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Background: Moebius syndrome is a disorder characterized by facial and abducens nerve paralysis. Patients can present a wide range of upper extremity malformations. Literature focused on orthopedic manifestations of Moebius syndrome shows variability in the prevalence and clinical presentation of upper extremity anomalies. The aim of this work is to evaluate the prevalence of upper extremity malformations in patients with Moebius syndrome, clarify its various clinical presentations, and present treatment strategies for their management. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study including patients with Moebius syndrome and upper extremity malformations between 2012 and 2019. Data include demographic characteristics, Moebius syndrome subtype, type of malformation, affected extremity, and surgical procedures underwent. Quantitative data were recorded as mean (standard deviation [SD]), and qualitative data were expressed in terms of totals and percentages. Statistical association between Moebius syndrome subtype and development of upper extremity anomalies was evaluated using binary logistic regression. Results: Twenty-five out of 153 patients (16.3%) presented upper extremity malformations (48% male). Mean age of presentation was 9.08 ± 9.43 years. Sixty-eight percent of the malformations were unilateral. The most common presentations included Poland syndrome and simple syndactyly with 8 cases each (32%), followed by 5 cases of brachysyndactyly (20%), 3 cases of amniotic band syndrome (12%), and 1 case of cleft hand (4%). No statistical association was found between Moebius syndrome subtype and odds ratio for development of upper extremity anomalies. Thirteen patients (52%) underwent reconstructive procedures. Conclusion: Poland syndrome and syndactyly are the most common anomalies in patients with Moebius syndrome. Patients may present with a wide range of hand malformations, each patient should be carefully evaluated in order to determine whether surgical treatment is needed and to optimize rehabilitation protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parotid gland hemangiomas represent <0.6% of the total tumors of the gland and there are <50 tumors reported during adult age, so there is no standard treatment. A 18-year-old female presents with a mass in the right parotid gland of 18 months of a slow progressive asymptomatic growth; on physical examination, only the mass was detected. An angiography was performed, and it reported a possible hemangioma that depends on the right internal maxillary artery and right facial artery and was not suitable for embolization. Total parotidectomy was performed with prior ligation of the right external carotid artery, complete resection was achieved and preservation of the facial nerve and all branches with minimal loss of blood (150 cc). External carotid artery ligation is a safe technique that can be considered in carefully selected patients with vascular tumors that affect the head and neck to achieve a clean and safe surgery with minimal sequels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Since immediate salvage (IS) surgery for infected penile prosthesis (PP) was introduced nearly 30 years ago, an abundance of evidence has emerged in support of its use. IS remains underutilized by the modern urologist despite its distinct advantages. While some medical literature proposes reasons for the underuse of IS, no comprehensive review attempts to address the numerous factors limiting its implementation. Our objective is to analyze the barriers to IS surgery for infected PP with the goal of expanding utilization of this technique through a practical and standardized approach for treating urologists., Methods: A narrative review of available English, peer-reviewed, medical literature relevant to the barriers to IS was completed. Searches were expanded to include literature from surgical specialties in general if hypothesized barriers were incompletely described in available PP publications., Key Content and Findings: The major barriers that are likely contributing to the low rates of IS for PP surgery can be broadly classified into three major categories: institutional/systemic, medical/surgical, and patient preference. Institutional/systemically driven barriers include surgeon comfort with PP surgery, low national availability of urologists, inaccessibility of prosthetics or critical ancillary staff at the time of patient presentation and limited operating room (OR) access. Medical/surgical barriers primarily relate to reinfection fears, perceived contraindications to IS, and overall patient stability at the time of presentation. Patient preference factors inhibiting IS involve loss of trust in the medical team, psychosocial distress, dissatisfaction with the initial device prior to infection and anxiety regarding postoperative recovery. Many of the identified barriers can be overcome with increased surgical training, improved patient and surgeon understanding of PP infection, or precautionary planning., Conclusions: Of the factors that contribute to low utilization of IS, many are misunderstood or unknown. Recognition of these barriers may equip urologists to provide better care to patients with prosthesis infection., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tau.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tau-23-509/coif). The series “Genitourinary Prosthesis Infection” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. A.C.L. reports that he is a speaker, consultant, and preceptor for Coloplast Corporation and Boston Scientific Corporation. A.C.L. served as the unpaid Guest Editor of the series. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Grant funding to Urology has decreased over the last decade. Documented lack of gender and race diversity at the faculty level raises concerns for funding disparities. This study sought to characterize disparities based upon race and gender in National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding data to Urologic faculty., Methods and Materials: Data from 145 ACGME accredited Urology residency programs incorporating faculty gender and underrepresented in medicine (URiM) status was utilized. The NIH Research Portfolio Online Report Tool was queried between 1985 and 2023 for grants related to current Urology faculty. URiM status, gender, years of practice, academic rank, and Doximity residency program rank were factors in multivariable analysis., Results: A total of 2,131 faculty were included. Three hundred one Urologists received 793 urologic grants for a total of $993,919,052 in funding. By race, grants were awarded to: White 72.9%, Asian 21.8%, Hispanic 3.0%, Black 2.1%. Men received 708 grants (89.3%) worth $917,083,475 total. Women received 85 grants (10.7%) worth $76,835,577 total. Likelihood of being awarded a grant was significantly associated with non-URiM status (p < 0.001) and men (p < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, Doximity rank (p < 0.001) and academic rank (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of receiving a grant; male gender, URiM status, and years of practice were not. Academic rank was also a significant predictor of number of grants received (p = 0.04) and total funding (p = 0.04); years of practice, Doximity rank, URiM status, and gender were not., Conclusions: NIH grants were more likely awarded to higher ranked faculty from higher Doximity ranked institutions with no differences based on URiM status or gender.