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1. List of Contributors

Author

Almeida, João Pedro, primary, Amaral Maia, Claudia Pires, additional, Fattori Assed Saad, Caroline, additional, Assimwe, Francis T., additional, Barnetson, Ross, additional, Benson, Paul M., additional, Bitencourt, Priscila Tortelli, additional, Boleira, Manuela, additional, Bravo, Francisco G., additional, Burdick, Anne E., additional, Burnett, Mark, additional, Camacho, Ivan D., additional, Correa, Andréa Ramos, additional, Corsini, Laura M., additional, Cosenza, Paula Periquito, additional, Cunha, Paulo Rowilson, additional, Currie, Bart J., additional, da Rosa Santos, Omar, additional, da Silva, Guilherme Almeida Rosa, additional, de Abreu, Marilda Aparecida Milanez Morgado, additional, de Aguiar, Fernanda Costa, additional, de Almeida Ferry, Fernado Raphael, additional, de Avelar Alchorne, Mauricio Mota, additional, de Barros, Luisa Kelmer Côrtes, additional, de Castro Dani, Christiane Maria, additional, de Cerqueira, Ana Maria Mosca, additional, de Queiroz Varella, Renata, additional, de Sousa Padilha, Carolina Barbosa, additional, de Souza Cardoso, Felipe, additional, de Souza Salles, Roberto, additional, Valerio do Nascimento, Leninha, additional, do Valle, Antonio Carlos Francesconi, additional, Eleutério, Jose, additional, Elson, Lynne, additional, Elston, Dirk M., additional, Ericsson, Charles D., additional, Feldmeier, Hermann, additional, Filho, Gunter Hans, additional, Fillinger, Ulrika, additional, Francesconi, Valeska A., additional, Francesconi, Fabio, additional, Francesconi, Glaucia, additional, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, additional, Guzman, Maria G., additional, Haddad, Vidal, additional, Hengge, Ulrich R., additional, Hozannah, Adriana, additional, Huang, David B, additional, Jalkh, Alex Panizza, additional, Jardim, Marcio Lobo, additional, Kalungi, Sam, additional, Kamath, Ratnakar, additional, Klotz, Laila, additional, Ko, Christine, additional, Kollipara, Ramya, additional, Kouri, Gustavo, additional, Laborne, Luiza, additional, Passos, Mauro Romero Leal, additional, Leutscher, Peter, additional, Liou, Nelson Eddi, additional, Lupi, Omar, additional, Machado-Pinto, Jackson, additional, Magnussen, Pascal, additional, Maniar, Janak K., additional, Mariano, Priscila Coelho, additional, Marques, Silvio Alencar, additional, McGinnis, Michael R., additional, Meixner, Jeffrey A., additional, Mejia, Rojelio, additional, Mendes, Luciana, additional, Mishra, Vineet, additional, Montelo, Livia, additional, Moss, William J., additional, Motta, Rogerio Neves, additional, Mwesigye, Frank, additional, Nahn, Edilbert Pellegrini, additional, Nguyen, Josephine, additional, Niemeyer-Corbellini, Joao Paulo, additional, O’Brien, Timothy, additional, Pastagia, Mina, additional, Patel, Seema, additional, Rehmus, Wingfield, additional, Richter, Joachim, additional, Salinas-Carmona, Mario Cesar, additional, Scollard, David M., additional, Semenovitch, Ivan, additional, Smith, Michael B., additional, Talhari, Sinesio, additional, Talhari, Carolina, additional, Tumwine, Lynnette, additional, Tyring, Stephen K., additional, Vasani, Resham, additional, Veasey, John Verrinder, additional, Vilasboas, Virgínia, additional, Welsh, Oliverio, additional, White, Anthony, additional, and Younes-Ibrahim, Mauricio, additional

Published
2017
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7. The basal layer in human squamous tumors harbors more UVA than UVB fingerprint mutations: a role for UVA in human skin carcinogenesis

Author

Agar, Nita S., Halliday, Gary M., Barnetson, Ross StC., Ananthaswamy, Honnavara N., Wheeler, Mark, and Jones, Alexandra M.

Subjects
Skin cancer -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

We hypothesized that a substantial portion of the mutagenic alterations produced in the basal layer of human skin by sunlight are induced by wavelengths in the UVA range. Using laser capture microdissection we examined separately basal and suprabasal keratinocytes from human skin squamous cell carcinomas and premalignant solar keratosis for both UVA- and UVB-induced adduct formation and signature mutations. We found that UVA fingerprint mutations were detectable in human skin squamous cell carcinomas and solar keratosis, mostly in the basal germinative layer, which contrasted with a predominantly suprabasal localization of UVB fingerprint mutations in these lesions. The epidermal layer bias was confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses with a superficial localization of cyclobutane thymine dimers contrasting with the localization of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanine adducts to the basal epithelial layers. If unrepaired, these adducts may lead to fixed genomic mutations. The basal location of UVA--rather than UVB-induced DNA damage suggests that longer-wavelength UVR is an important carcinogen in the stem cell compartment of the skin. Given the traditional emphasis on UVB, these results may have profound implications for future public health initiatives for skin cancer prevention.

Published
2004

8. List of Contributors

Author

Aoki, Valeria, primary, Aranda, Jennifer, additional, Assimwe, Francis T., additional, Azulay, Rubem David, additional, de Brito, Arival Cardoso, additional, Bacellar, Fatima, additional, Benson, Col Paul M., additional, Barnetson, Ross, additional, Bessinger, G. Todd, additional, Botelho, Michelle Gralle, additional, Bravo, Francisco G., additional, Brentjens, Mathijs, additional, Burdick, Anne E., additional, Burnett, Mark, additional, Cabrera, Juan, additional, Capó, Virginia A., additional, Campbell, Iphis, additional, de Cerquiera, Ana Maria Mosca, additional, Currie, Bart, additional, Demers, Denise M., additional, Diaz, Luis A., additional, Elston, Dirk M., additional, Ericsson, Charles D., additional, del Favero, Wânia Mara, additional, Filho, Gunter Hans, additional, Florião, Ryssia Alvarez, additional, Francescone, Fábio, additional, Frankel, Stacy, additional, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, additional, Junior, Vidal Haddad, additional, Hilario-Vargas, Julio, additional, Huang, David B., additional, Häussinger, Dieter, additional, Hengge, Ulrich R., additional, Jardim, Márcio Lobo, additional, Joffe, Renata A., additional, Kalungi, Sam, additional, Kamath, Ratnakar, additional, Ko, Christine, additional, Kouri, Gustavo, additional, Lee, Patricia, additional, Leutscher, Peter, additional, Lupi, Omar, additional, Machado-Pinto, Jackson, additional, Magnussen, Pascal, additional, Maia, Claudia Pires do Amaral, additional, Maniar, Janak, additional, Mahé, Antoine, additional, McGinnis, Michael R., additional, Meffert, Jeffrey, additional, Meixner, Jeffery A., additional, Meza-Valencia, Beatriz, additional, Moon, Charles, additional, Motta, Rogerio Neves, additional, Mwesigye, Frank, additional, Nascimento, Leninha Valério do, additional, Niemeyer-Corbellini, Joao Paulo, additional, Neves, René Garrido, additional, Nguyen, Josephine, additional, Olano, Juan P., additional, Ottolini, Martin, additional, Pang, Katie R., additional, Passos, Mauro Romero Leal, additional, Patel, Seema, additional, Perez, Dominique Fausto, additional, Reis, Andréa Neiva dos, additional, Rehmus, Wingfield, additional, Richter, Karl Heinz, additional, Richter, Joachim, additional, Rivitti, Evandro, additional, Sampaio, Sebastião A.P., additional, Santos, Omar da Rosa, additional, Semenovitch, Ivan, additional, Smith, Michael B., additional, Spinelli, Leticia, additional, de Sousa, Rita, additional, Sra, Karan K., additional, Talhari, Carolina, additional, Talhari, Sinésio, additional, Tumwine, Lynnette K., additional, Turner, Maria L., additional, Tyring, Stephen K., additional, Varella, Renata de Queiroz, additional, do Valle, Antônio Carlos Francescone, additional, Vera-Cabrera, Luciano, additional, Vivesvara, Govinda S., additional, Welsh, Olivera, additional, White, Anthony, additional, Wu, Jashin J., additional, Younes-Ibrahim, Mauricio, additional, and Zaitz, Clarisse, additional

Published
2006
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10. A prospective study of borderline leprosy reactions

Author

Barnetson, Ross St Clair

Subjects
616.9
Abstract

Leprosy is still one of the most important diseases in the world today: it afflicts 15 million people and is the most important cause of deformity in man. The causative organism, Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) has an affinity for skin and nerve and is remarkably nontoxic; therefore, most of the clinical manifestations are due to the host response. The nerve destruction with consequent deformity, which is the most important complication of the disease, usually occurs during borderline leprosy reactions. Surprisingly there has been little research into this type of reaction, though it seems likely that they result from an increase in cell-mediated immunological reactivity. This thesis describes a prospective study of 83 patients who attended the Addis Ababa Leprosy Hospital with borderline leprosy, the purpose of which was to clarify the mechanisms involved in borderline leprosy reactions. Seventeen of the 83 patients developed reactions during the period of follow up (between one and two years) and the clinical, histological and immunological findings were compared in this group of patients with those patients who did not develop reactions. It was observed that in the reaction patients there was a significant rise in lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses to both 'whole'and 'sonicated' preparations of M. leprae, confirming that these reactions are due to an increase in cell-mediated immunity to mycobacterial antigens. However it was found that in those patients who presented with reactions involving the skin alone, there was a very marked rise in the responses to whole M. leprae (and a smaller rise in response to sonicated M. leprae) whereas those who had reactions involving nerve alone had a rise in LT responses only to sonicated M. leprae. Those with involvement of skin and nerve in the reaction had a marked rise in responses to both antigens. The reason for this remains obscure, but it seems likely that bacillary membrane antigens are associated with 'skin' reactions, and cytoplasmic antigens with 'nerve' reactions; it is possible that this results from different handling of the bacilli by macrophages in skin and Schwann cells in nerve. There were two other findings of considerable importance related to the mechanisms which might be involved in reactions. Firstly, bacilli were often found in dermal and peripheral nerves without surrounding chronic inflammatory infiltrate, though there was marked granulomatous response in skin. It seems likely that this is of importance as sudden 'immune recognition' of bacilli in nerve tissue might account for the increased cell-mediated reactivity that occurs in this type of reaction. Secondly, autologous plasma, which is normally suppressive to LT responses to phytohaemagglutinin in leprosy, developed an augmenting effect during reaction. it is possible that plasma factors normally act as a form of 'brake' mechanism preventing delayed hypersensitivity reactions but during reaction this effect is lost. Probably the most important observation of the study in the short term was the effect of dapsone on reactions. It has always been taught that dapsone should be given initially at low dosage in an attempt to prevent reactions: however, there have been no published reports to support this hypothesis. In a study of 68 patients it was found that of those receiving dapsone 5 mg daily, 11 patients developed reactions whereas only 3 of those receiving 50 mg daily did so. This would suggest that dapsone in higher dosage does not predispose to borderline leprosy reactions, and indeed, may prevent them. When those patients who did not develop reactions were studied it was found that those with borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy had significantly higher LT responses to whole and sonicated M. leprae than those with borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy. However, there was considerable variation in both groups. Those patients with inflamed skin lesions had higher responses in both BT and BL patients than those with non-inflamed lesions, and indeed, those with BL leprosy and inflamed skin lesions had higher responses than those with BT leprosy with non-inflamed lesions. This would suggest that the LT test in leprosy reflects the degree of delayed hypersensitivity rather than that of protective immunity, and that as in tuberculosis, the two phenomena are not necessarily related. Thus some of the mechanisms involved in borderline leprosy reactions and the immune response in leprosy have been clarified, and it is hoped that as a result of this study reactions in some patients will be prevented. It is also hoped that the encouraging results of the study will stimulate further research into these reactions to minimise the morbidity of leprosy in the future.

Published
1977

33. Childhood atopic eczema. (Clinical Review)

Author

Barnetson, Ross St C and Rogers, Maureen

Subjects
Atopic dermatitis -- Care and treatment, Children -- Care and treatment, Health, Care and treatment
Abstract

Summary points Atopic eczema in children is a complex condition Four in five children with atopic eczema have IgE mediated allergy to inhalants or foods House dust mite exacerbates atopic [...]

Published
2002

37. Practicing dermatology in the South Pacific

Author

White, Anthony D. and Barnetson. Ross StC.

Subjects
American Samoa -- Health aspects, Pacific Islands -- Health aspects, Skin diseases -- Vanuatu, Samoans -- Health aspects, Oceanians -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Two dermatologists treated 1,072 patients in Samoa and Vanuatu during an international health aid project. Most patients presented with fungal infections, dermatitis, or scabies. A national program in Samoa treats all Samoans against scabies, but cases occur in those who refuse preventive care. The range of skin diseases in these tropical countries is similar to that seen among Australians, but often presenting with greater intensity.

Published
1998

46. The coexistence of lymphangiosarcoma and Kaposi's sarcoma in a renal transplant recipient

Author

Studniberg, Howard M., Rivers, Jason K., Cooke, Bridget E., and Barnetson, Ross StC.

Subjects
Kidneys -- Transplantation, Kaposi's sarcoma -- Case studies, Immunosuppression -- Complications, Health
Abstract

Kaposi's sarcoma was one of the first disorders to be recognized as part of the spectrum of AIDS. This cancer, however, is not limited to AIDS patients, although it is certainly more common among patients with compromised immune function. Kidney transplant recipients fall into this category, and are subsequently at higher risk for Kaposi's sarcoma. Curiously, kidney transplant recipients who develop Kaposi's sarcoma are generally of Jewish and Mediterranean ancestry, just as is the case for classic sporadic Kaposi's sarcoma. The origin and development of Kaposi's sarcoma is uncertain, but it is thought to arise from an endothelial (surface) cell. This origin is similar to that suspected for another cancer, lymphangiosarcoma, which arises from cells of the lymphatic vessels. Therefore, the origin of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and lymphangiosarcoma (LS) may be the same, and these two cancers may differ only in the subsequent course of differentiation taken by the cancer. In this light, it is interesting that researchers have found a patient who developed both KS and LS after receiving a kidney transplantation. The patient received a cadaveric kidney in 1971, and skin lesions consistent with KS developed one year later, although they were not recognized as KS at that time. Fourteen years later, the patient developed the blister-like lesions of LS. It is generally believed that the development and progression of LS is slower than that of KS; the different times of onset of symptoms in this patient are consistent with the different rates of development of these two cancers. In the present case, the cancers were very slowly progressive. After recognition of the nature of the patient's skin lesions, treatment with vinblastine was given. The Kaposi's lesions partially resolved and there has been no progression of the lymphangiosarcoma for the year following treatment. The simultaneous occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphangiosarcoma lends credence to the notion that these two cancers may arise in the same cells and may differ only in the course of progression of the cancerous cells thereafter. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

48. DNAzyme Targeting c-jun Suppresses Skin Cancer Growth

Author

Cai, Hong, Santiago, Fernando, Prado-Lourenco, Leonel, Wang, Bo, Patrikakis, Margaret, Davenport, Miles P., Maghzal, Ghassan J., Stocker, Roland, Chong, Beng, Lieschke, Graham J., Wong, Tak-Wah, Chesterman, Colin, Francis, Douglas J, Moloney, Fergal J., Barnetson, Ross St.C., Halliday, Gary M., Khachigian, Levon M, Parish, Christopher, Cai, Hong, Santiago, Fernando, Prado-Lourenco, Leonel, Wang, Bo, Patrikakis, Margaret, Davenport, Miles P., Maghzal, Ghassan J., Stocker, Roland, Chong, Beng, Lieschke, Graham J., Wong, Tak-Wah, Chesterman, Colin, Francis, Douglas J, Moloney, Fergal J., Barnetson, Ross St.C., Halliday, Gary M., Khachigian, Levon M, and Parish, Christopher

Abstract

Worldwide, one in three cancers is skin-related, with increasing incidence in many populations. Here, we demonstrate the capacity of a DNAzyme-targeting c-jun mRNA, Dz13, to inhibit growth of two common skin cancer types - basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas - in a therapeutic setting with established tumors. Dz13 inhibited tumor growth in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent syngeneic mice and reduced lung nodule formation in a model of metastasis. In addition, Dz13 suppressed neovascularization in tumor-bearing mice and zebrafish and increased apoptosis of tumor cells. Dz13 inhibition of tumor growth, which required an intact catalytic domain, was due in part to the induction of tumor immunity. In a series of good laboratory practice-compliant toxicology studies in cynomolgus monkeys, minipigs, and rodents, the DNAzyme was found to be safe and well tolerated. It also did not interfere in more than 70 physiologically relevant in vitro bioassays, suggesting a reduced propensity for off-target effects. If these findings hold true in clinical trials, Dz13 may provide a safe, effective therapy for human skin cancer.

Published
2012

50. Safety and tolerability of an intratumorally injected DNAzyme, Dz13, in patients with nodular basal-cell carcinoma: a phase 1 first-in-human trial (DISCOVER)

Author

Cho, Eun-Ae, primary, Moloney, Fergal J, additional, Cai, Hong, additional, Au-Yeung, Annie, additional, China, Carlos, additional, Scolyer, Richard A, additional, Yosufi, Benafsha, additional, Raftery, Mark J, additional, Deng, Jason Z, additional, Morton, Stephen W, additional, Hammond, Paula T, additional, Arkenau, Hendrik-Tobias, additional, Damian, Diona L, additional, Francis, Douglas J, additional, Chesterman, Colin N, additional, Barnetson, Ross St C, additional, Halliday, Gary M, additional, and Khachigian, Levon M, additional

Published
2013
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