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3. Orobanche gracilis Smith Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 4: 172 (Smith 1798). LECTOTYPE. — Designated by Foley 2001: 231, Herb. Smith 1087.11 (no. 1 LINN photo!). GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. — The range of this species extends almost continuously throughout the Mediterranean area in southern Europe from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Black Sea coast in the east, including Anatolia and the Caucasus Mountains. In the North it reaches France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and South West Slovakia (Kreutz 1995; Zázvorka 1997; Pusch et al. 2001; Sánchez Pedraja et al. 2005; Domina & Arrigoni 2007; Domina & RaabStraube 2010). In North Africa, it occurs in Morocco and Algeria (Domina & Raab-Straube 2010; Dobignard & Chatelain 2013), it is here the first record for the Tunisian flora. DISTRIBUTION IN TUNISIA. — Pine forests of Le Kef, area of ‘ Dir’ (NW Tunisia). HOSTS IN TUNISIA. — On Cytisus laniger DC. (Fig. 2) and Genista cinerea (Vill.) DC. (Fig. 3). The individuals growing on Genista cinerea have the characters used to distinguish O. gracilis var. deludens (Beck) A. Pujadas (synonym O. austrohispanica M. J. Y. Foley) the corolla keeled along dorsal line, reddish veined, pale coloured corollas lacking the shiny red interior typical of O. gracilis s.s. and almost glabrous filaments (Román et al. 2007). As already noted for Orobanche crenata Forrsk. (Domina 2018) this kind of variability of the parasite could be influenced by the different hosts. HABITAT. — On roadsides and edges within pine forests, on clayey soils of sunny places. FLOWERING PERIOD. — April to May. SPECIMEN SEEN. — Tunisia. Orobanche gracilis var. gracilis, Le Kef North, 36°10’14”N, 008°43’55”E, 625 m a.s.l., on Cytisus laniger, 30.IV.2019, G. Domina & R. El Mokni s.n. (PAL, Herb. Univ. Monastir). — O. gracilis var. deludens, Le Kef North, 36°10’14”N, 008°43’55”E, 625 m a.s.l., on Genista cinerea, 30.IV.2019, R. El Mokni s.n. (Herb. Univ. Monastir)., Published as part of Mokni, Ridha El, Domina, Gianniantonio & Barone, Giulio, 2023, New records of the genus Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) to the Tunisian flora with lectotypification of the name O. rapum-genistae Thuill., pp. 73-81 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (5) on pages 74-79, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a5, http://zenodo.org/record/7710026, {"references":["SMITH J. E. 1798. - Remarks on some Foreign Species of Orobanche. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 4: 164 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1798. tb 00524. x","FOLEY M. J. Y. 2001. - Orobanchaceae in the \" Flora Iberica \" area: new taxa, excluded taxa, and typification. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 58 (2): 223 - 233. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / ajbm. 2000. v 58. i 2.153","KREUTZ C. A. J. 1995. - Orobanche. Die Sommerwurzarten Europas. 1. Mittel - und Nordeuropa. Natuurhistorisch Genootschap, Limburg, 160 p.","ZAZVORKA J. 1997. - Orobanchaceae Vent. - zarazovite, in GOLIASOVA K. (ed.), Flora Slovenska [Flora of Slovakia], 5 / 2. Veda, Bratislava: 460 - 529. https: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / idurl / 1 / 15093","PUSCH J., DUCHECK M., HENZE U. & LAUSER P. 2001. - Orobanche gracilis und weitere bemerkenswerte Orobanche-Neufunde (Sommerwurz) im nordlichen Thuringen. Veroffentlichungen des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt 20: 51 - 55.","SANCHEZ PEDRAJA O., MORENO MORAL G., CARLON L., PIWOWARC- ZYK R., LAINZ M. & SCHNEEWEISS G. M. 2005 onwards. - Index of Orobanchaceae. http: // www. farmalierganes. com / Otrospdf / publica / Orobanchaceae % 20 - Index. html. (accessed on 18. XI. 2021).","DOMINA G. & ARRIGONI P. V. 2007. - The genus Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) in Sardinia. Flora Mediterranea 17: 115 - 136. https: // hdl. handle. net / 10447 / 4430","DOBIGNARD A. & CHATELAIN C. 2013. - Orobanche L., in DO- BIGNARD A. & CHATELAIN C. (eds), Index synonymique de la Flore d'Afrique du Nord volume 5: Dicotyledonae, Oleaceae a Zygophyllaceae. Publication hors-serie 11 d. Geneve: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Geneve: 18 - 27.","ROMAN B., HERNANDEZ R., PUJADAS A., CUBERO J. I., RUBIALES D. & SATOVIC Z. 2007. - Genetic diversity in two variants of Orobanche gracilis Sm. [var. gracilis and var. deludens (Beck) A. Pujadas] from different regions of Spain. Electronical Journal of Biotechnology 10 (2): 221 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0717 - 34582007000200006","DOMINA G. 2018. - Host-driven morphological variability in Orobanche crenata (Orobanchaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany 42 (11): 502 - 509. https: // doi. org / 10.3906 / bot- 1712 - 25"]}

2. Orobanche calendulae Pomel Bulletin de la Société des Sciences physiques, naturelles et climatologiques de l’Algérie 11: 110 (Pomel 1874). LECTOTYPE. — Designated by Domina et al. 2013: 761, MPU [MPU004862]photo!; isolecto-, (P [P00102804]photo!). GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. — This species is native to the Iberian Peninsula (S Portugal to SW Spain) and North Africa from the Canary Islands and Madeira to Morocco and Algeria (Domina & Raab-Straube 2010; Domina et al. 2013; Dobignard & Chatelain 2013; APD 2022; POWO 2022 -onward). In Tunisia it is here reported for the first time. DISTRIBUTION IN TUNISIA. — Along the northern coast of Tabarka, Melloula-Larmèel (NW Tunisia). HOSTS IN TUNISIA. — Collected on Calendula suffruticosa Vahl. HABITAT. — Grassy slopes with clayey soils, on sunny places. FLOWERING PERIOD. — April to May. SPECIMINA VISA. — Tunisia. Tabarka (Jendouba), 36°57’35”N, 008°45’04”E, 20 m a.s.l., 5.VI.2021, R. El Mokni s.n. (Herb. Univ. Monastir)., Published as part of Mokni, Ridha El, Domina, Gianniantonio & Barone, Giulio, 2023, New records of the genus Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) to the Tunisian flora with lectotypification of the name O. rapum-genistae Thuill., pp. 73-81 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (5) on page 74, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a5, http://zenodo.org/record/7710026, {"references":["POMEL N. A. 1874. - Nouveaux materiaux pour la flore atlantique. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences physiques, naturelles et climatologiques de l'Algerie 11: 1 - 260. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 142276","DOMINA G., GREUTER W., MARINO P. & SCHAFER P. A. 2013. - Types of names of Orobanche taxa described from North Africa. Plant Biosystems 147 (3): 758 - 766. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11 263504.2013. 829883","DOBIGNARD A. & CHATELAIN C. 2013. - Orobanche L., in DO- BIGNARD A. & CHATELAIN C. (eds), Index synonymique de la Flore d'Afrique du Nord volume 5: Dicotyledonae, Oleaceae a Zygophyllaceae. Publication hors-serie 11 d. Geneve: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Geneve: 18 - 27.","APD. 2022. - Orobanche L. in African Plant Database (version 3.4.0). Geneve: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Geneve; Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute. http: // www. ville-ge. ch / musinfo / bd / cjb / africa / details. php? langue = an & id = 193250 (accessed on 16 March 2022).","POWO. 2022 - onward. - Plants of the World Online. Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd. http: // powo. science. kew. org / taxon / 662091 - 1; Orobanche calendulae Pomel http: // powo. science. kew. org / taxon / urn: lsid: ipni. org: names: 662196 - 1; Orobanche rapum-genistae Thuill. http: // powo. science. kew. org / taxon / 662643 - 1 (accessed on 21. III. 2022)."]}

IDENTIFICATION KEY OF OROBANCHE L. SPECIES 1. Corolla with reddish or brown glandular hairs............................................................. Orobanche alba Willd. — Corolla without dark glandular hairs........................................................................................................... 2 2. Corolla inflated under the stamen insertion, narrowed distally.................................................................... 3 — Corolla of the same diameter throughout, or slightly widened distally......................................................... 5 3. Corolla yellow with purple veins; calyx teeth linear; stigma yellow or white.......................... O. hederae Duby — Corolla lavender; calyx teeth triangular; stigma pale violet........................................................................... 4 4. Plant 10-30 cm tall, inflorescence dense, corolla 15-18 mm long, anthers glabrous..................... O. cernua L. — Plant 35 or more cm tall, inflorescence lax, corolla 19-22 mm long, anthers hairy ............... O. cumana Wallr. 5. Calyx teeth linear, twice as long as the tube................................................................................................. 6 — Calyx teeth triangular, long at most, a little more than the tube.................................................................. 9 6. Corolla distally dark red......................................................................................................... O. foetida Poir. — Corolla whitish or yellowish with violet veins.............................................................................................. 7 7. Corolla lips curved outwards.............................................................................................. O. crenata Forssk. — Corolla lips straight..................................................................................................................................... 8 8. Corolla lobes with entire margin.................................................................. O. artemisiae-campestris Gaudin — Corolla lobes crenulate................................................................................................... O. calendulae Pomel 9. Corolla> 20 mm long............................................................................................................................... 10 — Corolla O. rapum-genistae Thuill. — Dorsal line of the corolla strongly curved near the base, almost straight distally......................................... 11 11. Middle lobe of the lower corolla lip larger than the lateral lobes........................................ O. variegata Wallr. — Middle lobe of the lower corolla lip smaller than or subequal to the lateral lobes..................... O. gracilis Sm. 12. Corolla geniculate above the base.................................................................................. O. amethystea Thuill. — Corolla with dorsal line regularly curved................................................................................................... 13 13. Corolla narrow (width / length = 0.2), distally red; stem bracts linear........................................................ 14 — Corolla wider (width / length ≥ 0.25), distally whitish with violet veins; stem bracts triangular.................. 15 14. Corolla lips straight, throat rounded ............................................................................. O. sanguinea C. Presl — Corolla lips curved outwards, throat flattened................................................................. O. densiflora Bertol. 15. Spike dense, with ± contiguous flowers................................................................................... O. litorea Guss. — Spike lax, with clearly spaced flowers......................................................................................................... 16 16. Corolla woolly on the upper lip; style pubescent............................................................... O. pubescens d’Urv. — Corolla glabrous or hairy; style subglabrous............................................................................................... 17 17. Flowers erecto-patent; filaments densely hairy at the base............................................... O. canescens C. Presl — Flowers patent; filaments scarcely hairy at the base.................................................................... O. minor Sm., Published as part of Mokni, Ridha El, Domina, Gianniantonio & Barone, Giulio, 2023, New records of the genus Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) to the Tunisian flora with lectotypification of the name O. rapum-genistae Thuill., pp. 73-81 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (5) on page 79, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a5, http://zenodo.org/record/7710026

4. Orobanche rapum-genistae Thuill. La Flore des environs de Paris, ed. 2.: 317 (Thuillier 1799). LECTOTYPE. — France. “Environs de Paris ”, s.d., J. L. Thuillier s.n. (lecto-, designated here, G [G00396694]photo!) (Fig. 4). NOTE Beck-Mannagetta (1930) reports: “vidi spec. orig. in Herb. Petrop.” The study of the herbarium samples preserved in LE resulted in only one specimen from Paris [LE01148356] photo! coming from the herbarium of Ledebour which has no direct connection with Thuillier and therefore cannot be considered original material. A specimen was found in P[P04384660]photo! with a label bearing the name of the species and the indication “Herb. Thuillier” but without place of collection and date. Another specimen has been found in G[G00396694]photo! that the imprinted label authenticates as coming from the Thuillier herbarium. It was so labeled when included in the Delessert collection). This label demonstrates that it is one of the originals used for the Flora of Thuillier. On fact Thuillier’s collections were purchased in 1827 by the banker Benjamin Delessert and transferred to Geneva (Lasègue 1845). In addition, the specimen in G is more abundant, better preserved and more complete. Therefore, we chose the specimen G[G00396694] as the lectotype of O. rapumgenistae Thuill. It includes two complete individuals and the basal portion of another one. The lectotype designated here matches the protologue and corresponds to the current application of the name. GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. — This species occurs from North West Europe to West and Central Mediterranean area including North Africa (POWO 2022 -onward). Its presence in Tunisia has not been reported by Pottier-Alapétite (1981) and it is considered doubtful in Le Floc’h et al. (2010) and in APD (2022). We here confirm its occurrence. DISTRIBUTION IN TUNISIA. — Aîn Draham (Jendouba), area of ‘Coll des Ruines’ (NW Tunisia). HOSTS IN TUNISIA. — Observed on Cytisus villosus Pourr. HABITAT. — Within oak forests, on acidic soil of stony slopes. FLOWERING PERIOD. — May to early August. SPECIMEN SEEN. — Tunisia. Aîn Draham (Jendouba), 36°47’01”N, 08°41’06”E, 775 m a.s.l., 4.VIII.2018, R. El Mokni s.n. (Herb. Univ. Monastir)., Published as part of Mokni, Ridha El, Domina, Gianniantonio & Barone, Giulio, 2023, New records of the genus Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) to the Tunisian flora with lectotypification of the name O. rapum-genistae Thuill., pp. 73-81 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (5) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a5, http://zenodo.org/record/7710026, {"references":["THUILLIER J. - L. 1799. - La Flore des environs de Paris, Nouvelle edition. L. Perronneau Imp., Paris, 550 p. https: // bibdigital. rjb. csic. es / idurl / 1 / 11156","LASEGUE A. 1845. - Musee botanique de M. Benjamin Delessert. Masson et Cie, Paris, 593 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 134793","POWO. 2022 - onward. - Plants of the World Online. Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd. http: // powo. science. kew. org / taxon / 662091 - 1; Orobanche calendulae Pomel http: // powo. science. kew. org / taxon / urn: lsid: ipni. org: names: 662196 - 1; Orobanche rapum-genistae Thuill. http: // powo. science. kew. org / taxon / 662643 - 1 (accessed on 21. III. 2022).","APD. 2022. - Orobanche L. in African Plant Database (version 3.4.0). Geneve: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Geneve; Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute. http: // www. ville-ge. ch / musinfo / bd / cjb / africa / details. php? langue = an & id = 193250 (accessed on 16 March 2022)."]}

1. Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd. Species Plantarum, ed. 4, 3: 350 (Willdenow 1800). LECTOTYPE. — Designated by Piwowarczyk et al. 2019: 67, (B [B-W11600 -03 0]!). GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. — The native range of this species extends from W Mediterranean to C Himalaya, SE Tibet to China (NW Sichuan) (POWO 2022 -onward). In North Africa this species is already reported from Morocco and Algeria (Dobignard & Chatelain 2013; APD 2022), this is its first record from Tunisia. DISTRIBUTION IN TUNISIA. — Along the northern coast of Bizerta, Cap-Blanc (NE Tunisia). HOSTS IN TUNISIA. — Collected on Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. (Fig.1). HABITAT. — Calcareous loamy soils within coastal stony slopes. FLOWERING PERIOD. — Early May to June. SPECIMEN SEEN. — Tunisia. Bizerta-North (Bizerta), 37°19’57”N, 009°51’43”E, 15 m a.s.l., 9.V.2018, R. El Mokni s.n. (Herb. Univ. Monastir)., Published as part of Mokni, Ridha El, Domina, Gianniantonio & Barone, Giulio, 2023, New records of the genus Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) to the Tunisian flora with lectotypification of the name O. rapum-genistae Thuill., pp. 73-81 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (5) on page 74, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a5, http://zenodo.org/record/7710026, {"references":["WILLDENOW K. L. 1800. - Species Plantarum, 4 e ed. Impensis G. C. Nauk, Berolini, 495 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 37657","PIWOWARCZYK R., SANCHEZ PEDRAJA O., MORENO MORAL G., FAYVUSH G., ZAKARYAN N., NUNE KARTASHYAN N. & ALEK- SANYAN A. 2019. - Holoparasitic Orobanchaceae (Cistanche, Diphelypaea, Orobanche, Phelipanche) in Armenia: distribution, habitats, host range and taxonomic problems. Phytotaxa 386 (1): 1 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 386.1.1","POWO. 2022 - onward. - Plants of the World Online. Orobanche alba Stephan ex Willd. http: // powo. science. kew. org / taxon / 662091 - 1; Orobanche calendulae Pomel http: // powo. science. kew. org / taxon / urn: lsid: ipni. org: names: 662196 - 1; Orobanche rapum-genistae Thuill. http: // powo. science. kew. org / taxon / 662643 - 1 (accessed on 21. III. 2022).","DOBIGNARD A. & CHATELAIN C. 2013. - Orobanche L., in DO- BIGNARD A. & CHATELAIN C. (eds), Index synonymique de la Flore d'Afrique du Nord volume 5: Dicotyledonae, Oleaceae a Zygophyllaceae. Publication hors-serie 11 d. Geneve: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Geneve: 18 - 27.","APD. 2022. - Orobanche L. in African Plant Database (version 3.4.0). Geneve: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Geneve; Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute. http: // www. ville-ge. ch / musinfo / bd / cjb / africa / details. php? langue = an & id = 193250 (accessed on 16 March 2022)."]}

A taxonomic account of the Centaurea parlatoris complex (Asteraceae), endemic to Sicily, is presented. This complex includes six taxa, three described in the 19th century (C. parlatoris, C. parlatoris var. tomentosa and C. parlatoris var. virescens) and three recently described (C. sicana, C. giardinae and C. heywoodiana). Starting from the designation of the types for the oldest plant names that have not been typified yet, taxonomic considerations are formulated and C. parlatoris var. virescens is elevated to the rank of species. An identification key and a distribution map complete this account.