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Objective: Our objective was to assess trends in three sexually transmitted infections (STIs) - gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis - in Spain, by age group and sex from 2016 to 2022., Study Design: Retrospective observational study., Methods: Data from epidemiological surveillance system were used to calculate the incidence rate for each STIs by age group and sex. Poisson regression was employed to examine the trends for 2016 to 2022., Results: For gonorrhoea, higher incidence rates were observed among men than women for all period. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) varied between 1.14 (95% CI 1.12-1.16) for the 15-19 age group to 1.24 (1.23-1.25) for the 35-44 age group among men, and between 1.14 (1.09-1.19) for 55 years or more to 1.27 (1.24-1.29) for the 15-19 age group among women. For chlamydia, women showed higher incidence rate for all age groups than men during the period. Individuals aged 55 years and over showed the highest increase, IRR = 1.30 (1.27-1.34) for men, while it was the lowest for women, IRR = 1.22 (1.16-1.27). The incidence rates for syphilis were lower than for the other STIs. IRR values varied between 1.04 (1.02-1.06) in the 20-24 age group and 1.15 (1.14-1.16) in the 35-44 age group for males; and between 1.13 (1.06-1.16) for the 25-34 age group and 1.18 (1.13-1.25) for the 25-34 age group for females., Conclusion: STIs are more frequent in people aged 25-34 and are increasing in all age groups. However, the rise is most pronounced among older men and among younger women.

Background: Data from the sentinel surveillance system of severe acute respiratory infections in Spain were used to estimate the impact of administration of nirsevimab to children born from 1 April 2023 onwards., Methods: Estimated RSV hospitalisations in < 1-year-olds during weeks 40, 2023, to 8, 2024, were compared to the number that would be expected after accounting for the background change in RSV circulation in the 2023/24 season, compared to 2022/23., Results: We estimated 9364-9875 RSV hospitalisations less than expected, corresponding to a 74%-75% reduction., (© 2024 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, influenza surveillance systems in Spain were transformed into a new syndromic sentinel surveillance system. The Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance System (SiVIRA in Spanish) is based on a sentinel network for acute respiratory infection (ARI) surveillance in primary care and a network of sentinel hospitals for severe ARI (SARI) surveillance in hospitals., Methods: Using a test-negative design and data from SARI admissions notified to SiVIRA between January 1 and October 3, 2021, we estimated COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalization, by age group, vaccine type, time since vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 variant., Results: VE was 89% (95% CI: 83-93) against COVID-19 hospitalization overall in persons aged 20 years and older. VE was higher for mRNA vaccines, and lower for those aged 80 years and older, with a decrease in protection beyond 3 months of completing vaccination, and a further decrease after 5 months. We found no differences between periods with circulation of Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants, although variant-specific VE was slightly higher against Alpha., Conclusions: The SiVIRA sentinel hospital surveillance network in Spain was able to describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARI hospitalizations and provide estimates of COVID-19 VE in the population under surveillance. Our estimates add to evidence of high effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against severe COVID-19 and waning of protection with time since vaccination in those aged 80 or older. No substantial differences were observed between SARS-CoV-2 variants (Alpha vs. Delta)., (© 2022 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The monthly retrospective search for unreported acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases conducted as a complementary component of the Spanish AFP surveillance system identified a case of AFP in a child admitted in Spain from Senegal during August 2021. Vaccine-derived poliovirus 2 was identified in the stool in September 2021. We present public health implications and response undertaken within the framework of the National Action Plan for Polio Eradication and the Public Health Emergency of International Concern.