188 results on '"Barnett, LM"'
Search Results
2. A systematic review of tools designed for teacher proxy-report of children’s physical literacy or constituting elements
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Essiet, Inimfon Aniema, Lander, Natalie, Salmon, Jo-Ann, Duncan, MJ, Eyre, ELJ, Ma, J, Barnett, LM, Essiet, Inimfon Aniema, Lander, Natalie, Salmon, Jo-Ann, Duncan, MJ, Eyre, ELJ, Ma, J, and Barnett, LM
- Published
- 2021
3. Guidelines for the selection of physical literacy measures in physical education in Australia
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Barnett, LM, Dudley, DA, Telford, RD, Lubans, DR, Bryant, AS, Roberts, WM, Morgan, PJ, Schranz, NK, Weissensteiner, JR, Vella, SA, Salmon, J, Ziviani, J, Okely, AD, Wainwright, N, Evans, JR, Keegan, RJ, Barnett, LM, Dudley, DA, Telford, RD, Lubans, DR, Bryant, AS, Roberts, WM, Morgan, PJ, Schranz, NK, Weissensteiner, JR, Vella, SA, Salmon, J, Ziviani, J, Okely, AD, Wainwright, N, Evans, JR, and Keegan, RJ
- Abstract
© 2019 Human Kinetics, Inc. Assessment of physical literacy poses a dilemma of what instrument to use. There is currently no guide regarding the suitability of common assessment approaches. The purpose of this brief communication is to provide a user's guide for selecting physical literacy assessment instruments appropriate for use in school physical education and sport settings. Although recommendations regarding specific instruments are not provided, the guide offers information about key attributes and considerations for the use. A decision flow chart has been developed to assist teachers and affiliated school practitioners to select appropriate methods of assessing physical literacy. School physical education and sport scenarios are presented to illustrate this process. It is important that practitioners are empowered to select the most appropriate instrument/s to suit their needs.
- Published
- 2019
4. Defining physical literacy for application in Australia: A modified delphi method
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Keegan, RJ, Barnett, LM, Dudley, DA, Telford, RD, Lubans, DR, Bryant, AS, Roberts, WM, Morgan, PJ, Schranz, NK, Weissensteiner, JR, Vella, SA, Salmon, J, Ziviani, J, Okely, AD, Wainwright, N, Evans, JR, Keegan, RJ, Barnett, LM, Dudley, DA, Telford, RD, Lubans, DR, Bryant, AS, Roberts, WM, Morgan, PJ, Schranz, NK, Weissensteiner, JR, Vella, SA, Salmon, J, Ziviani, J, Okely, AD, Wainwright, N, and Evans, JR
- Abstract
© 2019 Human Kinetics, Inc. Purpose: The development of a physical literacy definition and standards framework suitable for implementation in Australia. Method:Modified Delphi methodology. Results: Consensus was established on four defining statements: Core-Physical literacy is lifelong holistic learning acquired and applied in movement and physical activity contexts; Composition-Physical literacy reflects ongoing changes integrating physical, psychological, cognitive, and social capabilities; Importance-Physical literacy is vital in helping us lead healthy and fulfilling lives through movement and physical activity; and Aspiration-A physically literate person is able to draw on his/her integrated physical, psychological, cognitive, and social capacities to support health promoting and fulfilling movement and physical activity, relative to the situation and context, throughout the lifespan. The standards framework addressed four learning domains (physical, psychological, cognitive, and social), spanning five learning configurations/levels. Conclusion: The development of a bespoke program for a new context has important implications for both existing and future programs.
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- 2019
5. Validity and feasibility of an obstacle course to assess fundamental movement skills in a pre-school setting
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Klingberg, Brooke, primary, Hoeboer, J. J. A. A. M., additional, Schranz, Natasha, additional, Barnett, LM, additional, De Vries, Sanne I., additional, and Ferrar, Katia, additional
- Published
- 2019
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6. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and their correlates in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A systematic review
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Buchowski, M, Jones, RA, Downing, K, Rinehart, NJ, Barnett, LM, May, T, McGillivray, JA, Papadopoulos, NV, Skouteris, H, Timperio, A, Hinkley, T, Buchowski, M, Jones, RA, Downing, K, Rinehart, NJ, Barnett, LM, May, T, McGillivray, JA, Papadopoulos, NV, Skouteris, H, Timperio, A, and Hinkley, T
- Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder affects up to 2.5% of children and is associated with harmful health outcomes (e.g. obesity). Low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behaviors may contribute to harmful health outcomes. To systematically review the prevalence and correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviors in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, electronic databases (PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, Medline) were searched from inception to November 2015. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42014013849). Peer-reviewed, English language studies were included. Two reviewers screened potentially relevant articles. Outcomes of interest were physical activity and sedentary behaviour levels and their potential correlates. Data were collected and analysed in 2015. Of 35 included studies, 15 reported physical activity prevalence, 10 reported physical activity correlates, 18 reported sedentary behavior prevalence, and 10 reported sedentary behavior correlates. Estimates of children's physical activity (34-166 mins/day, average 86 mins/day) and sedentary behavior (126-558 mins/day in screen time, average 271 mins/day; 428-750 mins/day in total sedentary behavior, average 479 mins/day) varied across studies. Age was consistently inversely associated, and sex inconsistently associated with physical activity. Age and sex were inconsistently associated with sedentary behavior. Sample sizes were small. All but one of the studies were classified as having high risk of bias. Few correlates have been reported in sufficient studies to provide overall estimates of associations. Potential correlates in the physical environment remain largely unexamined. This review highlights varying levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Research is needed to consistently identify the correlates of these behaviors. There is a critical need for interventions to support healthy levels of these behaviors.
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- 2017
7. Does playing a sports active video game improve object control skills of children with autism spectrum disorder?
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Edwards, J, Jeffrey, S, May, T, Rinehart, NJ, Barnett, LM, Edwards, J, Jeffrey, S, May, T, Rinehart, NJ, and Barnett, LM
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BACKGROUND: Active video games (AVGs) encourage whole body movements to interact or control the gaming system, allowing the opportunity for skill development. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show decreased fundamental movement skills in comparison with their typically developing (TD) peers and might benefit from this approach. This pilot study investigates whether playing sports AVGs can increase the actual and perceived object control (OC) skills of 11 children with ASD aged 6-10 years in comparison to 19 TD children of a similar age. Feasibility was a secondary aim. METHODS: Actual (Test of Gross Motor Development) and perceived OC skills (Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence for Young Children) were assessed before and after the intervention (6 × 45 min). RESULTS: Actual skill scores were not improved in either group. The ASD group improved in perceived skill. All children completed the required dose and parents reported the intervention was feasible. CONCLUSION: The use of AVGs as a play-based intervention may not provide enough opportunity for children to perform the correct movement patterns to influence skill. However, play of such games may influence perceptions of skill ability in children with ASD, which could improve motivation to participate in physical activities.
- Published
- 2017
8. How active are rural children in Australian physical education?
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Barnett, LM, primary, Beurden, E van, additional, Zask, A, additional, Brooks, LO, additional, and Dietrich, UC, additional
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- 2002
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9. Fundamental movement skills — How do primary school children perform? The ‘Move it Groove it’ program in rural Australia
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van Beurden, E, primary, Zask, A, additional, Barnett, LM, additional, and Dietrich, UC, additional
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- 2002
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10. Gender differences in motor skill proficiency from childhood to adolescence: a longitudinal study.
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Barnett LM, van Beurden E, Morgan PJ, Brooks LO, and Beard JR
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- 2010
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11. Does childhood motor skill proficiency predict adolescent fitness?
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Barnett LM, Van Beurden E, Morgan PJ, Brooks LO, and Beard JR
- Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine whether childhood fundamental motor skill proficiency predicts subsequent adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS: In 2000, children's proficiency in a battery of skills was assessed as part of an elementary school-based intervention. Participants were followed up during 2006/2007 as part of the Physical Activity and Skills Study, and cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using the Multistage Fitness Test. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between childhood fundamental motor skill proficiency and adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness controlling for gender. Composite object control (kick, catch, throw) and locomotor skill (hop, side gallop, vertical jump) were constructed for analysis. A separate linear regression examined the ability of the sprint run to predict cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS: Of the 928 original intervention participants, 481 were in 28 schools, 276 (57%) of whom were assessed. Two hundred and forty-four students (88.4%) completed the fitness test. One hundred and twenty-seven were females (52.1%), 60.1% of whom were in grade 10 and 39.0% were in grade 11. As children, almost all 244 completed each motor assessments, except for the sprint run (n = 154, 55.8%). The mean composite skill score in 2000 was 17.7 (SD 5.1). In 2006/2007, the mean number of laps on the Multistage Fitness Test was 50.5 (SD 24.4). Object control proficiency in childhood, adjusting for gender (P = 0.000), was associated with adolescent cardiorespiratory fitness (P = 0.012), accounting for 26% of fitness variation. CONCLUSION: Children with good object control skills are more likely to become fit adolescents. Fundamental motor skill development in childhood may be an important component of interventions aiming to promote long-term fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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12. Program sustainability of a community-based intervention to prevent falls among older Australians.
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Barnett LM, Van Beurden E, Eakin EG, Beard J, Dietrich U, and Newman B
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Multi-strategy interventions have been demonstrated to prevent falls among older people, but studies have not explored their sustainability. This paper investigates program sustainability of Stay on Your Feet (SOYF), an Australian multi-strategy falls prevention program (1992-1996) that achieved a significant reduction in falls-related hospital admissions. A series of surveys assessed recall, involvement and current falls prevention activities, 5 years post-SOYF, in multiple original SOYF stakeholder groups within the study area [general practitioners (GPs), pharmacists, community health (CH) staff, shire councils (SCs) and access committees (ACs)]. Focus groups explored possible behavioural changes in the target group. Surveys were mailed, except to CH staff and ACs, who participated in guided group sessions and were contacted via the telephone, respectively. Response rates were: GPs, 67% (139/209); pharmacists, 79% (53/67); CH staff, 63% (129/204); SCs, 90% (9/10); ACs, 80% (8/10). There were 73 older people in eight focus groups. Of 117 GPs who were practising during SOYF, 80% recalled SOYF and 74% of these reported an influence on their practice. Of 46 pharmacists operating a business during SOYF, 45% had heard of SOYF and 79% of these reported being 'somewhat' influenced. Of 76 community health staff (59%) in the area at that time, 99% had heard of SOYF and 82% reported involvement. Four SCs retained a SOYF resource, but none thought current activities were related. Seven ACs reported involvement, but no activities were sustained. Thirty-five focus group participants (48%) remembered SOYF and reported a variety of SOYF-initiated behaviour changes. Program sustainability was clearly demonstrated among health practitioners. Further research is required to assess long-term effect sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
13. Can we skill and activate children through primary school physical education lessons? "Move it Groove it"--a collaborative health promotion intervention.
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van Beurden E, Barnett LM, Zask A, Dietrich UC, Brooks LO, Beard J, van Beurden, E, Barnett, L M, Zask, A, Dietrich, U C, Brooks, L O, and Beard, J
- Abstract
Background: Physical education (PE) lessons are an ideal setting to improve child fundamental movement skills (FMSs) and increase physical activity (PA) for optimal health. Despite this, few studies have assessed the potential to do both simultaneously. The "Move It Groove It" primary school intervention in New South Wales, Australia, had this opportunity.Methods: A whole school approach to implementation included establishment of school project teams, a teacher "buddy" system, project Web site, teacher training workshops, and small grants for equipment. The quasi-experimental evaluation involved 1,045 year 3 and 4 children (aged 7 to 10 years) in nine intervention and nine control rural primary schools (53% boys/47% girls). It utilised pre- and postobservational surveys of (1) mastery or near mastery levels for each of eight FMSs, (2) proportion of PE lesson time spent in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and vigorous PA (VPA), and (3) teacher- and lesson-related contextual covariates. Data were analysed by hierarchical logistic multiple regression.Results: For FMSs, overall mastery or near mastery level at baseline was 47% ranging from 22.7% for the overarm throw among girls to 75.4% for the static balance among boys. The intervention delivered substantial improvements in every FMS for both genders ranging from 7.2% to 25.7% (13 of 16 comparisons were significant). For PA level, mean MVPA at baseline was 34.7%. Baseline MVPA for boys was 38.7% and for girls was 33.2%. The intervention was associated with a nonsignificant 4.5% increase in MVPA and a significant 3.0% increase in VPA. This translates to a gain of <1 minute of MVPA per average 21-minute lesson.Conclusions: This is the first study to show that by modifying existing PE lessons, significant improvements in FMS mastery can be gained without adversely affecting children's MVPA and VPA. To increase PA levels, we recommend increasing the number of PE lessons per week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2003
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14. Physical literacy consensus for England: evidence review
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Hurter, L, Essiet, IA, Duncan, M, Roberts, WM, Lewis, K, Goss, H, Morris, JL, Bingham, DD, O'Brien, W, Barnett, LM, Shearer, C, Daly-Smith, A, and Foweather, L
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L1 ,sports
15. Physical literacy: insights from children and young people
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Morris, JL, Bingham, DD, Daly-Smith, A, Hurter, L, Essiet, IA, Duncan, MJ, Roberts, WM, Lewis, K, O'Brien, W, Barnett, LM, Shearer, C, and Foweather, L
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L1 ,sports
16. First national consultation on physical literacy in England: Summary findings
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Duncan, MJ, Essiet, IA, Hurter, L, Roberts, WM, Lewis, K, Goss, H, Morris, JL, Bingham, DD, O'Brien, W, Barnett, LM, Shearer, C, Daly-Smith, A, and Foweather, L
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L1 ,sports
17. Validity and feasibility of an obstacle course to assess fundamental movement skills in a pre-school setting
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Lisa M. Barnett, Joris Hoeboer, Natasha Schranz, S.I. (Sanne) de Vries, Katia Ferrar, Brooke Klingberg, Klingberg, Brooke, Hoeboer, JJAAM, Schranz, Natasha, Barnett, LM, De Vries, Sanne I, and Ferrar, Katia
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Adult ,Male ,Movement ,education ,Applied psychology ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Interviews as Topic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,motor skill competence ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Competence (human resources) ,Motor skill ,child development ,pre-school ,Medical education ,tv.genre ,feasibility studies ,Movement (music) ,Obstacle course ,Australia ,food and beverages ,030229 sport sciences ,Child development ,tv ,Young age ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Motor Skills ,Child, Preschool ,Exercise Test ,Linear Models ,Feasibility Studies ,Female ,Pre school ,School Teachers ,Psychology ,Preschool education - Abstract
Failure to master age-appropriate fundamental movement skills (FMS) at a young age can limit motor skill competence affecting health. Assessments often have issues with feasibility and implementation in a field setting. As such, the purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and feasibility of the Athletic Skills Track (AST), in a pre-school setting. For the validation study sixty-five 3–6 year old children (25 boys and 40 girls) from five pre-schools across Adelaide, Australia participated. Correlations and linear regression analysis (adjusted for age and gender) were used to investigate the association between the time to complete the AST and the raw score of the Test of Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2). For the feasibility study pre-school staff completed a semi-structured interview regarding the feasibility of the AST. The AST took less than a minute per child and the TGMD-2 around 20 minutes for two children. There was a strong negative correlation (r = −0.63, p < 0.01) between the AST scores and the TGMD-2 scores. All five staff reported strengths of the AST to be its short administration time, setup and appropriateness. These results suggest that the AST could be a feasible and valid method of FMS assessment in Australian pre-schools. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
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- 2019
18. A systematic review of the validity and reliability of sedentary behaviour measures used with children and adolescents
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Lubans, DR, Hesketh, K, Cliff, DP, Barnett, LM, Salmon, J, Dollman, J, Morgan, PJ, Hills, AP, and Hardy, LL
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validity ,reliability ,measurement - Abstract
The aim of this review was to evaluate the reliability and validity of methods used to assess the multiple components of sedentary behaviour (i.e. screen time, sitting, not moving and existing at low energy expenditure) in children and adolescents. Twenty-six studies met our inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Thirteen studies reported the reliability of self- and proxy-report measures of sedentary behaviour and seven of these were found to have acceptable test-retest reliability. Evidence for the criterion validity of self- and proxy-report measures was examined in three studies with mixed results. Seven studies examined the reliability and/or validity of direct observation and the findings were generally positive. Five studies demonstrated the utility of accelerometers to accurately classify sedentary behaviour. Self-report measures provide reliable estimates of screen time, yet their validity remains largely untested. While accelerometers can accurately classify participants' behaviour as sedentary, they do not provide information about type of sedentary behaviour or context. Studies utilizing measures of sedentary behaviour need to more adequately report on the validity and reliability of the measures used. We recommend the use of objective measures of sedentary behaviour such as accelerometers, in conjunction with subjective measures (e.g. self-report), to assess type and context of behaviour. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2011
19. Technology-Supported Physical Activity and Its Potential as a Tool to Promote Young Women's Physical Activity and Physical Literacy: Systematic Review.
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Watson-Mackie K, Arundell L, Lander N, McKay FH, Jerebine A, Venetsanou F, and Barnett LM
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- Humans, Female, Adolescent, Young Adult, Health Promotion methods, Health Literacy, Social Media, Exercise
- Abstract
Background: Despite the known benefits of physical activity (PA), rates of engagement in PA remain low globally. Low engagement in PA among young women can impact their health. Technology-supported PA may increase PA and physical literacy (PL; skills that can support PA) among young women., Objective: This systematic review aims to investigate the (1) associations between technology-supported PA and PA levels, (2) associations between technology-supported PA and PL levels, and (3) types of technology-supported PA that are associated with higher levels of PA engagement among young women aged 13 to 24 years. This age range was chosen as it includes two transitional periods characterized by decreases in PA., Methods: We searched 6 databases: Applied Science and Technology Source, Education Source, Embase, MEDLINE Complete, Global Health, and SPORTDiscus. Eligible studies were original research published in English between January 1, 2010, and April 24, 2024; focused on young women; and involving either technology-supported PA interventions or research exploring the correlation between technology and PA and PL. The findings of the review were presented descriptively. Study quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal tools. There were no deviations from the registered protocol., Results: In total, 23 (0.1%) studies (10,233 participants) from 23,609 records were included: randomized controlled trials (n=9, 39%), nonrandomized or retrospective observational studies (n=9, 39%), and cross-sectional studies (n=5, 22%). Of the 23 studies, 12 (52%) focused on young adults (aged ≥19 y), 9 (39%) involved adolescents (aged <19 y), and 2 (9%) focused on both groups. Nine studies (39%) were theory based. Common types of technology-supported PA were interactive websites or social media platforms (10/23, 43%), wearable fitness trackers (4/23, 17%), and mobile apps (4/23, 17%). PA or PL were predominantly self-reported (18/23, 78%). A total of 53 PA outcomes were measured: 36% (19/53) reported a positive impact on PA from mobile apps (9/15; 60% of analyses), interactive websites or social media platforms (8/27; 30% of analyses) and wearable fitness trackers (2/11; 18% of analyses). The impact on PL was weak (2/7; 29% of analyses). Eight studies (35%) were rated high, 7 (30%) medium, and 8 (35%) low in quality., Conclusions: There was limited evidence that technology-supported PA improved young women's PA or PL. The evidence was limited by poor study quality and a lack of theoretical frameworks. In addition, little information was provided on the designs of the technology used. Future interventions seeking to improve young women's PA and PL should focus on the development of mobile apps underpinned by behavior change theory and addressing whole domains of PL rather than specific elements. Given that technology continues to rapidly advance, further studies are needed to demonstrate the impact of technology-supported PA in improving PA and PL among young women., (©Kimberley Watson-Mackie, Lauren Arundell, Natalie Lander, Fiona H McKay, Alethea Jerebine, Fotini Venetsanou, Lisa M Barnett. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 18.10.2024.)
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- 2024
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20. Effects of Holistically Conceptualised School-Based Interventions on Children's Physical Literacy, Physical Activity, and Other Outcomes: A Systematic Review.
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Jerebine A, Arundell L, Watson-Mackie K, Keegan R, Jurić P, Dudley D, Ridgers ND, Salmon J, and Barnett LM
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Background: Schools are a key setting for promoting children's physical literacy development. This review aimed to identify school-based interventions that adopted a holistic conceptualisation of physical literacy and examine the effects on children's physical literacy and any other outcomes, including physical activity (PA)., Methods: Searches were conducted in seven databases (APA PsycINFO, EMBASE, ERIC, CINAHL, Global Health, MEDLINE Complete, SPORTDiscus with Full Text), and Google and Google Scholar, to identify articles published since 1/1/2017. Studies were included if they (i) adopted a holistic conception of physical literacy as represented by the Australian Physical Literacy Framework (APLF), (ii) were grounded in movement, (iii) assessed three or more domains of learning (either quantitatively or qualitatively), and (iv) included children aged 5-14 years. Quantitative research designs needed to provide pre-and post-intervention measures, whereas qualitative designs (e.g. post-intervention interviews) did not. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by teams of two authors. For intervention effects, quantitative and qualitative data were synthesised separately. For quantitative data, level of evidence for intervention effects was assessed by physical literacy domain and/or elements/items by examining the proportion of tests with a significant change in the expected direction. Qualitative data were synthesised using the framework synthesis method and mapped to a framework that included APLF domains/elements, PA, and additional outcomes., Results: Twelve interventions with 1,427 participants from seven countries were identified: six physical education-based, three afterschool, one structured recess, and two multicomponent. All studies assessed the physical domain quantitatively, with strong positive evidence of intervention effects for the controlled designs (10 of 15 tests). For the affective and cognitive domains, evidence was mixed, and there was no evidence for interventions improving the social components of children's physical literacy (although this was understudied). Most studies assessed PA and one measured cognitive performance; however, there was no evidence for positive intervention effects (i.e. ≥35% of tests reporting an improvement) for either outcome. Five studies assessed intervention effects qualitatively, with positive results reported for all physical literacy domains, PA, and cognitive performance., Conclusions: Holistic interventions in schools can improve the physical domain of children's physical literacy. For wider benefits, future interventions should aim to develop all facets of physical literacy, especially domains of learning less frequently targeted and examined., Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022351317., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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21. Perceived physical literacy in children and early adolescents: Two valid and reliable versions of the PL-C Quest.
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Ortega-Benavent N, Menescardi C, Romero-Martínez J, Barnett LM, and Estevan I
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- Humans, Female, Male, Adolescent, Child, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Literacy, Psychometrics methods, Spain, Exercise
- Abstract
Perceived physical literacy contributes to the understanding of individuals' physical activity (PA) engagement. It is important a scale is validated in the population of interest. Also, the type of administration may affect reliability and validity. So, the aim of this study was twofold: 1) to examine evidence of validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Physical Literacy for Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) in a cohort of children and adolescents and 2) to assess two versions of administering the scale. The study was conducted in two stages, depending on the administration format of the PL-C Quest (double-dichotomous, and four-point response style) in a cohort of 2004 (n
1 = 916; n2 = 1088) students. In both administration forms, evidence of validity (relation with other variables, i.e., concurrent and predictive, and structural validity), invariance (between boys and girls) and reliability (test-retest and internal consistency) were examined. There was evidence of validity for both administration types, with adequate reliability and good to excellent test-retest reliability for both administration forms. Both methods of administration for the PL-C Quest can capture perceived physical literacy in Spanish 8- to 14-year-old children and early adolescents., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Isaac Estevan reports financial support was provided by Spanish National Research Agency, Ministry of Science and Innovation [PID 2020-115075RA-I00 by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000]. Nuria Ortega-Benavent reports financial support was provided by the Conselleria de Educación, Universidades y Empleo [AICO/2022/185]. Jorge Romero-Martinez reports financial support was provided by Spanish Ministry of Universities [FPU21/03956 by the UNI/1504/2021]. The rest of authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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22. Development of a Global Physical Literacy (GloPL) Action Framework: Study protocol for a consensus process.
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Carl J, Mazzoli E, Mouton A, Sum RK, Singh A, Niederberger M, Martins J, Kriellaars D, Green N, Elsborg P, Dudley DA, Cairney J, Barratt J, and Barnett LM
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- Humans, Health Literacy, Delphi Technique, Global Health, Physical Education and Training methods, Exercise physiology, Consensus
- Abstract
Background: The holistic concept of physical literacy (PL) has gained growing attention in recent research, policy, and practice. Many important policy documents of the physical activity and educational fields (e.g., Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030 by the World Health Organization, UNESCO's Quality Physical Education guidelines for policymakers) have specified PL. However, a clear framework for action is needed, as most initiatives across the world are fragmented, lack a prospective orientation, can benefit from conceptual clarification, and are not linked to effective translation into practice. Therefore, we aim to consensually develop a Global Physical Literacy (GloPL) Action Framework to define goals and principles (asking what is needed) as well as actions and ways (asking how these can be achieved) to move PL forward., Materials and Methods: We apply a three-stage group Delphi technique involving three representation groups: (a) geographical representatives to achieve global coverage of perspectives; (b) representatives of special thematic interest reflecting prominent gaps of current PL activities; and (c) representatives of societies from the broad field of physical activity and health to facilitate dissemination. The process will begin with an individual pre-Delphi exercise, in which experts generate initial ideas for the framework, followed by a four-eye document analysis to derive themes for the discussion. Subsequently, the experts will meet face-to-face in three online rounds to discuss and prioritize the themes. Interspersed formal voting with pre-defined agreement thresholds (via descriptive statistics) will inform the inclusion of themes within the final framework., Conclusions: A global consensus on goals, principles, actions, and ways for the development of PL has the potential to provide a largely accepted roadmap for future activities in research, policy, and practice. The co-production approach will help disseminate the GloPL Action Framework and benefit work in relevant application fields of physical activity and health worldwide., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Carl et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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23. An Evaluation of the Reliability of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence and Its Relationship With Actual Water Competence.
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Jidovtseff B, Morgado LS, Sääkslahti A, Howells K, Barnett LM, D'Hondt E, Costa AM, and De Martelaer K
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- Humans, Child, Male, Female, Reproducibility of Results, Child, Preschool, Motor Skills physiology, Psychometrics standards, Swimming
- Abstract
In its recent development, the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence (PSPWC) showed good face and construct validity. However, additional reliability and validity research is needed, including test-retest reliability and a demonstration of the relationship between PSPWEC test scores and actual water competence. Toward that aim, we administered the PSPWC to 124 children, aged 5-8 years. We repeated this test administration after one week for a subset of 55 children to determine its test-retest reliability, and the remaining 69 children also performed the fully aligned Actual Aquatic Skills Test (AAST) in an indoor swimming pool to provide data for our investigation of the relationship between PSPWC scores and actual water competence. We found good test-retest reliability, both at the global level (ICC = 0.81, n = 55) and at the level of individual skills (Weighted kappa coefficients from 0.58 to 0.90), with no significant differences between these two test scores. We also found a moderate positive relationship between PSPWC and AAST total scores ( r = .64, n = 69), with no significant difference between total scores of actual and perceived water competencies. Children overestimated their competence in three specific skills: the back star, swimming on the front, and diving in deep water. While these results underline specific situations in which children's higher self-perceptions of their water competence are a risk factor for their water safety, these data confirm that the PSPWC is reliable for measuring children's perceived competencies in aquatic education and drowning prevention, and there is further support for its validity through a moderate correlation with actual water competencies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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24. Development of the Physical Literacy in Adults Scale (PLAS).
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Naylor A, Flood A, Barnett LM, and Keegan R
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- Humans, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Female, Male, Adolescent, Young Adult, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Surveys and Questionnaires, Healthy Lifestyle, Reproducibility of Results, Psychometrics, Health Literacy, Exercise psychology
- Abstract
Physical literacy relates to an individual's capacity to live a physically active and healthy lifestyle across the lifespan. Our understanding of physical literacy as a lifelong journey is hindered by a lack of valid measurement for adult populations. In response, we created a measure of physical literacy applicable to adults. A sample of 1180 adults answered a series of existing questionnaires assessing aspects of physical literacy. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques, we reduced the items to a 23-item six factor model, which had good fit to the data in both the exploratory analysis (χ
2 (130) = 254.770, p < 0.001; TLI = 0.965; RMSEA = 0.040 (95% CI: 0.031, 0.049)) and confirmatory analysis (χ2 ;(130) = 252.005, p < 0.001; TLI = 0.957; RMSEA = 0.046 (95% CI: 0.036, 0.056)). The resulting subjective measure, the Physical Literacy in Adults Scale (PLAS), is a single psychometric measure applicable to adults aged 18-75 years. The PLAS covers four domains (physical, psychological, social and cognitive) of physical literacy to provide a holistic physical literacy outcome. The PLAS represents an appropriate way to assess adult physical literacy, providing an important first step in understanding physical literacy as a lifelong journey.- Published
- 2024
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25. Sex differences in 3- to 5-year-old children's motor competence: A pooled cross-sectional analysis of 6241 children.
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Martins C, Webster EK, Romo-Perez V, Duncan M, Lemos LF, Staiano A, Okely A, Magistro D, Carlevaro F, Bardid F, Magno F, Nobre G, Estevan I, Mota J, Ning K, Robinson LE, Lenoir M, Quan M, Valentini N, Dehkordi PS, Cross P, Jones R, S Henrique R, Salami S, Chen S, Diao Y, Bandeira PR, and Barnett LM
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Sex Factors, Age Factors, Child Development physiology, Linear Models, Motor Skills physiology
- Abstract
There is some, albeit inconsistent, evidence supporting sex differences in preschoolers' motor competence (MC), with these observations not uniform when analyzed by age, and cultural groups. Thus, this study examined sex differences across ages in 3- to 5-year-old children's MC. A cross-country pooled sample of 6241 children aged 3-5 years (49.6% girls) was assessed for MC using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd/3rd edition, and children were categorized into groups of age in months. Multiple linear regression models and predictive margins were calculated to explore how sex and age in months affect scores of MC (i.e., locomotor and ball skills), with adjustments for country and BMI. The Chow's Test was used to test for the presence of a structural break in the data. Significant differences in favor of girls were seen at 57-59 and 66-68 months of age for locomotor skills; boys performed better in ball skills in all age periods, except for 42-44 and 45-47 months of age. The higher marginal effects were observed for the period between 45-47 and 48-50 months for locomotor skills (F = 30.21; and F = 25.90 for girls and boys, respectively), and ball skills (F = 19.01; and F = 42.11 for girls and boys, respectively). A significantly positive break point was seen at 45-47 months, highlighting the age interval where children's MC drastically improved. The identification of this breakpoint provides an evidence-based metric for when we might expect MC to rapidly increase, and an indicator of early delay when change does not occur at that age., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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26. Extrinsic Risk Factors for Primary Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Adolescents Aged between 14 and 18 years: A Systematic Review.
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Crotti M, Heering T, Lander N, Fox A, Barnett LM, and Duncan MJ
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- Humans, Adolescent, Risk Factors, Biomechanical Phenomena, Athletic Injuries epidemiology, Incidence, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
- Abstract
Background: Adolescents present a high incidence of ACL injury compared with other age groups. Examining the risk factors that predispose adolescents to primary noncontact ACL injury is a key strategy to decrease the number of injuries in this population., Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the existing literature investigating extrinsic risk factors that have been linked with primary noncontact ACL injury risk (identified either using ACL injury occurrence or using screening tests measuring biomechanical mechanisms for noncontact ACL injury) in adolescents including research investigating: (1) the association between extrinsic risk factors and primary noncontact ACL injury risk; and (2) whether primary noncontact ACL injury risk was different in populations or groups exposed to different extrinsic risk factors in adolescents., Methods: The same search strategy was used in MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, PubMed and Embase. Articles were included if: written in English; published in peer-reviewed journals; investigating and discussing primary noncontact ACL injury risk associated with extrinsic risk factors; they were original research articles with an observational design; and participants presented a mean age ranging between 14 and 18 years. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies (QATOCCS) was used to assess the quality and risk of bias of the articles included in this systematic review., Results: The systematic review included 16 eligible articles published up to August 2022 about extrinsic risk factors for primary noncontact ACL injury including: sport (8 studies); sport exposure amount (5); sport level (3); sport season (1); environment (2); equipment (1). Differences in biomechanical risk factors predisposing to ACL injury were reported by sport in female adolescents playing basketball and soccer; however, no good evidence of differences in primary noncontact ACL injury rate by sport was reported in both male and female adolescents. There was contrasting evidence about associations between sport exposure and biomechanical and neuromuscular risk factors predisposing to ACL injury or primary noncontact ACL injury rate in both male and female adolescent players from different sports. There was weak evidence of differences in biomechanical risk factors predisposing to ACL injury by environmental condition in both male and female adolescents playing soccer and season phase in male adolescents playing basketball. Lastly, few good-quality articles suggested that higher sport level might be associated with increased primary noncontact ACL injury rate in female adolescents playing basketball and floorball and that bracing might not prevent primary noncontact ACL injuries in both male and female adolescent players from different sports., Discussion: The findings emphasise the need for further research to clarify the evidence about extrinsic risk factors and primary noncontact ACL injury in adolescents to develop ACL injury prevention guidelines that would help practitioners and researchers identify adolescents at risk and design future interventions. Future epidemiological studies should collect data about extrinsic factors as well as data about primary noncontact injury separately from secondary injuries or contact injuries to better inform primary noncontact ACL injury prevention in adolescents., Registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VM82F (11/08/2021)., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
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- 2024
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27. Engineering luminopsins with improved coupling efficiencies.
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Slaviero AN, Gorantla N, Simkins J, Crespo EL, Ikefuama EC, Tree MO, Prakash M, Björefeldt A, Barnett LM, Lambert GG, Lipscombe D, Moore CI, Shaner NC, and Hochgeschwender U
- Abstract
Significance: Luminopsins (LMOs) are bioluminescent-optogenetic tools with a luciferase fused to an opsin that allow bimodal control of neurons by providing both optogenetic and chemogenetic access. Determining which design features contribute to the efficacy of LMOs will be beneficial for further improving LMOs for use in research., Aim: We investigated the relative impact of luciferase brightness, opsin sensitivity, pairing of emission and absorption wavelength, and arrangement of moieties on the function of LMOs., Approach: We quantified efficacy of LMOs through whole cell patch clamp recordings in HEK293 cells by determining coupling efficiency, the percentage of maximum LED induced photocurrent achieved with bioluminescent activation of an opsin. We confirmed key results by multielectrode array recordings in primary neurons., Results: Luciferase brightness and opsin sensitivity had the most impact on the efficacy of LMOs, and N-terminal fusions of luciferases to opsins performed better than C-terminal and multi-terminal fusions. Precise paring of luciferase emission and opsin absorption spectra appeared to be less critical., Conclusions: Whole cell patch clamp recordings allowed us to quantify the impact of different characteristics of LMOs on their function. Our results suggest that coupling brighter bioluminescent sources to more sensitive opsins will improve LMO function. As bioluminescent activation of opsins is most likely based on Förster resonance energy transfer, the most effective strategy for improving LMOs further will be molecular evolution of luciferase-fluorescent protein-opsin fusions., (© 2024 The Authors.)
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- 2024
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28. Prevalence of toddlers meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with parental perceptions and practices.
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Rivera E, Hesketh KD, Orellana L, Taylor R, Carson V, Nicholson JM, Barnett LM, Löf M, Koorts H, Becker D, Galland B, Salmon J, and Downing KL
- Subjects
- Humans, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Prevalence, Australia, Self Report, Parents, Sleep
- Abstract
Objectives: Whether toddlers (1-2 years) meet 24-hour Movement Guidelines and how parental practices and perceptions are related to compliance are uncertain. This study: a) estimated the proportion of toddlers meeting individual and combined movement guidelines; and b) examined associations between parental perceptions/practices and toddlers' compliance with movement guidelines., Design: Cross-sectional study., Methods: Australian parents self-reported their parenting practices/perceptions (routines, co-participation, restrictions, concerns, knowledge) and toddlers' movement behaviours in the baseline assessment of Let's Grow (n=1145), a randomised controlled trial. The World Health Organization's Guidelines on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep for children under 5 years were used to estimate the prevalence of compliance with individual and combined movement guidelines. Logistic models assessed cross-sectional associations., Results: The prevalence of meeting guidelines was 30.9% for screen time, 82.3% for sleep, 81.6% for physical activity, 20.1% for combined, and 2.1% meeting none. Parents' knowledge of the guidelines, fewer concerns and more favourable restrictions concerning movement behaviours were associated with greater compliance with individual and combined movement guidelines. Routines for screen time and for combined behaviours were associated with adherence to their respective guidelines. Less co-participation in screen time and more co-participation in physical activity were associated with greater compliance with the relevant guidelines., Conclusions: Given only 20% of toddlers met all guidelines, strategies early in life to establish healthy movement behaviours, especially screen time, are needed. Future studies could target the parental practices/perceptions identified in this study to support toddlers with optimal sleep and physical activity and reduced screen time., Competing Interests: Declaration of interest statement The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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29. The validity of the Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire in children aged 4 to 12.
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Diao Y, Wang L, Chen S, Barnett LM, Mazzoli E, Essiet IA, Wang X, Wang L, Zhao Y, Li X, and Li J
- Subjects
- Child, Female, Humans, Australia, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Self Report, Surveys and Questionnaires, Male, Child, Preschool, Literacy
- Abstract
Background: Given the growing evidence on the health benefits associated with physical literacy (PL), it is necessary to develop sound measures to assess the levels of PL in children. The Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) is the first self-report pictorial-based scale to assess children's perceived PL. It has good validity and reliability in Australian children aged 7 to 12 years, but little is known in younger children and in other cultural contexts. The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability in an expanded age range., Methods: A total of 1,870 Chinese children (girls, n = 871; 46.6%), aged 4 to 12 years (M = 8.07 ± 2.42) participated in validity testing. Structural equation modeling with the Weighted Least Squares with Mean and Variance approach was used to assess construct validity. The hypothesized theoretical model used the 30 items and four hypothesized factors: physical, psychological, social and cognitive capabilities. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess sex and age group (4-6 years, 7-9 years and 10-12 years) measurement invariance. Internal consistency analyses were conducted using polychoric alpha. A random subsample (n = 262) was selected to determine test-retest reliability using Intra-Class Correlations (ICC)., Results: All items except one (moving with equipment-skateboarding) loaded on sub-domains with λ > 0.45. The hypothesized model had a good fit (CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.042), with measurement equivalence across sex and age groups separately. Internal consistency values were good to excellent (overall: α = 0.94; physical: α = 0.86; psychological: α = 0.83; social: α = 0.81; cognitive: α = 0.86). Test-retest reliability was adequate to excellent (overall: ICC = 0.90, physical: ICC = 0.86, psychological: ICC = 0.75, social: ICC = 0.71, cognitive: ICC = 0.72)., Conclusion: The Chinese version of the PL-C Quest is valid and reliable for testing the self-reported PL of Chinese children aged 4 to 12. This study provides the first evidence of validity for this tool in children aged 4-6 years and also evidence that the PL-C Quest would be a meaningful instrument to assess PL in Chinese children., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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30. Educator-Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Structured-Physical Activity in Early Childhood Centres: A Systematic Review.
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Jerebine A, Heering T, and Barnett LM
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- Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Exercise, Motivation, Child Day Care Centers organization & administration
- Abstract
Purpose: Physical activity (PA) and motor competence development are vital for young children, yet many early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers struggle to successfully implement PA programs, particularly those organized and led by educators. This review aimed to synthesize qualitative literature to (1) identify educator-perceived barriers and facilitators to structured-PA in ECEC centers, and (2) map these to the COM-B model and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of five databases was conducted in April 2021 and updated in August 2022. Records were screened in Covidence software using predefined eligibility criteria. Using the framework synthesis method, data extraction and synthesis were conducted in coding forms in Excel and NVivo. Results: Of 2382 records identified, 35 studies were included, representing 2,365 educators across 268 ECEC centers in 10 countries. Using the COM-B model and TDF, an evidence-informed framework was developed. Findings revealed the greatest barriers concerned educator " opportunity" (e.g. competing time and priorities, policy tensions, indoor/outdoor space constraints) and " capability" (e.g. lack of PA knowledge and practical, hands-on skills) to implement structured-PA. Although fewer studies reported factors that influenced educator " motivation" , several themes intersected across the three COM-B components illustrating the complexity of behavioral determinants in this setting. Conclusions: Interventions grounded in theory that utilize a systems approach to target multiple levels of influence on educator behavior, and are flexible and adaptable locally, are recommended. Future work should seek to address societal barriers, structural challenges in the sector, and the PA educational needs of educators. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021247977.
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- 2024
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31. Motor skill competence and moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity: a linear and non-linear cross-sectional analysis of eight pooled trials.
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Barnett LM, Verswijveren SJJM, Colvin B, Lubans DR, Telford RM, Lander NJ, Schott N, Tietjens M, Hesketh KD, Morgan PJ, Hinkley T, Downing KL, Telford RD, Cohen KE, Ridgers ND, and Abbott G
- Subjects
- Child, Male, Female, Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Linear Models, Motor Skills, Exercise
- Abstract
Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between motor skill competence and device-measured physical activity in large samples and none have used non-linear modelling. This study assessed the linear and non-linear associations between motor skill competence and physical activity in children using pooled data from eight studies., Methods: Cross-sectional ActiGraph accelerometer and motor skills competence data from 988 children (50.8% boys) aged 3-11 years were included. Total, object control and locomotor skill competence were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Skill Development. Linear mixed models were fitted to examine linear associations between motor skill competence and physical activity. Then, restricted cubic splines models were used to assess potential non-linear relationships. Interactions by sex and age were assessed., Results: There was evidence of positive linear associations between total skill, and object control and locomotor skills, with moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity; however, the associations with total skill competence and object control better fitted a non-linear model. Non-linear models indicated associations were positive but relatively weak in the low to mid ranges of TGMD/object control scores but at high ranges (~ > 70 out of 100/ and ~ 35 out of 50) the association strength increased for both moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity. There were sex interactions for locomotor skills only, specifically for vigorous activity with boys having a stronger positive association than girls., Conclusions: There appears to be a threshold for object control skill proficiency that children need to reach to enhance their physical activity levels which provides support for a motor skill "proficiency barrier". This provides a tangible benchmark for children to achieve in motor competence programs., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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32. The Influence of Motor Competence on Broader Aspects of Health: A Systematic Review of the Longitudinal Associations Between Motor Competence and Cognitive and Social-Emotional Outcomes.
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Hill PJ, Mcnarry MA, Mackintosh KA, Murray MA, Pesce C, Valentini NC, Getchell N, Tomporowski PD, Robinson LE, and Barnett LM
- Subjects
- Humans, Exercise psychology, Longitudinal Studies, Mental Health, Cognition, Motor Skills physiology, Emotions
- Abstract
Background: Motor competence has important developmental associations with aspects of physical health, but there has been no synthesis of longitudinal associations with cognitive and social-emotional health., Objectives: The first aim was to present a conceptual model that positions motor competence as a mediator between physical activity and cognitive and social-emotional outcomes. The second aim was to synthesize the association of motor competence and cognitive and social-emotional development using longitudinal observational and experimental evidence, in particular to (i) identify the role of task, individual, and environmental characteristics in moderating the association between motor and cognitive and social-emotional outcomes and (ii) synthesize the strength of evidence pertaining to domain-specific relationships., Methods: This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched. Following study screening and risk-of-bias assessment by two authors, 49 eligible studies were identified for inclusion and grouped by study design. Evidence for domain-specific paths between motor competence and cognitive and social-emotional outcomes was synthesized by calculating the significant analyses in the hypothesized direction, divided by the total number of analyses for that path. These percentages were then collated for each domain outcome. This collated influence was classified as either no association (0-33%), written as '0', or indeterminate/inconsistent (34-59%), written as '?' If there were fewer than three studies in the domain, the strength of evidence was classified as insufficient (I)., Results: Of the 49 studies, 35% were able to satisfy six or more of the seven risk-of-bias criteria. Longitudinal observational evidence about domain-specific and global associations of motor competence and cognitive and social-emotional development is indeterminate. The included studies also did not provide evidence for a consistent moderating role of age and sex. Some preliminary experimental evidence does support the role of motor competence in moderating the influence of cognitively enriched physical activity on cognitive outcomes, especially working memory and social-emotional skills. However, too few studies were appropriately designed to acknowledge the moderating role of contextual mechanisms., Conclusions: Between-study heterogeneity means it was not possible to identify definitive domain- and construct-specific relationships between motor competence and cognitive and social-emotional outcomes. To further develop our understanding, it is important that researchers acknowledge the complexity of these relationships within rigorous study designs., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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33. Motor Competence and Body Mass Index in the Preschool Years: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Analysis of 5545 Children from Eight Countries.
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Martins C, Romo-Perez V, Webster EK, Duncan M, Lemos LF, Staiano AE, Okely A, Magistro D, Carlevaro F, Bardid F, Magno F, Nobre G, Estevan I, Mota J, Ning K, Robinson LE, Lenoir M, Quan M, Valentini NC, Cross P, Jones R, Henrique R, Chen ST, Diao Y, Bandeira PR, and Barnett LM
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Child, Preschool, Female, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Obesity, Motor Skills, Exercise
- Abstract
Background and Objective: One in five preschool children are overweight/obese, and increased weight status over time increases the risks of poorer future health. Motor skill competence may be a protective factor, giving children the ability to participate in health-enhancing physical activity. Yet, we do not know when the relationship between motor competence and weight status first emerges or whether it is evident across the body mass index (BMI) spectrum. This study examined the association between motor skill competence and BMI in a multi-country sample of 5545 preschoolers (54.36 ± 9.15 months of age; 50.5% boys) from eight countries., Methods: Quantile regression analyses were used to explore the associations between motor skill competence (assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development, Second/Third Edition) and quantiles of BMI (15th; 50th; 85th; and 97th percentiles), adjusted for sex, age in months, and country., Results: Negative associations of locomotor skills, ball skills, and overall motor skill competence with BMI percentiles (p < 0.005) were seen, which became stronger at the higher end of the BMI distribution (97th percentile). Regardless of sex, for each raw score point increase in locomotor skills, ball skills, and overall motor skill competence scores, BMI is reduced by 8.9%, 6.8%, and 5.1%, respectively, for those preschoolers at the 97th BMI percentile onwards., Conclusions: Public health policies should position motor skill competence as critical for children's obesity prevention from early childhood onwards. Robust longitudinal and experimental designs are encouraged to explore a possible causal pathway between motor skill competence and BMI from early childhood., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
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- 2024
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34. Real-Time Exposure to 3D-Printing Emissions Elicits Metabolic and Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.
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He X, Barnett LM, Jeon J, Zhang Q, Alqahtani S, Black M, Shannahan J, and Wright C
- Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printer usage in household and school settings has raised health concerns regarding chemical and particle emission exposures during operation. Although the composition of 3D printer emissions varies depending on printer settings and materials, little is known about the impact that emissions from different filament types may have on respiratory health and underlying cellular mechanisms. In this study, we used an in vitro exposure chamber system to deliver emissions from two popular 3D-printing filament types, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA), directly to human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) cultured in an air-liquid interface during 3D printer operation. Using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an optical particle sizer (OPS), we monitored 3D printer particulate matter (PM) emissions in terms of their particle size distribution, concentrations, and calculated deposited doses. Elemental composition of ABS and PLA emissions was assessed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Finally, we compared the effects of emission exposure on cell viability, inflammation, and metabolism in SAEC. Our results reveal that, although ABS filaments emitted a higher total concentration of particles and PLA filaments emitted a higher concentration of smaller particles, SAEC were exposed to similar deposited doses of particles for each filament type. Conversely, ABS and PLA emissions had distinct elemental compositions, which were likely responsible for differential effects on SAEC viability, oxidative stress, release of inflammatory mediators, and changes in cellular metabolism. Specifically, while ABS- and PLA-emitted particles both reduced cellular viability and total glutathione levels in SAEC, ABS emissions had a significantly greater effect on glutathione relative to PLA emissions. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, MMP-9, and RANTES were significantly increased due to ABS emissions exposure. While IL-6 and IL-8 were stimulated in both exposure scenarios, VEGF was exclusively increased due to PLA emissions exposures. Notably, ABS emissions induced metabolic perturbation on amino acids and energy metabolism, as well as redox-regulated pathways including arginine, methionine, cysteine, and vitamin B3 metabolism, whereas PLA emissions exposures caused fatty acid and carnitine dysregulation. Taken together, these results advance our mechanistic understanding of 3D-printer-emissions-induced respiratory toxicity and highlight the role that filament emission properties may play in mediating different respiratory outcomes.
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- 2024
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35. Physical Literacy in the Context of Climate Change: Is There a Need for Further Refinement of the Concept?
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Carl J, Abu-Omar K, Bernard P, Lohmann J, White P, Peters J, Sahlqvist S, Ma J, Duncan M, and Barnett LM
- Subjects
- Humans, Climate Change, Canada, Australia, Exercise psychology, Health Literacy
- Abstract
The concept of physical literacy (PL) has witnessed enormous popularity in recent years and has undergone substantial theoretical evolvement during the last 2 decades. However, the research field pertaining to PL has not yet initiated discussions around the challenges of climate change and the alignment with conceptualizations of planetary health. Therefore, we argue that the consideration of an "ecological domain" for individual physical activity, in the form of ecological awareness, would further evolve the concept. We illustrate how to potentially integrate adjustments within the most frequent PL definitions of the field (eg, those in Australia, Canada, England, Ireland, the United States, or by the International Physical Literacy Association) without questioning the entire integrity of these elaborate conceptualizations. An ecological domain of PL would not only interact with the postulated physical, cognitive, psychological/affective, and social domains of PL but also have important implications for the (re)design of interventions and practices in physical activity contexts. We call the scientific community, both on national and international scales, to intensify the discussions and initiate a research agenda involving an "ecological domain" of PL.
- Published
- 2024
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36. Playing it safe: The relationship between parent attitudes to risk and injury, and children's adventurous play and physical activity.
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Jerebine A, Mohebbi M, Lander N, Eyre ELJ, Duncan MJ, and Barnett LM
- Subjects
- Child, Adult, Humans, Male, Female, Australia epidemiology, Mothers, Recreation, Exercise, Parents
- Abstract
Background: Children naturally seek risk in play and adventurous play outdoors confers many benefits, including the potential to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parent attitudes to risk and injury, and their elementary school-aged child's daily adventurous play and MVPA., Methods: A panel sample of 645 Australian parents/guardians completed an online survey consisting of several validated measures of risk and injury attitudes, and physical activity and play behaviour. Data were analysed via descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariable regressions using Stata 17. A series of exploratory univariate logistic regressions were conducted, followed by a series of multivariable logistic regressions fitted to test the association between parent risk and injury attitudes and (i) children's MVPA, (ii) active play and (iii) adventurous play, while adjusting for socio-demographic factors., Results: Most adult participants (81%) were female. The mean age of the child participants (53% male) was 8.6 years (SD = 2.4). On average, parents were positive about children's engagement with risk, however, 78% of parents had low tolerance of risk when presented with specific play scenarios, and attitudes towards injuries varied, with mothers more concerned than fathers. After adjusting for confounders, children with parents who were tolerant of risk in play were more likely to meet the MVPA guideline of ≥60 min daily (OR 2.86, CI: 1.41, 5.82, p < 0.004) and spend more time playing adventurously (OR 3.03, CI: 1.82, 5.06, p < 0.001). Positive associations for MVPA and adventurous play were observed across all models examining parent attitudes to risk and injury. Younger children engaged in more play and physical activity, however, more positive parent attitudes appeared to moderate the age-related influences., Conclusions: We found a divergence between the outcomes parents desire for their children through engagement with risk and the play activities they are comfortable with in practice. Parent attitudes to risk and injury are potentially modifiable factors that may increase children's affordances for adventurous play and physical activity. Interventions that provide parents with practical approaches to address injury concerns and support children's risk-taking in play outdoors are recommended., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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37. Development of ELIP to Assess Physical Literacy for Emerging Adults: A Methodological and Epistemological Challenge.
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Gandrieau J, Schnitzler C, Cairney J, Keegan R, Roberts WM, Barnett LM, Bentsen P, Dudley DA, Raymond Sum KW, Venetsanou F, Button C, Turcotte S, Berrigan F, Cloes M, Rudd JR, Riga V, Mouton A, Vašíčková J, Blanchard J, Mekkaoui L, Derigny T, Franck N, Repond RM, Markovič M, Scheuer C, and Potdevin F
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Reproducibility of Results, Exercise, Health Literacy
- Abstract
Purpose: Following increased interest in physical literacy (PL), development of appropriate tools for assessment has become an important next step for its operationalization. To forward the development of such tools, the objective of this study was to build the foundations of the Évaluation de la Littératie Physique (ELIP), designed to help reduce existing tensions in approaches to PL assessment that may be resulting in a low uptake into applied settings. Methods: We followed two steps: (1) the development of the first version of ELIP by deploying a Delphi method ( n = 30); and (2) the modification of items through cognitive interviews with emerging adults ( n = 32). Results: The expert consensus highlighted four dimensions of PL to be assessed-physical; affective; cognitive; and social-with new perspectives, including a preference for broad motor tests over fitness. Conclusion: Results offer new insights into the assessment of emerging adults' PL, but ELIP still requires further work concerning validity, reliability, and sensitivity.
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- 2023
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38. Engineering luminopsins with improved coupling efficiencies.
- Author
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Slaviero A, Gorantla N, Simkins J, Crespo EL, Ikefuama EC, Tree MO, Prakash M, Björefeldt A, Barnett LM, Lambert GG, Lipscombe D, Moore CI, Shaner NC, and Hochgeschwender U
- Abstract
Significance: Luminopsins (LMOs) are bioluminescent-optogenetic tools with a luciferase fused to an opsin that allow bimodal control of neurons by providing both optogenetic and chemogenetic access. Determining which design features contribute to the efficacy of LMOs will be beneficial for further improving LMOs for use in research., Aim: We investigated the relative impact of luciferase brightness, opsin sensitivity, pairing of emission and absorption wavelength, and arrangement of moieties on the function of LMOs., Approach: We quantified efficacy of LMOs through whole cell patch clamp recordings in HEK293 cells by determining coupling efficiency, the percentage of maximum LED induced photocurrent achieved with bioluminescent activation of an opsin. We confirmed key results by multielectrode array (MEAs) recordings in primary neurons., Results: Luciferase brightness and opsin sensitivity had the most impact on the efficacy of LMOs, and N-terminal fusions of luciferases to opsins performed better than C-terminal and multi-terminal fusions. Precise paring of luciferase emission and opsin absorption spectra appeared to be less critical., Conclusions: Whole cell patch clamp recordings allowed us to quantify the impact of different characteristics of LMOs on their function. Our results suggest that coupling brighter bioluminescent sources to more sensitive opsins will improve LMO function. As bioluminescent activation of opsins is most likely based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), the most effective strategy for improving LMOs further will be molecular evolution of luciferase-fluorescent protein-opsin fusions., Competing Interests: Disclosures The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
- Published
- 2023
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39. Validity, Reliability, and Feasibility of Physical Literacy Assessments Designed for School Children: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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Barnett LM, Jerebine A, Keegan R, Watson-Mackie K, Arundell L, Ridgers ND, Salmon J, and Dudley D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Humans, Child, Reproducibility of Results, Feasibility Studies, Canada, Australia, Literacy
- Abstract
Background: While the burgeoning researcher and practitioner interest in physical literacy has stimulated new assessment approaches, the optimal tool for assessment among school-aged children remains unclear., Objective: The purpose of this review was to: (i) identify assessment instruments designed to measure physical literacy in school-aged children; (ii) map instruments to a holistic construct of physical literacy (as specified by the Australian Physical Literacy Framework); (iii) document the validity and reliability for these instruments; and (iv) assess the feasibility of these instruments for use in school environments., Design: This systematic review (registered with PROSPERO on 21 August, 2022) was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement., Data Sources: Reviews of physical literacy assessments in the past 5 years (2017 +) were initially used to identify relevant assessments. Following that, a search (20 July, 2022) in six databases (CINAHL, ERIC, GlobalHealth, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus) was conducted for assessments that were missed/or published since publication of the reviews. Each step of screening involved evaluation from two authors, with any issues resolved through discussion with a third author. Nine instruments were identified from eight reviews. The database search identified 375 potential papers of which 67 full text papers were screened, resulting in 39 papers relevant to a physical literacy assessment., Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Instruments were classified against the Australian Physical Literacy Framework and needed to have assessed at least three of the Australian Physical Literacy Framework domains (i.e., psychological, social, cognitive, and/or physical)., Analyses: Instruments were assessed for five aspects of validity (test content, response processes, internal structure, relations with other variables, and the consequences of testing). Feasibility in schools was documented according to time, space, equipment, training, and qualifications., Results: Assessments with more validity/reliability evidence, according to age, were as follows: for children, the Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) and Passport for Life (PFL). For older children and adolescents, the Canadian Assessment for Physical Literacy (CAPL version 2). For adolescents, the Adolescent Physical Literacy Questionnaire (APLQ) and Portuguese Physical Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (PPLA-Q). Survey-based instruments were appraised to be the most feasible to administer in schools., Conclusions: This review identified optimal physical literacy assessments for children and adolescents based on current validity and reliability data. Instrument validity for specific populations was a clear gap, particularly for children with disability. While survey-based instruments were deemed the most feasible for use in schools, a comprehensive assessment may arguably require objective measures for elements in the physical domain. If a physical literacy assessment in schools is to be performed by teachers, this may require linking physical literacy to the curriculum and developing teachers' skills to develop and assess children's physical literacy., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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40. Perceived motor competence in early childhood predicts perceived and actual motor competence in middle childhood.
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Niemistö D, Barnett LM, Laukkanen A, Tolvanen A, and Sääkslahti A
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Child, Humans, Child, Preschool, Exercise, Movement, Aurora Kinase B, Motor Skills, Perception
- Abstract
The study aims were to (1) identify perceived motor competence (PMC) and actual motor competence (AMC) profiles in children at two time points (early and middle childhood) 3 years apart, (2) explore transitions between the profiles from T1 to T2, and (3) investigate how PMC-AMC profiles at T1 differ in their mean values for AMC and PMC variables at T2. PMC was assessed by the pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence for young children (PMSC). At T1, AMC was measured with Test of Gross Motor Development-third version (TGMD-3), and at T2, a shortened TGMD-3 was used. To identify the PMC-AMC profiles using latent profile analysis, the Mplus statistical package (version 8.7) was used. For aim 3, the Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars (BCH) method was used. There were 480 children (mean age 6.26 years, 51.9% boys) at T1, 647 children (mean age 8.76 years, 48.8% boys) at T2 (some children were too young to have the PMC assessment at T1), and 292 at both time points. For aim 1, three profiles were identified at each time point for each gender. Boys had two realistic profiles with medium and low levels of PMC-AMC, and an overestimation profile. Girls had a medium realistic profile, an overestimation, and an underestimation profile. The PMC-AMC profile in early childhood predicted the PMC-AMC profile (aim 2) and AMC and PMC variables (aim 3) in middle childhood, especially if a child had low PMC in early childhood. Children with low PMC in early childhood are at risk of low PMC and less AMC development in middle childhood., (© 2023 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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41. Identifying modifiable risk factors and screening strategies associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in children aged 6 to 13 years: A systematic review.
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Heering T, Rolley TL, Lander N, Fox A, Barnett LM, and Duncan MJ
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Child, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Knee Joint, Knee, Risk Factors, Biomechanical Phenomena, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries diagnosis, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries epidemiology, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries prevention & control
- Abstract
Growing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury incidence is reported in countries across Europe, North America and in Australia for 5-14-year-olds, yet research on injury risk reduction predominantly focuses on populations aged > 13 years. For injury risk reduction, it is crucial to understand (i) which modifiable risk factors are associated with ACL injury in children (6-13 years) and (ii) how these risk factors are assessed. Articles were grouped according to sex/gender and/or maturational/age differences and examined modifiable risk factors during different physical screening tasks. The included articles ( n = 40) predominantly examined intrinsic risk factors in girls aged 10-13 years. Factors mechanically linked to increased ACL loading at this age included increased peak knee adductor moments, knee valgus angles, hip and knee extension, and ground reaction forces. Assessment focused on laboratory-based assessments (e.g., motion capture, force plates). This review concluded that modifiable risk factors are present in children aged 6-13 years and that injury risk reduction strategies should be implemented as early as possible regardless of sex/gender. Further, screening strategies need updating to be childhood specific and feasible for the wide community. Additional research on extrinsic risk factors, norm values and children aged 6-9 years could allow for more targeted risk reduction strategies.
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- 2023
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42. The Use of Kaolin as a Prophylactic Treatment to Prevent Columnaris Disease ( Flavobacterium covae ) in Commercial Baitfish and Sportfish Species.
- Author
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Kelly AM, Renukdas N, Barnett LM, Beck BH, Abdelrahman HA, and Roy LA
- Abstract
Aquaculture farms in Arkansas, USA routinely battle columnaris disease caused by Flavobacterium covae . Columnaris is prevalent during stressful events such as feed training and when fish are stocked at high densities in holding vats before sale. Kaolin clay was effective in laboratory trials as a treatment for columnaris in catfish. As a result, fish farmers are interested in applying kaolin products but were hesitant as they feared that the high doses of kaolin clay in vats might negatively affect the gills and overall health of fish. Therefore, we evaluated potential clay concentrations that might be used to prophylactically treat fish in vats. The effects of low to excessively high doses (0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 g/L) of kaolin clay (AkuaPro
TM , Imerys, GA, USA) were evaluated using a 72 h bioassay conducted in static tanks using Micropterus salmoides , Pomoxis nigromaculatus , Lepomis macrochirus , Ictalurus punctatus , Notemigonus crysoleucas , and Pimephales promelas . Results of these trials revealed a 100% survival rate across all six fish species exposed to kaolin clay at concentrations of up to 8 g/L for 48 h (followed by a 24 h recovery period in clean water) with no adverse effects to eyes, skin, gastrointestinal tract, or liver histology noted at any treatment. In addition, Micropterus salmoides analyzed for heavy metals due to exposure to the clay indicated that concentrations did not differ from control fish.- Published
- 2023
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43. Child perceived motor competence as a moderator between physical activity parenting and child objectively measured physical activity.
- Author
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Laukkanen A, Niemistö D, Aunola K, Barnett LM, and Sääkslahti A
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Child, Preschool, Longitudinal Studies, Educational Status, Exercise, Parenting, Parents
- Abstract
This longitudinal study aimed to examine how physical activity parenting (PAP) directly predicted objectively measured children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentariness over a three-year transitional period from early to middle childhood, and second, whether the children's perception of motor competence (PMC) mediated or moderated the influence of PAP to children's MVPA or sedentariness. At time 1 (T1), PAP and children's (N = 396, mean age 5.80, SD 1.04) PA were assessed by parental questionnaire. Three years later, at time 2 (T2), children's (N = 396, mean age 8.80, SD 1.04) PMC was measured by a validated pictorial scale, and MVPA and sedentariness were measured by accelerometers. All the analyses were conducted using the Mplus statistical package (Version 8.4). The models were adjusted for the following covariates: children's PA (T1), gender (T1), age (T1), mean accelerometer measurement in hours per day (T2), and parents' education level (T1). Results showed that PAP at T1 did not significantly predict level of MVPA or sedentary time at T2 and, therefore, PMC did not mediate the PAP-children's MVPA or sedentary time relationship either. However, PMC significantly moderated the relationship between PAP and MVPA but not between PAP and sedentary time. The results suggested that parental support positively predicts children's MVPA among children with low PMC but not among children with high PMC. This unique finding proposes that family-based PA interventions could benefit from screening of children with low PMC and provision of PA counselling to their parents., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2023
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44. Advancing the understanding in the association between actual/perceived motor competence and health-related factors among children and adolescents.
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Estevan I, De Meester A, and Barnett LM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Humans, Motor Skills, Health Status
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
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- 2023
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45. What is needed to reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in children? - Hearing from experts.
- Author
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Heering T, Lander N, Barnett LM, and Duncan MJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Child, Hearing, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries prevention & control, Knee Injuries prevention & control, Knee Injuries complications, Athletic Injuries prevention & control, Athletic Injuries etiology, Athletic Performance
- Abstract
Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are an emerging health problem in children. Acknowledging considerable gaps in knowledge, the aim of this study was to examine the current knowledge on childhood ACL injury, and to explore risk assessment and reduction strategies, with experts in the research community., Design: Qualitative study; semi-structured expert interviews., Methods: Interviews with seven international, multidisciplinary academic experts were conducted from February until June 2022. A thematic analysis approach organized verbatim quotes into themes using Nvivo Software., Results: Gaps in knowledge on the actual injury mechanism, and influence of physical activity behaviours, constrain targeted risk assessment and reduction strategies in childhood ACL injuries. Strategies to examine and reduce the risk of ACL injury included: examining an athletes' whole-body performance, moving from constraint (e.g., squat) to less constraint (e.g., single-leg) tasks, making assessments into children's context, building a movement repertoire at young age, performing risk reduction programs, multiple sports, and prioritising rest., Conclusion: Research is urgently warranted on the actual injury mechanism, reasons for ACL injuries in children, and potential risk factors to update risk assessment and reduction strategies. Further, educating stakeholders on risk reduction strategies could be essential to address the increasing occurrence of childhood ACL injuries., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None declared., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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46. Development, explanation, and presentation of the Physical Literacy Interventions Reporting Template (PLIRT).
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Carl J, Barratt J, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Barnett LM, Dudley DA, Holler P, Keegan R, Kwan M, Scurati R, Sum RK, Wainwright N, and Cairney J
- Subjects
- Humans, Consensus, Physical Education and Training, Qualitative Research, Literacy, Exercise
- Abstract
Background: The physical literacy (PL) concept integrates different personal (e.g., physical, cognitive, psychological/affective, social) determinants of physical activity and has received growing attention recently. Although practical efforts increasingly adopt PL as a guiding concept, latest evidence has shown that PL interventions often lack specification of important theoretical foundations and basic delivery information. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to develop an expert-based template that supports researchers and practitioners in planning and reporting PL interventions., Methods: The development process was informed by Moher et al.'s guidance for the development of research reporting guidelines. We composed a group of ten distinguished experts on PL. In two face-to-face meetings, the group first discussed a literature-driven draft of reporting items. In the second stage, the experts anonymously voted and commented on the items in two rounds (each leading to revisions) until consensus was reached., Results: The panel recommended that stakeholders of PL initiatives should tightly interlock interventional aspects with PL theory while ensuring consistency throughout all stages of intervention development. The Physical Literacy Interventions Reporting Template (PLIRT) encompasses a total of 14 items (two additional items for mixed-methods studies) in six different sections: title (one item), background and definition (three items), assessment (one item each for quantitative and qualitative studies), design and content (five items), evaluation (one item plus one item each for quantitative and qualitative studies), discussion and conclusion (two items)., Conclusion: The PLIRT was designed to facilitate improved transparency and interpretability in reports on PL interventions. The template has the potential to close gaps between theory and practice, thereby contributing to more holistic interventions for the fields of physical education, sport, and health., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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47. Adolescents' Flexibility Can Affect Motor Competence: The Pathway from Health Related Physical Fitness to Motor Competence.
- Author
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Chagas DDV and Barnett LM
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Humans, Adolescent, Longitudinal Studies, Body Mass Index, Body Composition, Motor Skills, Physical Fitness, Exercise
- Abstract
Motor competence has been shown to predict health-related physical fitness (HRPF) components in youth, but there is indeterminate evidence for the reverse path. Even less is known about the specific relationship between motor competence and flexibility. Our aims in this study were to analyze the relationship between flexibility and motor competence among adolescents; and, secondarily, to examine the relationships between motor competence and other HRPF components (body composition and musculoskeletal fitness). We conducted a longitudinal study (14-months follow-up) with two measurement points of 128 participants (55.5% girls; 45% boys) aged 12-13 years at baseline. We assessed HRPF components at the first time point and determined motor competence at the second time point. We assessed HRPF in terms of body composition (body fat percentage), musculoskeletal fitness (sit-up test), and flexibility (sit and reach). We determined motor competence using the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). We employed multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) to examine the effect of HRPF on motor competence through three models, in which each HRPF component was considered an independent variable. Sex, age, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) z-scores were considered confounders. In our crude models all HRPF components significantly affected motor competence. In adjusted models, flexibility ( p = .002) and body composition ( p < .001) significantly affected motor competence. Overall, these results supported the assumptions that HRPF components are related to motor competence in adolescence, and that flexibility can affect motor competence in young people.
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- 2023
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48. Self and proxy (parents and teachers') reports of child motor competence: A three-year longitudinal study.
- Author
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Estevan I, Bowe SJ, Menescardi C, and Barnett LM
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Child, Male, Longitudinal Studies, Parents, Advance Directives, Locomotion, Educational Personnel
- Abstract
Objective: The aims of this study were to: 1) analyse the longitudinal trends in the evolution of the association between children's actual and perceived motor competence (AMC and PMC, respectively) according to the source of information: children, parents, and Physical Education (PE) teachers; 2) assess whether children, parents, and PE teachers can report on children's AMC longitudinally (considering the children's age, sex, and the type of motor competence)., Design and Method: A sample of 108 typically developing Spanish children (47.12% girls) from five schools participated in this study. AMC and PMC (locomotion, object control and overall MC) data was collected at three time points one year apart. Longitudinal mixed effects models with repeated measures were conducted., Results: Regardless of the domain of MC, no longitudinal association between children's AMC and PMC was found. Parents also exhibited limited capability to proxy report their children's AMC longitudinally. PE teachers' proxy reports of children' AMC were associated over time with object control and overall level., Conclusion: This study confirms the necessity of specific training in AMC to effectively report on children's motor competence. PE teachers can be seen as a potential source to empower children's AMC and PMC development over time., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2023
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49. Face and Content Validity of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence in Young Children.
- Author
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Morgado LS, Martelaer K, Sääkslahti A, Howells K, Barnett LM, D'Hondt E, Costa AM, and Jidovtseff B
- Abstract
An international group of experts have developed a pictorial tool to measure perceived water competence for children aged from 5 to 8 years old: the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence (PSPWC). The aim of the present study was to verify the validity of this tool. In the first part of the study, 120 children were interviewed to investigate face validity of the PSPWC to ensure that all pictorial items were understandable. In the second part of the study, 13 scientific and/or pedagogical international experts were invited to assess the tool's content validity via an online survey. Face validity results revealed that children were able to understand and sequence correctly the aquatic situations in 92% of the cases. The average Content Validity Index (CVI) of the PSPWC ranged from 0.88 to 0.95, showing acceptable content validity. Feedback from experts and children resulted in a major improvement of the "exit water" situation and minor improvements concerning some other items. Experts confirmed that the PSPWC was globally appropriate for different countries and cultures, except for the situation "water entry by slide" which was not considered usual practice in some countries. The PSPWC opens up to new fields of research; useful both for the prevention of drowning and for the support of children's aquatic education., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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- 2022
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50. Validity evidence for the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence short form (PSPWC-4).
- Author
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Barnett LM, Abbott G, Lander N, Jidovtseff B, and Ridgers ND
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Swimming physiology, Parents, Motor Skills physiology, Water
- Abstract
Promoting swimming and water safety is an important public health issue. The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Water Competence (PSPWC) requires children to indicate their perceived competence using three difficulty levels for 17 swimming scenarios. The aim was to purposefully select four critical scenarios of the PSPWC to create the PSPWC-short form and test for associations with actual swim competence. Four of 17 scenarios were selected and extended to a four-point response scale by adding an extra difficulty level. Parents whose children had participated in at least 1-week swim-intensive programme in 2021 were invited to participate in the study, and perceptions of 139 children (mean age 6.9 years, SD = 1.9) were matched with certificate data of actual swim competence pre- (n = 139) and post-programme (n = 29). Moderate positive correlations were found between swim level at programme start and perception of: retrieving an object in deep water ( rho = 0.57), swimming on front ( rho = 0.60), swimming on back ( rho = 0.69), treading water ( rho = 0.63) and the summed score of all four ( rho = 0.71). After adjusting for sex and age, higher perceived skill was still significantly associated with increasing achieved skill levels. The PSPWC-short form appears to provide a valid measure to be used as a brief screening assessment.
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- 2022
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