2,844 results on '"Barnes E."'
Search Results
2. The design and statistical aspects of VIETNARMS: a strategic post-licensing trial of multiple oral direct acting antiviral Hepatitis C treatment strategies in Vietnam
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McCabe, L., White, I. R., Chau, N. V. Vinh, Barnes, E., Pett, S. L., Cooke, G. S., and Walker, A. S.
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Statistics - Applications - Abstract
Background Achieving hepatitis C elimination is hampered by the costs of treatment and the need to treat hard-to-reach populations. Treatment access could be widened by shortening treatment, but limited research means it is unclear which strategies could achieve sufficiently high cure rates to be acceptable. We present the statistical aspects of a multi-arm trial designed to test multiple strategies simultaneously with a monitoring mechanism to detect and stop those with unacceptably low cure rates quickly. Methods The VIETNARMS trial will factorially randomise patients to three randomisations. We will use Bayesian monitoring at interim analyses to detect and stop recruitment into unsuccessful strategies, defined as a >0.95 posterior probability of the true cure rate being <90%. Here, we tested the operating characteristics of the stopping guideline, planned the timing of the interim analyses and explored power at the final analysis. Results A beta(4.5, 0.5) prior for the true cure rate produces <0.05 probability of incorrectly stopping a group with true cure rate >90%. Groups with very low cure rates (<60%) are very likely (>0.9 probability) to stop after ~25% patients are recruited. Groups with moderately low cure rates (80%) are likely to stop (0.7 probability) before the end of recruitment. Interim analyses 7, 10, 13 and 18 months after recruitment commences provide good probabilities of stopping inferior groups. For an overall true cure rate of 95%, power is >90% to detect non-inferiority in the regimen and strategy comparisons using 5% and 10% margins respectively, regardless of the control cure rate, and to detect a 5% absolute difference in the ribavirin comparison. Conclusions The operating characteristics of the stopping guideline are appropriate and interim analyses can be timed to detect failing groups at various stages., Comment: 26 pages, 2 figures
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- 2019
3. 2018 International Atmospheric Rivers Conference: Multi-disciplinary studies and high-impact applications of atmospheric rivers
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Ramos, AM, Wilson, AM, DeFlorio, MJ, Warner, MD, Barnes, E, Garreaud, R, Gorodetskaya, IV, Lavers, DA, Moore, B, Payne, A, Smallcomb, C, Sodemann, H, Wehner, M, and Ralph, FM
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atmospheric Rivers ,International Atmospheric Rivers Conference ,meeting report ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences - Abstract
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) play a vital role in shaping the hydroclimate of many regions globally, and can substantially impact water resource management, emergency response planning, and other socioeconomic entities. The second International Atmospheric Rivers Conference took place at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, during 25–28 June, 2018, in La Jolla, California, USA. It was sponsored by the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E). A total of 120 people attended the Conference with 94 abstracts submitted and 30 participating students. In addition to the conference, the Student Forecasting Workshop was organised in the same week. During this workshop, students were exposed to AR forecasting tools, and learned examples of how these tools could be used to make decisions for various applications. The main goals of this conference were to bring together experts from across the fields of hydrology, atmospheric, oceanic, and polar sciences, as well as water management, civil engineering, and ecology to advance the state of AR science and to explore the future directions for the field. The conference was organised into traditional oral and poster presentations, along with panel discussions and Breakout Groups. This format allowed enhanced interaction between participants, driving progress within the scientific community and the enhanced communication of societal needs by various stakeholders. Several emerging topics of research were highlighted, including subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction of ARs and an overview of the AR Reconnaissance campaign. In addition to providing a forum to disseminate and debate new results from scientific talks and posters, the conference was equally effective and useful in linking scientists to users and decision-makers that require improved knowledge on ARs to manage resources and prepare for hazards. The third International Atmospheric Rivers Conference will be held in Chile in 2020, and hosted by the University of Chile, Santiago.
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- 2019
4. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) results from the AGITG DOCTOR trial: a randomised phase 2 trial of tailored neoadjuvant therapy for resectable oesophageal adenocarcinoma
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Mercieca-Bebber, R., Barnes, E. H., Wilson, K., Samoon, Z., Walpole, E., Mai, T., Ackland, S., Burge, M., Dickie, G., Watson, D., Leung, J., Wang, T., Bohmer, R., Cameron, D., Simes, J., Gebski, V., Smithers, M., Thomas, J., Zalcberg, J., and Barbour, A. P.
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- 2022
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5. Relationship of Urethral Dose and Genitourinary Toxicity Among Patients Receiving Vaginal High Dose Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy
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Cozma, A.I., Martell, K., Ravi, A., Barnes, E., Donovan, E., Paudel, M., Leung, E., and Taggar, A.
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- 2021
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6. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome as initial presentation for crohn’s colitis in adolescent male
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Das, S, primary and Barnes, E, additional
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- 2024
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7. Notch filtering the nuclear environment of a spin qubit
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Malinowski, F. K., Martins, F., Nissen, P. D., Barnes, E., Cywiński, Ł., Rudner, M. S., Fallahi, S., Gardner, G. C., Manfra, M. J., Marcus, C. M., and Kuemmeth, F.
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
Electron spins in gate-defined quantum dots provide a promising platform for quantum computation. In particular, spin-based quantum computing in gallium arsenide takes advantage of the high quality of semiconducting materials, reliability in fabricating arrays of quantum dots, and accurate qubit operations. However, the effective magnetic noise arising from the hyperfine interaction with uncontrolled nuclear spins in the host lattice constitutes a major source of decoherence. Low frequency nuclear noise, responsible for fast (10 ns) inhomogeneous dephasing, can be removed by echo techniques. High frequency nuclear noise, recently studied via echo revivals, occurs in narrow frequency bands related to differences in Larmor precession of the three isotopes $\mathbf{^{69}Ga}$, $\mathbf{^{71}Ga}$, and $\mathbf{^{75}As}$. Here we show that both low and high frequency nuclear noise can be filtered by appropriate dynamical decoupling sequences, resulting in a substantial enhancement of spin qubit coherence times. Using nuclear notch filtering, we demonstrate a spin coherence time ($\mathbf{T_{2}}$) of 0.87 ms, five orders of magnitude longer than typical exchange gate times, and exceeding the longest coherence times reported to date in Si/SiGe gate-defined quantum dots., Comment: 10 pages, including main text (5 figures) and supplementary information (2 figures)
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- 2016
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8. Presbyopia – A Review of Current Treatment Options and Emerging Therapies
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Katz JA, Karpecki PM, Dorca A, Chiva-Razavi S, Floyd H, Barnes E, Wuttke M, and Donnenfeld E
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presbyopia ,epidemiology ,patient characterization ,vision correction ,pharmacological therapies ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
James A Katz,1 Paul M Karpecki,2 Alexandra Dorca,3 Sima Chiva-Razavi,4 Heather Floyd,4 Elizabeth Barnes,4 Mark Wuttke,4 Eric Donnenfeld5 1The Midwest Center for Sight, Des Plaines, IL, USA; 2Kentucky Eye Institute, Lexington, KY, USA; 3Favoris AG, Basel, Switzerland; 4Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; 5Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island, Garden City, NY, USACorrespondence: Eric DonnenfeldOphthalmic Consultants of Long Island, 711 Stewart Avenue, Suite 160, Garden City, NY, 11530, USAEmail ericdonnenfeld@gmail.comAbstract: Presbyopia is a common age-related vision disorder characterized by a progressive inability to focus on near objects. If uncorrected or under-corrected, presbyopia can significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Presbyopia represents an area of considerable unmet need due to its rising prevalence worldwide as the population ages, the high proportion of under-treated individuals in some parts of the world, and the limitations of currently available corrective methods. Progressive or bifocal spectacles are associated with peripheral blur, a restricted visual field and impaired depth perception, which have been linked to an increased risk of falls in the elderly. Contact lens options can be difficult to maintain due to the development of age-related dry eye symptoms and reduced manual dexterity. Other corrective methods involve surgical interventions that modify the optics of the cornea, replace the crystalline lens, or attempt to restore active accommodation. While patients undergoing surgery report satisfactory outcomes post-operatively, many of them eventually require reading glasses. Non-invasive therapies with novel mechanisms of action are currently being investigated; these include miotic agents and UNR844, a lipoic acid choline ester. In this narrative review, available evidence on presbyopia prevalence, quality of life impact and risk factors are described, with a focus on observational studies in non-clinical settings. The diagnosis pathway and patient journey in presbyopia are outlined, and various treatment options are analyzed. The data reviewed herein reveals significant gaps in the provision of vision correction for this common condition, with a paucity of effective, non-invasive treatment options broadly accessible to presbyopic individuals.Keywords: presbyopia, epidemiology, patient characterization, vision correction, pharmacological therapies
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- 2021
9. Mu2e Technical Design Report
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Bartoszek, L., Barnes, E., Miller, J. P., Mott, J., Palladino, A., Quirk, J., Roberts, B. L., Crnkovic, J., Polychronakos, V., Tishchenko, V., Yamin, P., Cheng, C. -h., Echenard, B., Flood, K., Hitlin, D. G., Kim, J. H., Miyashita, T. S., Porter, F. C., Röhrken, M., Trevor, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Heckmaier, E., Kang, T. I., Lim, G., Molzon, W., You, Z., Artikov, A. M., Budagov, J. A., Davydov, Yu. I., Glagolev, V. V., Simonenko, A. V., Usubov, Z. U., Oh, S. H., Wang, C., Ambrosio, G., Andreev, N., Arnold, D., Ball, M., Bernstein, R. H., Bianchi, A., Biery, K., Bossert, R., Bowden, M., Brandt, J., Brown, G., Brown, H., Buehler, M., Campbell, M., Cheban, S., Chen, M., Coghill, J., Coleman, R., Crowley, C., Deshpande, A., Deuerling, G., Dey, J., Dhanaraj, N., Dinnon, M., Dixon, S., Drendel, B., Eddy, N., Evans, R., Evbota, D., Fagan, J., Feher, S., Fellenz, B., Friedsam, H., Gallo, G., Gaponenko, A., Gardner, M., Gaugel, S., Genser, K., Ginther, G., Glass, H., Glenzinski, D., Hahn, D., Hansen, S., Hartsell, B., Hays, S., Hocker, J. A., Huedem, E., Huffman, D., Ibrahim, A., Johnstone, C., Kashikhin, V., Kashikhin, V. V., Kasper, P., Kiper, T., Knapp, D., Knoepfel, K., Kokoska, L., Kozlovsky, M., Krafczyk, G., Kramp, M., Krave, S., Krempetz, K., Kutschke, R. K., Kwarciany, R., Lackowski, T., Lamm, M. J., Larwill, M., Leavell, F., Leeb, D., Leveling, A., Lincoln, D., Logashenko, V., Lombardo, V., Lopes, M. L., Makulski, A., Martinez, A., McArthur, D., McConologue, F., Michelotti, L., Mokhov, N., Morgan, J., Mukherjee, A., Murat, P., Nagaslaev, V., Neuffer, D. V., Nicol, T., Niehoff, J., Nogiec, J., Olson, M., Orris, D., Ostojic, R., Page, T., Park, C., Peterson, T., Pilipenko, R., Pla-Dalmau, A., Poloubotko, V., Popovic, M., Prebys, E., Prieto, P., Pronskikh, V., Pushka, D., Rabehl, R., Ray, R. E., Rechenmacher, R., Rivera, R., Robotham, W., Rubinov, P., Rusu, V. L., Scarpine, V., Schappert, W., Schoo, D., Stefanik, A., Still, D., Tang, Z., Tanovic, N., Tartaglia, M., Tassotto, G., Tinsley, D., Tschirhart, R. S., Vogel, G., Wagner, R., Wands, R., Wang, M., Werkema, S., White Jr., H. B., Whitmore, J., Wielgos, R., Woods, R., Worel, C., Zifko, R., Ciambrone, P., Colao, F., Cordelli, M., Corradi, G., Dane, E., Giovannella, S., Happacher, F., Luca, A., Miscetti, S., Ponzio, B., Pileggi, G., Saputi, A., Sarra, I., Soleti, R. S., Stomaci, V., Martini, M., Fabbricatore, P., Farinon, S., Musenich, R., Alexander, D., Daniel, A., Empl, A., Hungerford, E. V., Lau, K., Gollin, G. D., Huang, C., Roderick, D., Trundy, B., Brown, D. Na., Ding, D., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Lee, M. J., Cascella, M., Grancagnolo, F., Ignatov, F., Innocente, A., L'Erario, A., Miccoli, A., Maffezzoli, A., Mazzotta, P., Onorato, G., Piacentino, G. M., Rella, S., Rossetti, F., Spedicato, M., Tassielli, G., Taurino, A., Zavarise, G., Hooper, R., Brown, D. No., Djilkibaev, R., Matushko, V., Ankenbrandt, C., Boi, S., Dychkant, A., Hedin, D., Hodge, Z., Khalatian, V., Majewski, R., Martin, L., Okafor, U., Pohlman, N., Riddel, R. S., Shellito, A., de Gouvea, A. L., Cervelli, F., Carosi, R., Di Falco, S., Donati, S., Lomtadze, T., Pezzullo, G., Ristori, L., Spinella, F., Jones, M., Corcoran, M. D., Orduna, J., Rivera, D., Bennett, R., Caretta, O., Davenne, T., Densham, C., Loveridge, P., Odell, J., Bomgardner, R., Dukes, E. C., Ehrlich, R., Frank, M., Goadhouse, S., Group, R., Ho, E., Ma, H., Oksuzian, Y., Purvis, J., Wu, Y., Hertzog, D. W., Kammel, P., Lynch, K. R., and Popp, J. L.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well beyond the reach of the LHC. We describe herein the preliminary design of the proposed Mu2e experiment. This document was created in partial fulfillment of the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-2 approval., Comment: compressed file, 888 pages, 621 figures, 126 tables; full resolution available at http://mu2e.fnal.gov; corrected typo in background summary, Table 3.4
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- 2015
10. Natural Variability Can Mask Forced Permafrost Response to Stratospheric Aerosol Injection in the ARISE‐SAI‐1.5 Simulations.
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Morrison, A. L., Barnes, E. A., and Hurrell, J. W.
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STRATOSPHERIC aerosols ,PERMAFROST ,ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide ,EFFECT of human beings on climate change ,FORCED migration ,EARTH temperature ,PEATLANDS ,TUNDRAS - Abstract
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been proposed as a potential method for mitigating risks and impacts associated with anthropogenic climate change. One such risk is widespread permafrost thaw and associated carbon release. While permafrost has been shown to stabilize under different SAI scenarios, natural variability may mask this forced response and make it difficult to detect if and when SAI is stabilizing permafrost. Here we use the 10‐member ensemble from the ARISE‐SAI‐1.5 simulations to assess the spread in projected active layer depth and permafrost temperature across boreal permafrost soils and specifically in four peatland and Yedoma regions. The forced response in active layer depth and permafrost temperature quickly diverges between an SAI and non‐SAI world, but individual ensemble members overlap for several years following SAI deployment. We find that, due to projected permafrost variability, it may take more than a decade of SAI deployment to detect the effects of SAI on permafrost temperature and almost 30 years to detect its effects on active layer depth. Not only does natural variability make it more difficult to detect SAI's influence, it could also affect the likelihood of reaching a permafrost tipping point. In some realizations, SAI fails to prevent a local tipping point that is also reached in a non‐SAI world. Our results underscore the importance of accounting for natural variability in assessments of SAI's potential influence on the climate system. Plain Language Summary: Injecting highly reflective particles into the upper atmosphere, or stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), is a proposed climate intervention method for deliberately stabilizing or cooling the Earth's temperature and preventing undesirable impacts of human‐caused climate change, such as thawing permafrost. Permafrost can potentially release stored carbon into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and methane that contributes to the greenhouse effect. Climate model simulations show that SAI could stabilize permafrost and prevent it from thawing, but that natural fluctuations in the Earth's climate may cause a wide range of outcomes for future permafrost thaw depth and soil temperature. We show that, due to these natural climate fluctuations, it may take 10–30 years of SAI to clearly see its influence on permafrost thaw depth and temperature. Certain conditions that lead to runaway thaw and soil carbon release (i.e., tipping points) may also occur even if SAI successfully stabilizes the Earth's globally averaged temperature. When weighing possible outcomes of proposed climate intervention strategies, it is important to consider the effects of natural climate fluctuations in assessing the pros and cons of different strategies. Key Points: Projected natural variability in permafrost fields in peatland and Yedoma regions can mask forced response to stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI)Effect of SAI on active layer and soil temperature is only detectable after more than a decade of aerosol deploymentNatural variability affects likelihood of reaching precursor to permafrost tipping point despite surface cooling effect of SAI [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Salvage Re-irradiation With Single-modality Interstitial Brachytherapy for the Treatment of Recurrent Gynaecological Tumours in the Pelvis: A Multi-institutional Study
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Raziee, H., D'Souza, D., Velker, V., Barnes, E., Taggar, A., Mendez, L., and Leung, E.
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- 2020
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12. P1142 Antibiotic use in the twelve months prior to ileal pouch-anal anastomosis increases the risk for pouchitis: A population-based Danish cohort study
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Barnes, E, primary, Karachalia Sandri, A, additional, Herfarth, H, additional, and Jess, T, additional
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- 2024
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13. Late referral of cancer patients with malnutrition to dietitians: a prospective study of clinical practice
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Lorton, Cliona M., Griffin, O., Higgins, K., Roulston, F., Stewart, G., Gough, N., Barnes, E., Aktas, A., and Walsh, T. D.
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- 2020
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14. Influence of ENSO and the NAO on terrestrial carbon uptake in the Texas-northern Mexico region
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Parazoo, NC, Barnes, E, Worden, J, Harper, AB, Bowman, KB, Frankenberg, C, Wolf, S, Litvak, M, and Keenan, TF
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Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Geochemistry ,Oceanography - Abstract
Climate extremes such as drought and heat waves can cause substantial reductions in terrestrial carbon uptake. Advancing projections of the carbon uptake response to future climate extremes depends on (1) identifying mechanistic links between the carbon cycle and atmospheric drivers, (2) detecting and attributing uptake changes, and (3) evaluating models of land response and atmospheric forcing. Here, we combine model simulations, remote sensing products, and ground observations to investigate the impact of climate variability on carbon uptake in the Texas-northern Mexico region. Specifically, we (1) examine the relationship between drought, carbon uptake, and variability of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) using the Joint UK Land-Environment Simulator (JULES) biosphere simulations from 1950-2012, (2) quantify changes in carbon uptake during record drought conditions in 2011, and (3) evaluate JULES carbon uptake and soil moisture in 2011 using observations from remote sensing and a network of flux towers in the region. Long-term simulations reveal systematic decreases in regional-scale carbon uptake during negative phases of ENSO and NAO, including amplified reductions of gross primary production (GPP) (-0.42 ± 0.18 Pg C yr-1) and net ecosystem production (NEP) (-0.14 ± 0.11 Pg C yr-1) during strong La Niña years. The 2011 megadrought caused some of the largest declines of GPP (-0.50 Pg C yr-1) and NEP (-0.23 Pg C yr-1) in our simulations. In 2011, consistent declines were found in observations, including high correlation of GPP and surface soil moisture (r = 0.82 ± 0.23, p = 0.012) in remote sensing-based products. These results suggest a large-scale response of carbon uptake to ENSO and NAO, and highlight a need to improve model predictions of ENSO and NAO in order to improve predictions of future impacts on the carbon cycle and the associated feedbacks to climate change.
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- 2015
15. Measurement and simulation of the muon-induced neutron yield in lead
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Reichhart, L., Lindote, A., Akimov, D. Yu., Araujo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Belov, V. A., Bewick, A., Burenkov, A. A., Chepel, V., Currie, A., DeViveiros, L., Edwards, B., Francis, V., Ghag, C., Hollingsworth, A., Horn, M., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lebedenko, V. N., Lopes, M. I., Luscher, R., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. St J., Neves, F., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
A measurement is presented of the neutron production rate in lead by high energy cosmic-ray muons at a depth of 2850 m water equivalent (w.e.) and a mean muon energy of 260 GeV. The measurement exploits the delayed coincidences between muons and the radiative capture of induced neutrons in a highly segmented tonne scale plastic scintillator detector. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations reproduce well the measured capture times and multiplicities and, within the dynamic range of the instrumentation, the spectrum of energy deposits. By comparing measurements with simulations of neutron capture rates a neutron yield in lead of (5.78^{+0.21}_{-0.28}) x 10^{-3} neutrons/muon/(g/cm^{2}) has been obtained. Absolute agreement between simulation and data is of order 25%. Consequences for deep underground rare event searches are discussed., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures
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- 2013
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16. Mu2e Conceptual Design Report
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Project, The Mu2e, Collaboration, Abrams, R. J., Alezander, D., Ambrosio, G., Andreev, N., Ankenbrandt, C. M., Asner, D. M., Arnold, D., Artikov, A., Barnes, E., Bartoszek, L., Bernstein, R. H., Biery, K., Biliyar, V., Bonicalzi, R., Bossert, R., Bowden, M., Brandt, J., Brown, D. N., Budagov, J., Buehler, M., Burov, A., Carcagno, R., Carey, R. M., Carosi, R., Cascella, M., Cauz, D., Cervelli, F., Chandra, A., Chang, J. K., Cheng, C., Ciambrone, P., Coleman, R. N., Cooper, M., Corcoran, M. C., Cordelli, M., Davydov, Y., de Gouvea, A. L., De Lorenzis, L., Debevec, P. T., DeJongh, F., Densham, C., Deuerling, G., Dey, J., Di Falco, S., Dixon, S., Djilkibaev, R., Drendel, B., Dukes, E. C., Dychkant, A., Echenard, B., Ehrlich, R., Evans, N., Evbota, D., Fang, I., Fast, J. E., Feher, S., Fischler, M., Frank, M., Frlez, E., Fung, S. S., Gallo, G., Galucci, G., Gaponenko, A., Genser, K., Giovannella, S., Glagolev, V., Glenzinski, D., Gnani, D., Goadhouse, S., Gollin, G. D., Grace, C., Grancagnolo, F., Group, C., Hanson, J., Hanson, S., Happacher, F., Heckmaier, E., Hedin, D., Hertzog, D. W., Hirosky, R., Hitlin, D. G., Ho, E., Huang, X., Huedem, E., Hung, P. Q., Hungerford, E. V., Ito, T., Jaskierny, W., Jedziniak, R., Johnson, R. P., Johnstone, C., Johnstone, J. A., Kahn, S. A., Kammel, P., Kang, T. I., Kashikhin, V. S., Kashikhin, V. V., Kasper, P., Kawall, D. M., Khalatian, V., Kim, M., Klebaner, A., Kocen, D., Kolomensky, Y., Kourbanis, I., Kowalkowski, J., Kozminski, J., Krempetz, K., Kumar, K. S., Kutschke, R. K., Kwarciany, R., Lackowski, T., Lamm, M., Larwill, M., Lau, K., Lee, M. J., L'Erario, A., Leveling, T., Lim, G., Lindenmeyer, C., Logashenko, V., Lontadze, T., Lopes, M., Luca, A., Lynch, K. R., Ma, T., Maffezzoli, A., Marciano, W. J., Martini, M., Masayoshi, W., Matushko, V., McAteer, M., McCrady, R., Moccoli, A., Michelotti, L., Miller, J. P., Miscetti, S., Molzon, W., Morgan, J., Mukherjee, A., Nagaitsev, S., Nagaslaev, V., Niehoff, J., Neuffer, D. V., Nicol, T., Norman, A. J., Norris, B., Odell, J., Oh, S., Oksuzian, Y., Onorato, G., Orduna, J., Orris, D., Ostojic, R., Page, T., Paschke, K. D., Pauletta, G., Peterson, T., Piacentino, G. M., Pileggi, G., Pla-Dalmau, A., Pocanic, D., Polly, C. C., Polychronakos, V., Ponzio, B., Popovic, M., Popp, J. L., Porter, F., Presbys, E., Prieto, P., Pronskikh, V., Puccinelli, F., Rabehl, R., Ramsey, J., Ray, R. E., Rechenmacher, R., Rella, S., Ristori, L., Rivera, R., Roberts, B. L., Roberts, T. J., Rubinov, P., Rusu, V. L., Saputi, A., Sarra, I., Smertzidis, Y., Shanahan, P., Simonenko, A., Steward, J., Suslov, I., Sylvester, C., Tang, Z., Tartaglia, M., Tassielli, G., Tereshchenko, V., Theilacker, J., Tompkins, J., Tschirhart, R., Van Zandbergen, G., Vannini, C., Venanzoni, G., von der Lippe, H., Wagner, R., Walder, J. P., Walton, R., Wands, S., Wang, S., Warren, G., Werkema, S., White Jr, H. B., Wielgos, R., Wood, L. S., Woodward, M., Wu, J., Xiao, M., Yamada, R., Yamin, P., Yarritu, K., Yonehara, K., Yoshikawa, C., You, Z., Yu, G., Yurkewicz, A., Zavarise, G., and Zhu, R. Y.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Physics - Accelerator Physics - Abstract
Mu2e at Fermilab will search for charged lepton flavor violation via the coherent conversion process mu- N --> e- N with a sensitivity approximately four orders of magnitude better than the current world's best limits for this process. The experiment's sensitivity offers discovery potential over a wide array of new physics models and probes mass scales well beyond the reach of the LHC. We describe herein the conceptual design of the proposed Mu2e experiment. This document was created in partial fulfillment of the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-1 approval, which was granted July 11, 2012., Comment: 562 pages, 339 figures
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- 2012
17. Position Reconstruction in a Dual Phase Xenon Scintillation Detector
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Solovov, V. N., Belov, V. A., Akimov, D. Yu., Araújo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Burenkov, A. A., Chepel, V., Currie, A., DeViveiros, L., Edwards, B., Ghag, C., Hollingsworth, A., Horn, M., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lüscher, R., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. St J., Neves, F., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Reichhart, L., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Physics - Medical Physics - Abstract
We studied the application of statistical reconstruction algorithms, namely maximum likelihood and least squares methods, to the problem of event reconstruction in a dual phase liquid xenon detector. An iterative method was developed for in-situ reconstruction of the PMT light response functions from calibration data taken with an uncollimated gamma-ray source. Using the techniques described, the performance of the ZEPLIN-III dark matter detector was studied for 122 keV gamma-rays. For the inner part of the detector (R<100 mm), spatial resolutions of 13 mm and 1.6 mm FWHM were measured in the horizontal plane for primary and secondary scintillation, respectively. An energy resolution of 8.1% FWHM was achieved at that energy. The possibility of using this technique for improving performance and reducing cost of scintillation cameras for medical applications is currently under study., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, in the Conference Record of IEEE NSS 2011, accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. on Nuc. Sci
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- 2011
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18. Performance data from the ZEPLIN-III second science run
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Majewski, P., Solovov, V. N., Akimov, D. Yu., Araujo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Belov, V. A., Burenkov, A. A., Chepel, V., Currie, A., DeViveiros, L., Edwards, B., Ghag, C., Hollingsworth, A., Horn, M., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Luscher, R., Murphy, A. St J., Neves, F., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Reichhart, L., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Smith, N. J. T., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
ZEPLIN-III is a two-phase xenon direct dark matter experiment located at the Boulby Mine (UK). After its first science run in 2008 it was upgraded with: an array of low background photomultipliers, a new anti-coincidence detector system with plastic scintillator and an improved calibration system. After 319 days of data taking the second science run ended in May 2011. In this paper we describe the instrument performance with emphasis on the position and energy reconstruction algorithm and summarise the final science results., Comment: Submitted to PSD9 conference proceedings
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- 2011
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19. Quenching Factor for Low Energy Nuclear Recoils in a Plastic Scintillator
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Reichhart, L., Akimov, D. Yu., Araujo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Belov, V. A., Burenkov, A. A., Chepel, V., Currie, A., DeViveiros, L., Edwards, B., Francis, V., Ghag, C., Hollingsworth, A., Horn, M., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Luscher, R., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. St J., Neves, F., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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Nuclear Experiment ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Plastic scintillators are widely used in industry, medicine and scientific research, including nuclear and particle physics. Although one of their most common applications is in neutron detection, experimental data on their response to low-energy nuclear recoils are scarce. Here, the relative scintillation efficiency for neutron-induced nuclear recoils in a polystyrene-based plastic scintillator (UPS-923A) is presented, exploring recoil energies between 125 keV and 850 keV. Monte Carlo simulations, incorporating light collection efficiency and energy resolution effects, are used to generate neutron scattering spectra which are matched to observed distributions of scintillation signals to parameterise the energy-dependent quenching factor. At energies above 300 keV the dependence is reasonably described using the semi-empirical formulation of Birks and a kB factor of (0.014+/-0.002) g/MeVcm^2 has been determined. Below that energy the measured quenching factor falls more steeply than predicted by the Birks formalism., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures
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- 2011
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20. WIMP-nucleon cross-section results from the second science run of ZEPLIN-III
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Akimov, D. Yu., Araujo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Belov, V. A., Bewick, A., Burenkov, A. A., Chepel, V., Currie, A., DeViveiros, L., Edwards, B., Ghag, C., Hollingsworth, A., Horn, M., Jones, W. G., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Luscher, R., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. StJ., Neves, F., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Reichhart, L., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
We report experimental upper limits on WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections from the second science run of ZEPLIN-III at the Boulby Underground Laboratory. A raw fiducial exposure of 1,344 kg.days was accrued over 319 days of continuous operation between June 2010 and May 2011. A total of eight events was observed in the signal acceptance region in the nuclear recoil energy range 7-29 keV, which is compatible with background expectations. This allows the exclusion of the scalar cross-section above 4.8E-8 pb near 50 GeV/c^2 WIMP mass with 90% confidence. Combined with data from the first run, this result improves to 3.9E-8 pb. The corresponding WIMP-neutron spin-dependent cross-section limit is 8.0E-3 pb. The ZEPLIN programme reaches thus its conclusion at Boulby, having deployed and exploited successfully three liquid xenon experiments of increasing reach.
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- 2011
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21. Single electron emission in two-phase xenon with application to the detection of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering
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Santos, E., Edwards, B., Chepel, V., Araujo, H. M., Akimov, D. Yu., Barnes, E. J., Belov, V. A., Burenkov, A. A., Currie, A., DeViveiros, L., Ghag, C., Hollingsworth, A., Horn, M., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Luscher, R., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. StJ., Neves, F., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Reichhart, L., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
We present an experimental study of single electron emission in ZEPLIN-III, a two-phase xenon experiment built to search for dark matter WIMPs, and discuss applications enabled by the excellent signal-to-noise ratio achieved in detecting this signature. Firstly, we demonstrate a practical method for precise measurement of the free electron lifetime in liquid xenon during normal operation of these detectors. Then, using a realistic detector response model and backgrounds, we assess the feasibility of deploying such an instrument for measuring coherent neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering using the ionisation channel in the few-electron regime. We conclude that it should be possible to measure this elusive neutrino signature above an ionisation threshold of $\sim$3 electrons both at a stopped pion source and at a nuclear reactor. Detectable signal rates are larger in the reactor case, but the triggered measurement and harder recoil energy spectrum afforded by the accelerator source enable lower overall background and fiducialisation of the active volume.
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- 2011
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22. ZE3RA: The ZEPLIN-III Reduction and Analysis Package
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Neves, F., Akimov, D. Yu., Araújo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Belov, V. A., Burenkov, A. A., Chepel, V., Currie, A., DeViveiros, L., Edwards, B., Ghag, C., Hollingsworth, A., Horn, M., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lüscher, R., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. St J., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Reichhart, L., Rodrigues, S., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
ZE3RA is the software package responsible for processing the raw data from the ZEPLIN-III dark matter experiment and its reduction into a set of parameters used in all subsequent analyses. The detector is a liquid xenon time projection chamber with scintillation and electroluminescence signals read out by an array of 31 photomultipliers. The dual range 62-channel data stream is optimised for the detection of scintillation pulses down to a single photoelectron and of ionisation signals as small as those produced by single electrons. We discuss in particular several strategies related to data filtering, pulse finding and pulse clustering which are tuned to recover the best electron/nuclear recoil discrimination near the detection threshold, where most dark matter elastic scattering signatures are expected. The software was designed assuming only minimal knowledge of the physics underlying the detection principle, allowing an unbiased analysis of the experimental results and easy extension to other detectors with similar requirements.
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- 2011
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23. Nuclear recoil scintillation and ionisation yields in liquid xenon from ZEPLIN-III data
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Horn, M., Belov, V. A., Akimov, D. Yu., Araújo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Burenkov, A. A., Chepel, V., Currie, A., Edwards, B., Ghag, C., Hollingsworth, A., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lüscher, R., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. StJ., Neves, F., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Reichhart, L., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., de Viveiros, L., and Walker, R. J.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
Scintillation and ionisation yields for nuclear recoils in liquid xenon above 10 keVnr (nuclear recoil energy) are deduced from data acquired using broadband Am-Be neutron sources. The nuclear recoil data from several exposures to two sources were compared to detailed simulations. Energy-dependent scintillation and ionisation yields giving acceptable fits to the data were derived. Efficiency and resolution effects are treated using a light collection Monte Carlo, measured photomultiplier response profiles and hardware trigger studies. A gradual fall in scintillation yield below ~40 keVnr is found, together with a rising ionisation yield; both are in good agreement with the latest independent measurements. The analysis method is applied to both the most recent ZEPLIN-III data, acquired with a significantly upgraded detector and a precision-calibrated Am-Be source, as well as to the earlier data from the first run in 2008. A new method for deriving the recoil scintillation yield, which includes sub-threshold S1 events, is also presented which confirms the main analysis., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures
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- 2011
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24. Radioactivity Backgrounds in ZEPLIN-III
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Araujo, H. M., Akimov, D. Yu., Barnes, E. J., Belov, V. A., Bewick, A., Burenkov, A. A., Currie, V. Chepel. A., DeViveiros, L., Edwards, B., Ghag, C., Hollingsworth, A., Horn, M., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Luscher, R., Majewski, P., Neves, A. StJ. Murphy. F., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Reichhart, L., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
We examine electron and nuclear recoil backgrounds from radioactivity in the ZEPLIN-III dark matter experiment at Boulby. The rate of low-energy electron recoils in the liquid xenon WIMP target is 0.75$\pm$0.05 events/kg/day/keV, which represents a 20-fold improvement over the rate observed during the first science run. Energy and spatial distributions agree with those predicted by component-level Monte Carlo simulations propagating the effects of the radiological contamination measured for materials employed in the experiment. Neutron elastic scattering is predicted to yield 3.05$\pm$0.5 nuclear recoils with energy 5-50 keV per year, which translates to an expectation of 0.4 events in a 1-year dataset in anti-coincidence with the veto detector for realistic signal acceptance. Less obvious background sources are discussed, especially in the context of future experiments. These include contamination of scintillation pulses with Cherenkov light from Compton electrons and from $\beta$ activity internal to photomultipliers, which can increase the size and lower the apparent time constant of the scintillation response. Another challenge is posed by multiple-scatter $\gamma$-rays with one or more vertices in regions that yield no ionisation. If the discrimination power achieved in the first run can be replicated, ZEPLIN-III should reach a sensitivity of $\sim 1 \times 10^{-8}$ pb$\cdot$year to the scalar WIMP-nucleon elastic cross-section, as originally conceived., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures
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- 2011
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25. Performance of the veto detector incorporated into the ZEPLIN-III experiment
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Ghag, C., Akimov, D. Yu., Araújo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Belov, V. A., Burenkov, A. A., Chepel, V., Currie, A., DeViveiros, L., Edwards, B., Francis, V., Hollingsworth, A., Horn, M., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lüscher, R., Lyons, K., Majewski, P., St, A., Murphy, J., Neves, F., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Reichhart, L., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
The ZEPLIN-III experiment is operating in its second phase at the Boulby Underground Laboratory in search of dark matter WIMPs. The major upgrades to the instrument over its first science run include lower background photomultiplier tubes and installation of a plastic scintillator veto system. Performance results from the veto detector using calibration and science data in its first six months of operation in coincidence with ZEPLIN-III are presented. With fully automated operation and calibration, the veto system has maintained high stability and achieves near unity live time relative to ZEPLIN-III. Calibrations with a neutron source demonstrate a rejection of 60% of neutron-induced nuclear recoils in ZEPLIN-III that might otherwise be misidentified as WIMPs. This tagging efficiency reduces the expected untagged nuclear recoil background from neutrons during science data taking to a very low rate of ~0.2 events per year in the WIMP acceptance region. Additionally, the veto detector provides rejection of 28% of gamma-ray induced background events, allowing the sampling of the dominant source of background in ZEPLIN-III - multiple scatter gamma-rays with rare topologies. Since WIMPs will not be tagged by the veto detector, and tags due to gamma-rays and neutrons are separable, this population of multiple scatter events may be characterised without biasing the analysis of candidate WIMP signals in the data.
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- 2011
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26. The ZEPLIN-III Anti-Coincidence Veto Detector
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Akimov, D. Yu., Araujo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Belov, V. A., Burenkov, A. A., Chepel, V., Currie, A., Edwards, B., Francis, V., Ghag, C., Hollingsworth, A., Horn, M., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Luscher, R., Lyons, K., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. StJ., Neves, F., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Reichhart, L., Scovell, P. R., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Taylor, R., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The design, optimisation and construction of an anti-coincidence veto detector to complement the ZEPLIN-III direct dark matter search instrument is described. One tonne of plastic scintillator is arranged into 52 bars individually read out by photomultipliers and coupled to a gadolinium-loaded passive polypropylene shield. Particular attention has been paid to radiological content. The overall aim has been to achieve a veto detector of low threshold and high efficiency without the creation of additional background in ZEPLIN-III, all at a reasonable cost. Extensive experimental measurements of the components have been made, including radioactivity levels and performance characteristics. These have been used to inform a complete end-to-end Monte Carlo simulation that has then been used to calculate the expected performance of the new instrument, both operating alone and as an anti-coincidence detector for ZEPLIN-III. The veto device will be capable of rejecting over 65% of coincident nuclear recoil events from neutron background in the energy range of interest in ZEPLIN-III. This will reduce the background in ZEPLIN-III from ~0.4 to ~0.14 events per year in the WIMP acceptance region, a significant factor in the event of a non-zero observation. Furthermore, in addition to providing valuable diagnostic capabilities, the veto is capable of tagging over 15% for gamma-ray rejection, all whilst contributing no significant additional background. In conjunction with the replacement of the internal ZEPLIN-III photomultiplier array, the new veto is expected to improve significantly the sensitivity of the ZEPLIN-III instrument to dark matter, allowing spin independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections below 1E-8 pb to be probed.
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- 2010
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27. Limits on inelastic dark matter from ZEPLIN-III
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Akimov, D. Yu., Araujo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Belov, V. A., Bewick, A., Burenkov, A. A., Cashmore, R., Chepel, V., Currie, A., Davidge, D., Dawson, J., Durkin, T., Edwards, B., Ghag, C., Hollingsworth, A., Horn, M., Howard, A. S., Hughes, A. J., Jones, W. G., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Liubarsky, I., Lopes, M. I., Luscher, R., Lyons, K., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. StJ., Neves, F., Paling, S. M., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Reichhart, L., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., de Viveiros, L., and Walker, R. J.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
We present limits on the WIMP-nucleon cross section for inelastic dark matter derived from the 2008 run of ZEPLIN-III. Cuts, notably on scintillation pulse shape and scintillation-to-ionisation ratio, give a net exposure of 63 kg.days in the range 20-80keV nuclear recoil energy, in which 6 events are observed. Upper limits on signal rate are derived from the maximum empty patch in the data. Under standard halo assumptions a small region of parameter space consistent, at 99% CL, with causing the 1.17 ton.year DAMA modulation signal is allowed at 90% CL: it is in the mass range 45-60 GeV with a minimum CL of 88%, again derived from the maximum patch. This is the tightest constraint on that explanation of the DAMA result yet presented using a xenon target., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Updated with 1.17 ton.year DAMA results.
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- 2010
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28. Calibration of Photomultiplier Arrays
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Neves, F., Chepel, V., Akimov, D. Yu., Araujo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Belov, V. A., Burenkov, A. A., Currie, A., Edwards, B., Ghag, C., Horn, M., Hughes, A. J., Kalmus, G. E., Kobyakin, A. S., Kovalenko, A. G., Lebedenko, V. N., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Luscher, R., Lyons, K., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. StJ., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
A method is described that allows calibration and assessment of the linearity of response of an array of photomultiplier tubes. The method does not require knowledge of the photomultiplier single photoelectron response model and uses science data directly, thus eliminating the need for dedicated data sets. In this manner all photomultiplier working conditions (e.g. temperature, external fields, etc) are exactly matched between calibration and science acquisitions. This is of particular importance in low background experiments such as ZEPLIN-III, where methods involving the use of external light sources for calibration are severely constrained., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures
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- 2009
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29. Limits on the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross-sections from the first science run of the ZEPLIN-III experiment
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Lebedenko, V. N., Araujo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Bewick, A., Cashmore, R., Chepel, V., Davidge, D., Dawson, J., Durkin, T., Edwards, B., Ghag, C., Graffagnino, V., Horn, M., Howard, A. S., Hughes, A. J., Jones, W. G., Joshi, M., Kalmus, G. E., Kovalenko, A. G., Lindote, A., Liubarsky, I., Lopes, M. I., Luscher, R., Lyons, K., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. StJ., Neves, F., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
We present new experimental constraints on the WIMP-nucleon spin-dependent elastic cross-sections using data from the first science run of ZEPLIN-III, a two-phase xenon experiment searching for galactic dark matter WIMPs based at the Boulby mine. Analysis of $\sim$450 kg$\cdot$days fiducial exposure revealed a most likely signal of zero events, leading to a 90%-confidence upper limit on the pure WIMP-neutron cross-section of $\sigma_n=1.8\times 10^{-2}$ pb at 55 GeV/$c^2$ WIMP mass. Recent calculations of the nuclear spin structure based on the Bonn CD nucleon-nucleon potential were used for the odd-neutron isotopes $^{129}$Xe and $^{131}$Xe. These indicate that the sensitivity of xenon targets to the spin-dependent WIMP-proton interaction is much lower than implied by previous calculations, whereas the WIMP-neutron sensitivity is impaired only by a factor of $\sim$2., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures
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- 2009
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30. Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Stabilize Northern Hemisphere Terrestrial Permafrost Under the ARISE‐SAI‐1.5 Scenario.
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Morrison, A. L., Barnes, E. A., and Hurrell, J. W.
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STRATOSPHERIC aerosols ,PERMAFROST ,ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide ,TUNDRAS ,ATMOSPHERIC methane ,CARBON emissions ,EARTH temperature - Abstract
Permafrost, or ground that is continuously frozen for at least 2 years, contains vast stores of organic soil carbon. Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) may prevent tipping points that lead to widespread permafrost thaw and carbon release by cooling surface and soil temperatures, but it is unclear if or when permafrost could stabilize after SAI deployment. Here we use output from the ARISE‐SAI‐1.5 simulations to assess how permafrost may respond to a specific SAI strategy that maintains global mean surface temperature to 1.5°C above pre‐industrial levels. Permafrost responses under SAI are compared to responses under the control SSP2‐4.5 emissions scenario. We show that the rate of boreal permafrost thaw slows under SAI but does not fully stop, likely due to deep permafrost thaw processes that are resistant to surface temperatures changes. In both the ARISE‐SAI‐1.5 and SSP2‐4.5 simulations, permafrost completely thaws and disappears along the southern edge of the permafrost area by 2069, indicating that some permafrost loss may be inevitable even if SAI successfully stabilizes global mean surface temperatures. SAI does prevent a potential local tipping point (talik formation) in roughly 1 million km2 of permafrost. Most of the talik prevention occurs in permafrost peatlands. Thus, a more aggressive SAI strategy than that of ARISE‐SAI‐1.5 is likely required to prevent all future projected permafrost thaw. Plain Language Summary: Permafrost is ground that stays frozen for at least 2 years. Permafrost thaw is a global concern because of how much soil carbon it stores, which can be released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and methane if permafrost thaws. One proposed method that could prevent permafrost thaw is to cool the Earth by injecting reflective particles into the stratosphere, which would block a small percentage of incoming sunlight and stabilize Earth's temperature to 1.5°C above pre‐industrial temperatures. We use climate projections from an Earth system model to assess how permafrost might respond to a proposed scenario for stabilizing Earth's temperature. We find that the total amount of permafrost still decreases even in a scenario where the Earth's temperature has stabilized, but pockets of unfrozen soil within and above permafrost are less likely to form, which reduces the likelihood of rapid and widespread permafrost thaw. A climate intervention strategy that starts sooner or aims to cool the Earth more may be required in order to fully prevent future permafrost thaw and associated carbon dioxide and methane emissions. Key Points: Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is unlikely to fully stabilize permafrost extent by 2069 despite maintaining permafrost temperatureSAI could prevent nearly all talik formation compared to SSP2‐4.5Reduced soil carbon loss and reduced vegetation carbon gain in permafrost region after SAI compared to SSP2‐4.5 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. Walkaway VSP Processing for Anisotropy Characterization - An Integrated Approach with Surface Seismic in the Khazzan Field, Oman
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Al Anboori, A., additional, Cook, P., additional, Johnston, R., additional, Barnes, E., additional, Al Battashi, M., additional, Rufino, R., additional, Guerra, R., additional, and Al Badi, O., additional
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- 2023
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32. Results from the First Science Run of the ZEPLIN-III Dark Matter Search Experiment
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Lebedenko, V. N., Araujo, H. M., Barnes, E. J., Bewick, A., Cashmore, R., Chepel, V., Currie, A., Davidge, D., Dawson, J., Durkin, T., Edwards, B., Ghag, C., Horn, M., Howard, A. S., Hughes, A. J., Jones, W. G., Joshi, M., Kalmus, G. E., Kovalenko, A. G., Lindote, A., Liubarsky, I., Lopes, M. I., Luscher, R., Majewski, P., Murphy, A. StJ., Neves, F., da Cunha, J. Pinto, Preece, R., Quenby, J. J., Scovell, P. R., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, P. F., Stekhanov, V. N., Sumner, T. J., Thorne, C., and Walker, R. J.
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Astrophysics - Abstract
The ZEPLIN-III experiment in the Palmer Underground Laboratory at Boulby uses a 12kg two-phase xenon time projection chamber to search for the weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) that may account for the dark matter of our Galaxy. The detector measures both scintillation and ionisation produced by radiation interacting in the liquid to differentiate between the nuclear recoils expected from WIMPs and the electron recoil background signals down to ~10keV nuclear recoil energy. An analysis of 847kg.days of data acquired between February 27th 2008 and May 20th 2008 has excluded a WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering spin-independent cross-section above 8.1x10(-8)pb at 55GeV/c2 with a 90% confidence limit. It has also demonstrated that the two-phase xenon technique is capable of better discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils at low-energy than previously achieved by other xenon-based experiments., Comment: 12 pages, 17 figures
- Published
- 2008
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33. Biomechanics of the Hand: Use of the SIGMA Glove
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Barnes, E., primary, Penrose, J. M. T., additional, Williams, N. W., additional, and Trowbridge, E. A., additional
- Published
- 2020
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34. Scalelengths in Dark Matter Halos
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Barnes, E. I., Williams, L. L. R., Babul, A., and Dalcanton, J. J.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Abstract
We investigate a hypothesis regarding the origin of the scalelength in halos formed in cosmological N-body simulations. This hypothesis can be viewed as an extension of an earlier idea put forth by Merritt and Aguilar. Our findings suggest that a phenomenon related to the radial orbit instability is present in such halos and is responsible for density profile shapes. This instability sets a scalelength at which the velocity dispersion distribution changes rapidly from isotropic to radially anisotropic. This scalelength is reflected in the density distribution as the radius at which the density profile changes slope. We have tested the idea that radially dependent velocity dispersion anisotropy leads to a break in density profile shape by manipulating the input of a semi-analytic model to imitate the velocity structure imposed by the radial orbit instability. Without such manipulation, halos formed are approximated by single power-law density profiles and isotropic velocity distributions. Halos formed with altered inputs display density distributions featuring scalelengths and anisotropy profiles similar to those seen in cosmological N-body simulations., Comment: accepted for publication in ApJ
- Published
- 2005
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35. Characterization of topology optimized Ti-6Al-4V components using electron beam powder bed fusion
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Yoder, S., Morgan, S., Kinzy, C., Barnes, E., Kirka, M., Paquit, V., Nandwana, P., Plotkowski, A, Dehoff, R.R., and Babu, S.S.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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36. Characterization of hepatitis C virus resistance to grazoprevir reveals complex patterns of mutations following on-treatment breakthrough that are not observed at relapse
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Bonsall D, Black S, Howe AYM, Chase R, Ingravallo P, Pak I, Brown A, Smith DA, Bowden R, and Barnes E
- Subjects
Next-generation sequencing ,NS3/4A protease inhibitor ,resistance-associated substitution ,virologic failure ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
David Bonsall,1 Stuart Black,2 Anita YM Howe,2 Robert Chase,2 Paul Ingravallo,2 Irene Pak,2 Anthony Brown,1 David A Smith,1 Rory Bowden,1 Eleanor Barnes1 On behalf of the STOP HCV Consortium 1Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA Purpose: A detailed analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) is required to understand why people fail direct-acting antiviral therapies. This study was conducted to assess RASs in an analysis of 2 trials evaluating the second-generation NS3/4A protease inhibitor grazoprevir (GZR) in combination with peginterferon/ribavirin. Patients and methods: From a total of 113 participants with HCV genotype 1 infection, RASs were evaluated in 25 patients who relapsed and 6 patients with on-treatment virologic breakthrough using consensus Sanger and clonal sequence analysis of NS3/NS4a genes, with in vitro testing of replicon mutants. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used in a subset of participants to assess minority variants and the evolution of the whole viral genome. Results: Baseline RASs did not predict treatment failure. Relapse was most commonly associated with RASs at D168, although additional RASs (Y56, R155 and A156) were also detected, particularly in participants with on-treatment breakthrough. Treatment-emergent RASs usually reverted to wild-type (WT), suggesting these mutations were associated with a negative fitness cost (confirmed using in vitro assays). NGS was the most sensitive assay for the detection of minor variants. Significant viral sequence divergence (up to 5.9% codons) was observed across whole genomes in association with the acquisition and reversion of RASs. Conclusion: Relapse with GZR and peginterferon/ribavirin is commonly associated with single RASs in NS3 that generally revert to WT, while breakthrough follows more complex patterns of viral resistance. NGS suggests that large diverse pools of viral quasispecies that emerge with RASs facilitate rapid viral evolution. Keywords: next-generation sequencing, NS3/4A protease inhibitor, resistance-associated substitution, virologic failure
- Published
- 2018
37. P313 An overview of body composition and metabolic markers in adults with cystic fibrosis: a single centre analysis
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Miller, G., primary, Landers, C., additional, and Barnes, E., additional
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- 2023
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38. Alveolar Macrophage Subsets Are Dynamic and Associated With Mortality in the Acutely Injured Lung
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Morrell, E.D., primary, Holton, S., additional, Lawrance, M., additional, Franklin, Z., additional, Mitchem, M., additional, Garay, A., additional, Barnes, E., additional, Liu, T., additional, Peltan, I.D., additional, Rogers, A., additional, Ziegler, S.F., additional, Wurfel, M., additional, and Mikacenic, C., additional
- Published
- 2023
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39. Immunotherapy: PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL OF CD19 CAR-T CELLS MANUFACTURED AT THE POINT-OF-CARE
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Hutchins, C.J., primary, Henderson, A., additional, Lynam, E.C., additional, Abaca-Cleopas, M., additional, Harvey, K.J., additional, Acworth, M.C., additional, Leung, C., additional, Barnes, E., additional, Robb, R.J., additional, Mudie, K., additional, O’Donnell, M., additional, Perera, N., additional, Pillai, E. Subramonia, additional, Curley, C., additional, Henden, A., additional, Kennedy, G., additional, and Tey, S., additional
- Published
- 2023
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40. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of soft-solid extrusion
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Barnes, E. C.
- Subjects
664 - Abstract
Extrusion is a low cost, versatile process widely used in industry for the production of a broad range of products of various shapes, including foodstuffs, pharmaceutical pellets and catalysts. The primary tool used to study the extrusion process in this work is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). An extruder system made from PEEK and aluminium, suitable for use in strong magnetic fields, has been designed and commissioned. It has been used to acquire fully-quantitative spatially resolved real time NMR velocity measurements of two soft-solid materials representative of those commonly extruded in industry; a mixture of 5 cSt polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) added to a commercial soap (Dove
TM ), and a stiff biscuit dough. Flow patterns were found to be material dependent, with the soap and PDMS mix exhibiting a much flatter velocity profile than that of the biscuit dough. These spatially resolved velocity profiles are reliable and extensive, providing data suitable for evaluating theoretical models. Comparison of the experimentally determined velocity profiles with velocity profiles predicted from geometric and CFD models highlighted the limitations of these existing models, none of which proved to be entirely satisfactory. Self-diffusion measurements were used to investigate extrusion induced changes in the distribution of PDMS within soap and PDMS mixtures prepared by (i) warm-mixing and (ii) cold-mixing. Before extrusion the PDMS exists in domains of ~ 6mm diameter. Extrusion of the warm-mixed sample leads to a ~17% reduction in domain size, whereas extrusion of the cold-mixed sample causes elongation of the domains but not reduction in domain size. NMR has also been used to make in situ measurements of the extent of rejoining of two streams formed during ram extrusion through a die with a slit obstruction, and of the filling of a cylindrical mould following ram extrusion.- Published
- 2005
41. Does the Time of Radiotherapy Affect Treatment Outcomes? A Review of the Literature
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Chan, S., Rowbottom, L., McDonald, R., Bjarnason, G.A., Tsao, M., Danjoux, C., Barnes, E., Popovic, M., Lam, H., DeAngelis, C., and Chow, E.
- Published
- 2017
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42. Real world experience of the new ACR-EULAR classification criteria for IgG4-related disease
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Peters, R, Martin, H, Virdee, A, Fryer, E, Bungay, H, Rodriguez-Justo, M, Chouhan, M, Barnes, E, Webster, G, and Culver, E
- Published
- 2023
43. SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Responses Are Not Associated with Protection against Reinfection in Hemodialysis Patients
- Author
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Shankar, S, Beckett, J, Tipton, T, Ogbe, A, Kasanyinga, M, Dold, C, Lumley, S, Dengu, F, Rompianesi, G, Elgilani, F, Longet, S, Deeks, A, Payne, RP, Duncan, CJA, Richter, A, de Silva, TI, Turtle, L, Bull, K, Barnardo, M, Friend, PJ, Dunachie, SJ, Hester, J, Issa, F, Barnes, E, Carroll, MW, Klenerman, P, Shankar, Sushma, Beckett, Joseph, Tipton, Tom, Ogbe, Ane, Kasanyinga, Mwila, Dold, Christina, Lumley, Sheila, Dengu, Fungai, Rompianesi, Gianluca, Elgilani, Faysal, Longet, Stephanie, Deeks, Alexandra, Payne, Rebecca P, Duncan, Christopher J A, Richter, Alex, de Silva, Thushan I, Turtle, Lance, Bull, Katherine, Barnardo, Martin, Friend, Peter J, Dunachie, Susanna J, Hester, Joanna, Issa, Fadi, Barnes, Eleanor, Carroll, Miles W, and Klenerman, Paul
- Subjects
hemodialysi ,Nephrology ,Renal Dialysis ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Reinfection ,T-Lymphocytes ,Research Letter ,T cell ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,General Medicine ,protection - Abstract
Patients on hemodialysis (HD) are vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and mount poor neutralizing antibody responses after two-dose vaccination. Although serological responses have been associated with reduced rates of reinfection, the relationship between cellular immunogenicity and protection has not been established. We report, for the first time, high incidence of reinfection in patients on HD who are vaccine naive (25%), which identifies that T cell responses do not predict protection against reinfection. Instead, patients on HD who went on to become reinfected had mounted highly variable and sometimes robust proliferative T cell responses to a broad array of SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools during the primary infection. The understanding that SARS-CoV-2–specific T cell responses are not predictive of protection against future infection will be a critical issue when measuring clinical efficacy of vaccination in these vulnerable cohorts, particularly when facing rapidly emerging variants of concern.
- Published
- 2023
44. JOINT REPAIR EVALUATED ON RADIOGRAPHS IS ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN AND SYNOVIAL FLUID MARKER CHANGES AFTER KNEE JOINT DISTRACTION TREATMENT
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Jansen, M., primary, Salzlechner, C., additional, Barnes, E., additional, DiFranco, M., additional, Custers, R., additional, Watt, F., additional, Vincent, T., additional, Lafeber, F., additional, and Mastbergen, S., additional
- Published
- 2023
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45. P547 Rate of Colectomy Increases within Twelve Months of Sequential Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis
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Barnes, E, primary, Zhang, X, additional, Long, M, additional, Herfarth, H, additional, and Kappelman, M, additional
- Published
- 2023
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46. Transcriptomic response and immunological responses to chimpanzee adenovirus- and MVA viral-vectored vaccines for RSV in healthy adults
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Green, C, primary, McGinley, J, additional, Sande, C, additional, Capone, S, additional, Makvandi-Nejad, S, additional, Vitelli, A, additional, Silva-Reyes, L, additional, Bibi, S, additional, Otasowie, C, additional, Sheerin, D, additional, Thompson, A, additional, Dold, C, additional, Klenerman, P, additional, Barnes, E, additional, Dorrell, L, additional, Rollier, C, additional, Pollard, A, additional, and O’Connor, D, additional
- Published
- 2023
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47. A comparative analysis of LEF-1 in odontogenic and salivary tumors
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Bilodeau, Elizabeth A., Acquafondata, Marie, Barnes, E. Leon, and Seethala, Raja R.
- Published
- 2015
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48. EE37 Cost-Utility Analysis of Elecsys Gaad Algorithm Versus Ultrasound Plus -Fetoprotein (AFP) for HCC Surveillance in Patients With Compensated Liver Cirrhosis in the United Kingdom (UK)
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Garay, O, primary, Ambühl, LE, additional, Bird, TG, additional, Walkley, R, additional, Irving, W, additional, Barnes, E, additional, and Rowe, IA, additional
- Published
- 2022
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49. Early-Stage Endometrial Ca with Multifocal LVSI – Adjuvant Radiation Treatment Choice
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AlQaderi, A., primary, Chen, H., additional, Taggar, A., additional, Leung, E.W., additional, and Barnes, E., additional
- Published
- 2022
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50. Salvage Interstitial Brachytherapy for Treatment of Recurrent Endometrial Cancers in the Vagina: 7-Year Single Institution Experience
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Sherwood, M.A.L., primary, Chen, H., additional, Taggar, A., additional, Paudel, M., additional, Barnes, E., additional, Zhang, L., additional, and Leung, E.W., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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