21 results on '"Barnes BD"'
Search Results
2. Author Correction: Basin-scale reconstruction of euxinia and Late Devonian mass extinctions.
- Author
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Sahoo SK, Gilleaudeau GJ, Wilson K, Hart B, Barnes BD, Faison T, Bowman AR, Larson TE, and Kaufman AJ
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Basin-scale reconstruction of euxinia and Late Devonian mass extinctions.
- Author
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Sahoo SK, Gilleaudeau GJ, Wilson K, Hart B, Barnes BD, Faison T, Bowman AR, Larson TE, and Kaufman AJ
- Subjects
- Biodiversity, Atmosphere chemistry, Water Cycle, Eutrophication, Datasets as Topic, Oxidation-Reduction, Plants metabolism, North America, History, Ancient, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Animals, Extinction, Biological, Hydrogen Sulfide analysis, Hydrogen Sulfide poisoning, Oceans and Seas, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Oxygen analysis, Oxygen metabolism
- Abstract
The Devonian-Carboniferous transition marks a fundamental shift in the surface environment primarily related to changes in ocean-atmosphere oxidation states
1,2 , resulting from the continued proliferation of vascular land plants that stimulated the hydrological cycle and continental weathering3,4 , glacioeustasy5,6 , eutrophication and anoxic expansion in epicontinental seas3,4 , and mass extinction events2,7,8 . Here we present a comprehensive spatial and temporal compilation of geochemical data from 90 cores across the entire Bakken Shale (Williston Basin, North America). Our dataset allows for the detailed documentation of stepwise transgressions of toxic euxinic waters into the shallow oceans that drove a series of Late Devonian extinction events. Other Phanerozoic extinctions have also been related to the expansion of shallow-water euxinia, indicating that hydrogen sulfide toxicity was a key driver of Phanerozoic biodiversity., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A re-examination of the mechanism of whiting events: A new role for diatoms in Fayetteville Green Lake (New York, USA).
- Author
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Stanton C, Barnes BD, Kump LR, and Cosmidis J
- Subjects
- Calcium, New York, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Calcium Carbonate chemistry, Carbonates chemistry, Water, Lakes, Diatoms
- Abstract
Whiting events-the episodic precipitation of fine-grained suspended calcium carbonates in the water column-have been documented across a variety of marine and lacustrine environments. Whitings likely are a major source of carbonate muds, a constituent of limestones, and important archives for geochemical proxies of Earth history. While several biological and physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the onset of these precipitation events, no consensus has been reached thus far. Fayetteville Green Lake (New York, USA) is a meromictic lake that experiences annual whitings. Materials suspended in the water column collected through the whiting season were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. Whitings in Fayetteville Green Lake are initiated in the spring within the top few meters of the water column, by precipitation of fine amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) phases nucleating on microbial cells, as well as on abundant extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) frequently associated with centric diatoms. Whiting particles found in the summer consist of 5-7 μm calcite grains forming aggregates with diatoms and EPS. Simple calculations demonstrate that calcite particles continuously grow over several days, then sink quickly through the water column. In the late summer, partial calcium carbonate dissolution is observed deeper in the water column. Settling whiting particles, however, reach the bottom of the lake, where they form a major constituent of the sediment, along with diatom frustules. The role of diatoms and associated EPS acting as nucleation surfaces for calcium carbonates is described for the first time here as a potential mechanism participating in whitings at Fayetteville Green Lake. This mechanism may have been largely overlooked in other whiting events in modern and ancient environments., (© 2022 The Authors. Geobiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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5. Sulfur cycling at natural hydrocarbon and sulfur seeps in Santa Paula Creek, CA.
- Author
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Aronson HS, Monteverde DR, Barnes BD, Johnson BR, Zawaski MJ, Speth DR, Wang XT, Wu F, Webb SM, Trower EJ, Magyar JS, Sessions AL, Orphan VJ, and Fischer WW
- Subjects
- California, Hydrocarbons, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sulfides, Microbiota, Sulfur
- Abstract
Biogeochemical cycling of sulfur is relatively understudied in terrestrial environments compared to marine environments. However, the comparative ease of access, observation, and sampling of terrestrial settings can expand our understanding of organisms and processes important in the modern sulfur cycle. Furthermore, these sites may allow for the discovery of useful process analogs for ancient sulfur-metabolizing microbial communities at times in Earth's past when atmospheric O
2 concentrations were lower and sulfide was more prevalent in Earth surface environments. We identified a new site at Santa Paula Creek (SPC) in Ventura County, CA-a remarkable freshwater, gravel-bedded mountain stream charged with a range of oxidized and reduced sulfur species and heavy hydrocarbons from the emergence of subsurface fluids within the underlying sulfur- and organic-rich Miocene-age Monterey Formation. SPC hosts a suite of morphologically distinct microbial biofacies that form in association with the naturally occurring hydrocarbon seeps and sulfur springs. We characterized the geology, stream geochemistry, and microbial facies and diversity of the Santa Paula Creek ecosystem. Using geochemical analyses and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we found that SPC supports a dynamic sulfur cycle that is largely driven by sulfide-oxidizing microbial taxa, with contributions from smaller populations of sulfate-reducing and sulfur-disproportionating taxa. This preliminary characterization of SPC revealed an intriguing site in which to study geological and geochemical controls on microbial community composition and to expand our understanding of sulfur cycling in terrestrial environments., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2022
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6. Dead clades walking are a pervasive macroevolutionary pattern.
- Author
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Barnes BD, Sclafani JA, and Zaffos A
- Subjects
- Animals, Aquatic Organisms, Biodiversity, Invertebrates classification, Phylogeny, Evolution, Molecular, Fossils, Invertebrates genetics
- Abstract
D. Jablonski [ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 8139-8144 (2002)] coined the term "dead clades walking" (DCWs) to describe marine fossil orders that experience significant drops in genus richness during mass extinction events and never rediversify to previous levels. This phenomenon is generally interpreted as further evidence that the macroevolutionary consequences of mass extinctions can continue well past the formal boundary. It is unclear, however, exactly how long DCWs are expected to persist after extinction events and to what degree they impact broader trends in Phanerozoic biodiversity. Here we analyze the fossil occurrences of 134 skeletonized marine invertebrate orders in the Paleobiology Database (paleobiodb.org) using a Bayesian method to identify significant change points in genus richness. Our analysis identifies 70 orders that experience major diversity losses without recovery. Most of these taxa, however, do not fit the popular conception of DCWs as clades that narrowly survive a mass extinction event and linger for only a few stages before succumbing to extinction. The median postdrop duration of these DCW orders is long (>30 Myr), suggesting that previous studies may have underestimated the long-term taxonomic impact of mass extinction events. More importantly, many drops in diversity without recovery are not associated with mass extinction events and occur during background extinction stages. The prevalence of DCW orders throughout both mass and background extinction intervals and across phyla (>50% of all marine invertebrate orders) suggests that the DCW pattern is a major component of macroevolutionary turnover., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
- Published
- 2021
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7. Postoperative Outcomes After Radical Cystectomy in Patients With Prior Pelvic Radiation.
- Author
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Fontenot PA Jr, Barnes BD, Parker WP, Wyre H, Lee EK, and Holzbeierlein JM
- Subjects
- Aged, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell mortality, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Pelvis radiation effects, Postoperative Complications etiology, Postoperative Period, Retrospective Studies, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms mortality, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell surgery, Cystectomy adverse effects, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local epidemiology, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Radiotherapy adverse effects, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Objective: To compare complication rates, perioperative outcomes, and survival after radical cystectomy (RC) in patients with prior abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy (RT) vs those without an RT history., Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing RC for urothelial carcinoma between January 2008 and January 2016. Patients were stratified by receipt of RT, and differences in complications (any, minor, and major) at 30 and 90 days, as well as estimated blood loss, length of surgery, length of hospital stay, and pathologic stage, were compared. Recurrence-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test., Results: We identified 518 patients who underwent RC between 2008 and 2016. Of these patients, 55 (11%) had a history of RT. There were no significant differences in complication rates (66% vs 69%, P= .80) between patients who did not and patients who did have a history of RT. Similarly, there were no differences in any perioperative or pathologic outcome by receipt of prior RT (all P>.05). Meanwhile, at a median follow-up of 26 (interquartile range 13-46) months among patients alive at last follow-up, no differences in survival were observed by prior RT (P= .08)., Conclusion: Among patients with a history of prior abdominal or pelvic RT treated at a tertiary referral center, there was no difference in complication rates, perioperative, or pathologic outcomes. Importantly, no differences in survival were noted by prior RT receipt. Therefore, our data support the use of RC, when indicated, in patients with a prior history of abdominal or pelvic RT., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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8. Water quality of surface runoff and lint yield in cotton under furrow irrigation in Northeast Arkansas.
- Author
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Adviento-Borbe MAA, Barnes BD, Iseyemi O, Mann AM, Reba ML, Robertson WJ, Massey JH, and Teague TG
- Abstract
Use of furrow irrigation in row crop production is a common practice through much of the Midsouth US and yet, nutrients can be transported off-site through surface runoff. A field study with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.) was conducted to understand the impact of furrow tillage practices and nitrogen (N) fertilizer placement on characteristics of runoff water quality during the growing season. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with conventional (CT) and conservation furrow tillage (FT) in combination with either urea (URN) broadcast or 32% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) injected, each applied at 101kgNha
-1 . Concentrations of ammonium (NH4 -N), nitrate (NO3 -N), nitrite (NO2 -N), and dissolved phosphorus (P) in irrigation runoff water and lint yields were measured in all treatments. The intensity and chemical form of nutrient losses were primarily controlled by water runoff volume and agronomic practice. Across tillage and fertilizer N treatments, median N concentrations in the runoff were <0.3mgNL-1 , with NO3 -N being relatively the highest among N forms. Concentrations of runoff dissolved P were <0.05mgPL-1 and were affected by volume of runoff water. Water pH, specific electrical conductivity, alkalinity and hardness were within levels that common to local irrigation water and less likely to impair pollution in waterways. Lint yields averaged 1111kgha-1 and were higher (P-value=0.03) in FT compared to CT treatments. Runoff volumes across irrigation events were greater (P-value=0.02) in CT than FT treatments, which increased NO3 -N mass loads in CT treatments (394gNO3 -Nha-1 season-1 ). Nitrate-N concentrations in CT treatments were still low and pose little threat to N contaminations in waterways. The findings support the adoption of conservation practices for furrow tillage and N fertilizer placement that can reduce nutrient runoff losses in furrow irrigation systems., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Exercise training decreases rat heart mitochondria free radical generation but does not prevent Ca2+-induced dysfunction.
- Author
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Starnes JW, Barnes BD, and Olsen ME
- Subjects
- Adenosine Diphosphate metabolism, Animals, Catalase metabolism, Electron Transport Complex I metabolism, Glutamic Acid metabolism, Glutathione Peroxidase metabolism, Hydrogen Peroxide, Malates metabolism, Male, Mitochondria, Heart drug effects, Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins metabolism, Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore, Mitochondrial Swelling, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury physiopathology, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury prevention & control, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Oxygen metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred F344, Rotenone pharmacology, Succinic Acid metabolism, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Uncoupling Agents pharmacology, Adaptation, Physiological, Calcium metabolism, Mitochondria, Heart metabolism, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury metabolism, Physical Endurance, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism
- Abstract
Exercise provides cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, a process involving mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and calcium overload. This study tested the hypotheses that isolated mitochondria from hearts of endurance-trained rats have decreased ROS production and improved tolerance against Ca(2+)-induced dysfunction. Male Fischer 344 rats were either sedentary (Sed, n = 8) or endurance exercise trained (ET, n = 11) by running on a treadmill for 16 wk (5 days/wk, 60 min/day, 25 m/min, 6 degrees grade). Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation measures were determined with glutamate-malate or succinate as substrates, and H(2)O(2) production and permeability transition pore (PTP) opening were determined with succinate. All assays were carried out in the absence and presence of calcium. In response to 25 and 50 microM CaCl(2), Sed and ET displayed similar decreases in state 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio, and ADP:O ratio. Ca(2+)-induced PTP opening was also similar. However, H(2)O(2) production by ET was lower than Sed (P < 0.05) in the absence of calcium (323 +/- 12 vs. 362 +/- 11 pmol.min(-1).mg protein(-1)) and the presence of 50 microM CaCl(2) (154 +/- 3 vs. 197 +/- 7 pmol.min(-1).mg protein(-1)). Rotenone, which blocks electron flow from succinate to complex 1, reduced H(2)O(2) production and eliminated differences between ET and Sed. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were not affected by exercise. Catalase activity was extremely low but increased 49% in ET (P < 0.05). In conclusion, exercise reduces ROS production in myocardial mitochondria through adaptations specific to complex 1 but does not improve mitochondrial tolerance to calcium overload.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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10. Radionuclide cisternography after head injury.
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Barnes BD and Hoff JT
- Subjects
- Adult, Brain Injuries cerebrospinal fluid, Brain Injuries complications, Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins analysis, Contusions, Female, Hematoma, Subdural etiology, Humans, Male, Radionuclide Imaging, Brain Injuries diagnosis
- Abstract
Thirty-seven patients with severe head injury underwent radionuclide cisternography to detect early and late effects of trauma on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. Thirty-one patients had subdural hematomas or hygromas and six had cerebral contusions without extracerebral masses. Cisternographic results were abnormal in 23 patients with subdural masses and normal in five who had only cerebral contusions. Of eight patients undergoing serial studies, one had persistent partial obstruction, five had partial resolution of abnormalities, and the two with progressive obstruction had their conditions improved by shunting. Angiography suggested transtentorial herniation in 11 patients with cisternal block, six of whom had clinical signs of herniation on the same side.
- Published
- 1976
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11. Clinical applications of cerebral radionuclide angiography.
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Barnes BD
- Subjects
- Angiography, Cerebral Infarction diagnostic imaging, Humans, Radionuclide Imaging, Technetium, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Brain diagnostic imaging, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cerebrovascular Disorders diagnostic imaging
- Published
- 1981
12. Clinical applications of radionuclide cisternography.
- Author
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Barnes BD
- Subjects
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts, Humans, Hydrocephalus diagnostic imaging, Radionuclide Imaging, Subarachnoid Space diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cerebral Ventricles diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Ventriculography methods, Myelography methods
- Published
- 1981
13. Tomograpy in radionuclide brain imaging and cisternography.
- Author
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Barnes BD and Parker HG
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cerebral Ventricles diagnostic imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Radionuclide Imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Brain Diseases diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray methods
- Abstract
A new radionuclide tomographic scanner produces 12 tomographic brain images instead of a single conventional brain scan. This scanner has important advantages over conventional radionuclide scanning. The size, shape, and extent of a lesion and its relationship to surrounding structures are better defined. Tomography often permits a firm diagnostic impression in studies that would be equivocal with the use of routine scanning. Tomography may also be used in conjunction with radionuclide cisternography to provide a clear visualization of the CSF pathways and ventricles and to distinguish overlying structures.
- Published
- 1980
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14. Digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis.
- Author
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Barnes BD, Brant-Zawadzki M, and Mentzer W
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- Adolescent, Asparaginase adverse effects, Humans, Leukemia, Lymphoid drug therapy, Male, Seizures etiology, Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial chemically induced, Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial complications, Subtraction Technique, Cerebral Angiography methods, Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial diagnostic imaging
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
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15. Radionuclide angiography: a sensitive diagnostic test for anterior circulation ischemia.
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Barnes BD, Finklestein S, and Winestock DP
- Subjects
- Aged, Carotid Artery Diseases diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Arterial Diseases diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Arterial Diseases surgery, Endarterectomy, Female, Humans, Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis diagnostic imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Radionuclide Imaging, Carotid Artery, Internal, Cerebral Arteries diagnostic imaging, Ischemic Attack, Transient diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Radionuclide angiography, using high resolution equipment, is a sensitive noninvasive, safe, and rapid diagnostic test for ischemia of the anterior circulation of the brain. The test permits recognition of focally increased or decreased circulation immediately following the onset of a neurologic deficit. The sensitivity of the test is improved by using multiple projections of the head. The distribution of the anterior cerebral artery is best seen in the anterior projection; the lateral projection is used to resolve the superior and inferior divisions of the middle cerebral artery or to identify multiple regions of ischemia. Both projections should be used routinely.
- Published
- 1978
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16. Neurologic diagnosis using the 80-lens optical camera.
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Barnes BD, Parker H, and Anger HO
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- Aged, Brain Neoplasms diagnosis, Female, Hematoma, Subdural diagnosis, Humans, Hydrocephalus diagnosis, Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis diagnosis, Male, Meningioma diagnosis, Middle Aged, Brain Diseases diagnosis, Radionuclide Imaging instrumentation
- Abstract
This article describes the clinical application of the 80-lens optical camera in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction, subdural hematoma, intracranial tumor, and hydrocephalus. The 80-lens camera is a simple noncomputerized addition to the Anger scintillation camera that permits an estimation of the cerebral blood flow. The study is noninvasive and quick, minimizing the effect of movement artifact and showing areas of either increased or decreased blood flow. Abnormal tumor vessels appear, and subdural hematomas show brain displacement away from the skull edge. Interpretation of blood flow pattern is not affected by scalp or skull trauma, eliminating a source of error incurred with static scans.
- Published
- 1977
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17. Carotid-cavernous fistula. Demonstration of asymptomatic vascular "steal".
- Author
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Barnes BD, Rosenblum ML, Pitts LH, Winestock DP, Parker H, and Nohr ML
- Subjects
- Adult, Arteriovenous Fistula surgery, Carotid Artery Diseases surgery, Carotid Artery, Internal, Female, Humans, Radionuclide Imaging, Technetium, Arteriovenous Fistula diagnostic imaging, Carotid Artery Diseases diagnostic imaging, Cavernous Sinus, Cerebrovascular Circulation
- Abstract
Abnormal distribution of cerebral vascular flow was studied in a patient who had a traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. Serial studies were performed using a method for determining relative cerebral vascular flow:99mtechnetium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) was injected intravenously and flow data were processed by a digital computer. Serial studies documented the occurrence of a vascular "steal" during temporary carotid occlusion; postoperative studies showed disappearance of the steal and obliteration of thiling arterial structures and capillary filling in the brain, and in demonstrating alteration in the cerebral circulation.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
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18. Objectivism in information utilization: theory and measurement.
- Author
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Leary MR, Shepperd JA, McNeil MS, Jenkins TB, and Barnes BD
- Abstract
A self-report scale was constructed and validated that measures individual differences in objectivism--the tendency to base one's judgments and beliefs on empirical information and rational considerations. Validity data showed that, compared to people who score low on the Objectivism Scale, highly objective individuals enjoy thinking more, rely more on observable facts when making decisions, and place less emphasis on subjective and intuitive styles of decision making. Among graduate students in psychology, objectivism correlated positively with ratings of research-oriented careers, but negatively with ratings of mental health careers; also, highly objective students were more critical of nonobjective psychological assessment techniques and placed greater importance on research. Objectivism also predicted preferences for newspaper articles, college course selections, and the criteria respondents use when making decisions.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
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19. Dynamic radionuclide scanning in the diagnosis of thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus.
- Author
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Barnes BD and Winestock DP
- Subjects
- Adult, Cranial Sinuses, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Radionuclide Imaging methods, Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial diagnosis
- Abstract
Two cases of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis were diagnosed using a new technique of dynamic radionuclide brain-imaging. With the patient's head in the posterior oblique position, and 80-lens optical camera records the appearance of radionuclides in the superior sagittal sinus. This technique is quick and noninvasive, and serial studies are easily performed. Dural sinus thrombosis is difficult to diagnose on clinical findings alone. Dynamic canning should be used to screen high risk patients, such as those having pseudotumor syndrome or clotting disorders and elderly patients having pulmonary emboli or unexplained deterioration of mental status.
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Providing oxygen therapy in disasters.
- Author
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BARNES BD
- Subjects
- Humans, Disasters, Oxygen
- Published
- 1952
21. Diagnostic tests in normal pressure hydrocephalus.
- Author
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Wolinsky JS, Barnes BD, and Margolis MT
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins analysis, Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts, Dementia etiology, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hydrocephalus surgery, Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure complications, Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure diagnosis, Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure surgery, Male, Methods, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated, Sodium Chloride, Technetium, Cerebral Ventriculography, Hydrocephalus diagnosis, Intracranial Pressure, Pneumoencephalography, Spinal Puncture
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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