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Copyright of Teología is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecologia Austral is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Continental aquatic ecosystems (CAE) constitute elements of great natural, social and cultural value. They are also natural sinks of different processes that involve the water-land-atmosphere interface and, therefore, the first ones at a territorial level to show symptoms of environmental degradation. In this article, we analyze the ecosystem services (ES) approach and its application to CAE. Our primary objective is to provide an introduction and critical review of the approach and its practicalities for scientists, technicians and officials interested in water problems. We present the approach in general and carry out a breakdown of the main elements of the analysis, particularly those that we consider most relevant to promote an environmental and comprehensive view of the CAE. We also review the more contentious aspects of the ES approach and discuss the extent to which they represent practical nuances rather than conceptual divides. We then characterize different scenarios that provide opportunities for their application from an environmental stewardship perspective, including a review of nature-based solutions compared to their gray infrastructure-based counterparts. Beyond all the positive characteristics that could be attributed to the approach, we recognize that its effective incorporation into the traditional decision-making spheres of our country's water resources will not be automatic. In this sense, we propose that it is necessary to align the ES approach with that of the integrated management of water resources, which is the basis of the 'Guiding principles of water policy of the Argentine Republic' adopted by the nation and the provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecologia Austral is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prohistoria is the property of Prohistoria Ediciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlights • Expected mainstreaming of the Ecosystem Services Approach (ESA) has not been fulfilled. • Sectors involved in ESA and their relationships drive pathways of mainstreaming in Latin America. • Incorporation of knowledge and consensus over values are key factors for mainstreaming. • Researchers need to adopt new roles for an effective mainstreaming of ESA. • Opportunities for new roles lay in the interfaces among sectors involved in ES management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Argentina, agricultural expansion and intensification has stimulated the utilization of the ecosystem services (ES) approach to understand the consequences of land-use and land-cover changes. However, Argentina's increasing trends of environmental degradation and social conflict due to agriculture continue unabated. We qualitatively analyzed 24 published ES studies done in either the temperate Pampean (context of consolidated agriculture) or subtropical extra-Pampean regions (context of expanding agriculture), in order to identify country-level and context-specific research needs and gaps, and propose ways to address them. We observed that ES studies in both contexts: (i) tended to focus much more on the biophysical, supply-side of the ES cascade than on the assessment of cultural ES and benefits, (ii) invested more effort in describing coarse ecological patterns/processes than in producing locally-adapted knowledge through stakeholder participation, and (iii) were poorly articulated with decision-making processes regarding sustainable ecosystem management. Despite this, some ES studies performed in the context of expanding agriculture showed incipient efforts to recognize, disaggregate and involve stakeholders, and to understand ES values. To increase the applicability of ES knowledge in decision-making, “strong” transdisciplinary approaches should be implemented so that changes in ES delivery and values feedback on management decisions for reverting environmental degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Tandilia System contains potential areas for nature conservation with low protection. • We analyzed research lines, management experiences, and the interactions between academics. • A considerable quantity of studies about nature is not reflected in successful management experiences. • We identified a poor network structural organization among academics. • We promote joint management activities concerning nature care in the Tandilia System. The Tandilia System, located in the Southern Pampa region of Argentina, contains areas with conservation value scattered throughout its agricultural landscape. Unfortunately, efforts for their conservation and sustainable management are scarce and isolated, which may be explained by the lack of articulation and linkage between the different social actors in the territory. Based on 123 surveys of academics working in this field, we analyzed research lines, management and outreach experiences, and the synergies and interactions between them. The most frequent research topics were related to biodiversity, terrestrial ecosystems, landscapes, anthropic pressures, and environmental management. Twenty-six environmental management experiences were reported in which the creation and/or planning of protected areas were the most frequent. The analysis of academic-social networks allowed us to explore the relationship between actors. A high degree of network modularity was identified, with strong links within the research groups, but few connections between them. In general terms, these connections depend on a few actors with a high degree of intermediation. Additionally, some professionals presented a high degree of betweenness, which is an important potential for the efficient coordination of conservation and management projects. Our results suggest the relevance of fostering greater interaction between professionals and research groups, as well as of promoting joint management activities concerning nature care in the Tandilia System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A La 0.5 Ba 0.5 CoO 3 perovskite was evaluated as a catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of CO 2. Nanocrystalline structures of La 0.5 Ba 0.5 CoO 3 were synthesized using polycarbonate porous templates by microwave irradiation. Electrochemical characterization was carried out by linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The electroreduction of CO 2 produced HCOOH with a faradaic efficiency of 30% at − 0.9 V vs SHE as determined by ionic chromatography. The rotating ring-disc electrode configuration was used to further study the electroreduction processes. A faradaic efficiency of 85% at − 1.2 V vs SHE attributed to CO, was obtained from the disk and ring currents. In parallel, the adsorption process of CO 2 and plausible reduction pathways to HCOOH and CO were studied by DFT calculation on the (001) and (110) orientations of the perovskite. The CO 2 molecule strongly adsorbs at the oxygen surface sites through the C atom in a bent configuration, determining the *COOH species as the only possible intermediate. The formation and release of HCOOH becomes feasible under an applied potential of − 0.8 V and − 0.7 V vs SHE for the (001) and (110) orientations, respectively. On the other hand, the calculation showed that the release of CO is only feasible at the (001) surface plane for potentials below − 0.9 V vs SHE. The calculated applied potentials are in good agreement, both in trend and magnitude, with the experimental observations despite the model approximation of neglecting solvent effects. [Display omitted] • A La 0.5 Ba 0.5 CoO 3 was evaluated for the electrochemical reduction of CO 2. • Formic acid was detected by ionic chromatography at − 0.9 V vs SHE. • RRDE was assessed for reduction product quantification. • Reaction pathways were modeled with DFT calculations. • DFT rendered potential values for the reduction product in consonance with experimental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fronteras de la Historia is the property of Instituto Colombiano de Antropologia e Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the role of the rural clergy in social and political issues in the dioceses of Buenos Aires and Cordoba in the Río de la Plata Provinces in the first half of the 19th century. The authors consider the increase in political participation by citizens in the region at this time and also comment on the relationship between the clergymen and the communities that they served, including their roles as mediators in instances of social intervention. The promotion of political propaganda by members of the clergy is also analyzed.

Abstract: The recycling of the organic matter contained in municipal solid waste (MSW) as an amendment for agricultural soils after composting can be an option for conserving the organic matter levels in soil. In order to ascertain the amounts of compost needed for the conservation of soil organic matter, the mineralization rates of two MSW composts (obtained in the two main industrial composting facilities in Galicia, NW Spain), and three agricultural soils from different parent material (granite, schist, and gabbro) were determined in a laboratory study. A simple first-order kinetic model adequately described the mineralization of compost, whereas the mineralization of soil was best described by a two-compartment first-order model. The addition rate for each of the composts for maintaining the soil organic carbon (SOC) in the soils in targeted levels after 25 years was calculated from the mineralization data for two soil temperature scenarios. At the current mean soil temperature the compost doses would range from 4.0 to 7.2tha−1 (dry weight) to maintain the present SOC concentrations and from 8.5 to 15.6 to reach 3.5% SOC. An increment of 2°C in the mean soil temperature as a consequence of climate change would increase in a 10% the requirements of compost to maintain the targeted levels of SOC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Prohistoria is the property of Prohistoria Ediciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Removal of a troublesome textile dye, Direct Blue 71 (DB71) from water by a food waste compost was assessed in the current study. Since compost dye sorption is a multi-factor process influenced by mass, pH, concentration, temperature, contact time, and salinity, the cumulative influence of all parameters on DB71 removal was examined following an optimal multilevel multifactor experimental design. The process had to be presented using both linear and interaction terms, according to the variables analysis: Dye sorption = –0.050Mass + 0.122Conc–0.114pH + 0.132Time – 0.074Temp + 0.056Sal + 0.103Mass × Conc + 0.226 Mass × pH – 0.257Mass × Time – 0.112Mass × Temp – 0.041Mass × Sal + 0.008Conc × pH + 0.100Conc × Time + 0.089Conc × Temp + 0.167Conc × Sal – 0.245pH × Time – 0.231pH × Temp – 0.123pH × Sal + 0.358Tim × Temp + 0.355Tim × Sal – 0.045Temp × Sal (R2 = 0.9241) Salinity and pH were positively correlated with concentration, and contact time with temperature and salinity, to get better dye uptake. The optimal conditions for dye removal were the following: solid:liquid ratio 1:375, pH 3.0, initial dye concentration 400 mg L−1, contact time 240 min, salinity 0.6 M NaCl, temperature 50 °C. At the optimum combination of factors, equilibrium sorption isotherm and sorption kinetics were studied. Kinetic analysis indicated high sorption rate 4.0 mg g−1 min−1 while 28% of maximum capacity was reached within the first 10 min of interaction. Sorption isotherm has L2-shape which reflected surface saturation at high solute concentration with low competition with solvent molecules, with a maximum sorption capacity of 95.4 mg g−1. In column experiments performed at bed depth 5.1–12.8 cm, flow rate 1.0–2.0 mL min−1 and influent concentration 10–20 mg L−1, sorption capacity was 19.6 mg g−1, which represents 21% of the maximum capacity at equilibrium conditions. IR analysis of dye-loaded-compost confirmed the contribution of hydrophobic-hydrophobic forces in the sorption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]