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This study was carried out to find the environmental factors which have a significant effect on the productive and reproductive characteristics of the Balochi sheep. The study used data from 729 ewes and 71 rams for a period of 13 years (2003 to 2016) at the Sheep Research Center, Yet Abad, Balochistan, Pakistan. The productive characteristics considered for current study were weight, birth weight (BW), 90 days weight (3 MW), 180 days weight (6 MW), 270 days weight (9 MW), 365 days (12 MW), and 2 years weight (24 MW). Reproductive characteristics measured were ewe age at first service (AFS), service period (SP) of ewe, age at 1st lambing (AFL) of ewe, lambing interval (LI), and sex ratio. Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) assessments of different characteristics were analyzed for the Balochi sheep on the basis of location, birth year (YOB), season of birth (SOB), type of birth (TOB), and sex of lamb. The average means ± SE for BW, WW, 6 MW, 9 MW, 12 MW, and 24 MW, were 3.28 ± 0.83, 17.20 ± 2.04, 21.94 ± 1.60, 26.20 ± 2.87, 30.21 ± 3.58, and 37.11 ± 2.84 for ram and 2.56 ± 0.53, 15.69 ± 1.45, 19.57 ± 1.77, 24.07 ± 2.70, 27.46 ± 2.09, and 34.61 ± 2.32 for ewes respectively. The results of reproductive performance of the Balochi sheep age of ewe at the time of breeding, age at first service (AFS), service period (SP), age at first lambing (AFL), and lambing interval (LI) were 1078 ± 2.2, 579.61 ± 0.6, 206.25 ± 0.2, 731.67 ± 0.3, and 256.60 ± 0.3 days respectively. The twining and lambing rates were 10.12% and 86.78%, while the sex proportion for ram and ewes was 50.12:49.37. Area, sex, and TOB had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on weight while TOB (twinning rate) was higher in Balochi sheep. These conditions affected the productive and reproductive performance of the Balochi sheep. At Sheep Research Center, Yet Abad, Balochistan, Pakistan, performed fundamentally better in all qualities such as weight gain and reproductive performance. Supplements were given with feed to get maximum profit from the sheep of Yet Abad farm. The birth weight of males was higher than that of females and single conceived Balochi sheep were heavier than that of twins. Thus, it was concluded that the Balochi sheep can be improved with better management practices, feeding, and disease control., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)