 microCi [3H] glucosamine, either when they were paired with males or at the time a vaginal plug was first detected. The mice were killed at intervals after the injection of label and 5-microns and semi-thin sections of the oviducts were processed for autoradiography. Labelled glycoconjugates passed rapidly into the perivitelline space of fertilized and unfertilized mouse eggs. There was a positive correlation between the density of label within the zona pellucida and the perivitelline space. Labelled glycoconjugates were maintained within the perivitelline space of many developing embryos for at least 48 h despite very low levels of label within the oviduct by this time. Other 2-cell embryos were only lightly labelled. It is suggested that labelled glycoconjugates may be derived from secretions of the cumulus cells which surround the egg at ovulation rather than from oviductal secretions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several abstracts of studies on psychophysiology including an investigation of palmar sweat count of young male subjects under normal conditions by P. C. B. MacKinnon, A. H. Gould, and Jean Harrison; determination of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroid levels in stump-tailed monkeys and macaques by A. Kling and J. Orbach; "Neurochemistry and Learning," by J. Gaito and A. Zavala; "Photically Evoked Responses in Visual Cortex Units During Sleep and Waking," by E. V. Evarts; and "A Demonstration of the Long-term Retention of a Conditioned GSR," by A. E. Edwards.