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246 results on '"Barnes, G. L."'

2. Normative data for an expanded set of stimuli for testing high-level influences on object perception: OMEFA-II.

Author

Colin S Flowers, Kimberley D Orsten-Hooge, Barnes G L Jannuzi, and Mary A Peterson

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

We present normative data for an expanded set of stimuli designed to investigate past experience effects on object detection. The stimuli are vertically-elongated "bipartite" displays comprising two equal-area regions meeting at an articulated central border. When the central border is assigned to one side, a shaped figure (i.e., an object) is detected on that side. Participants viewing brief masked exposures typically detect figures more often on the critical side of Intact displays where a common ("familiar") object is depicted than on a matched critical side of Part-Rearranged (PR) displays comprising the same parts arranged in novel configurations. This pattern of results showed that past experience in the form of familiar configuration rather than familiar parts is a prior for figure assignment. Spurred by research implicating a network involving the perirhinal cortex of the medial temporal lobe in these familiar configuration effects, we enlarged the stimulus set from 24 to 48 base stimuli to increase its usefulness for behavioral, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging experiments. We measured the percentage of participants who agreed on a single interpretation for each side of Intact, Upright PR, and Inverted PR displays (144 displays; 288 sides) under long exposure conditions. High inter-subject agreement is taken to operationally define a familiar configuration. This new stimulus set is well-suited to investigate questions concerning how parts and wholes are integrated and how high- and low-level brain areas interact in object detection. This set also allows tests of predictions regarding cross-border competition in figure assignment and assessments of individual differences. The displays, their image statistics, and normative data are available online (https://osf.io/j9kz2/).

Published
2020
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3. Identifying Objects and Remembering Images: Insights From Deep Neural Networks

Author

Nicole C. Rust and Barnes G. L. Jannuzi

Subjects
General Psychology
Abstract

People have a remarkable ability to identify the objects that they are looking at, as well as remember the images that they have seen. Researchers know that high-level visual cortex contributes in important ways to supporting both of these functions, but developing models that describe how processing in high-level visual cortex supports these behaviors has been challenging. Recent breakthroughs in this modeling effort have arrived by way of the illustration that deep artificial neural networks trained to categorize objects, developed for computer vision purposes, reflect brainlike patterns of activity. Here we summarize how deep artificial neural networks have been used to gain important insights into the contributions of high-level visual cortex to object identification, as well as one characteristic of visual memory behavior: image memorability, the systematic variation with which some images are remembered better than others.

Published
2022

5. Distressing psychotic-like experiences, cognitive functioning and early developmental markers in clinically referred young people aged 8–18 years

Author

Barnes, G. L., primary, Stewart, C., additional, Browning, S., additional, Bracegirdle, K., additional, Laurens, K. R., additional, Gin, K., additional, Hirsch, C., additional, Abbott, C., additional, Onwumere, J., additional, Banerjea, P., additional, Kuipers, E., additional, and Jolley, S., additional

Published
2021
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23. Community-randomized trial of enhanced DOTS for tuberculosis control in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Author

Cavalcante, S. C., Durovni, B., Barnes, G. L., Souza, F. B. A., Silva, R. F., Barroso, P. F., Mohan, C. I., Miller, A., Golub, J. E., and Chaisson, R. E.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Family Characteristics, Urban Population, Incidence, Antitubercular Agents, Article, Directly Observed Therapy, Humans, Mass Screening, Tuberculosis, Female, Contact Tracing, Brazil, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Central Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.To compare the impact of routine DOTS vs. enhanced DOTS (DOTS-Ampliado or DOTS-A) on tuberculosis (TB) incidence.Cluster-randomized trial in eight urban neighborhoods pair-matched by TB incidence and randomly assigned to receive either the DOTS-A or DOTS strategy. DOTS-A added intensive screening of household contacts of active TB cases and provision of treatment to secondary cases and preventive therapy to contacts with latent TB infection (LTBI) to the standard DOTS strategy. The primary endpoint was the TB incidence rates in communities after 5 years of intervention.From November 2000 to December 2004, respectively 339 and 311 pulmonary TB cases were enrolled and 1003 and 960 household were identified in DOTS and DOTS-A communities. Among contacts from DOTS-A communities, 26 (4%) had active TB diagnosed and treated, 429 (61.3%) had LTBI detected and 258 (60.1%) started preventive therapy. TB incidence increased by 5% in DOTS communities and decreased by 10% in DOTS-A communities, for a difference of 15% after 5 years (P = 0.04).DOTS-A was associated with a modest reduction in TB incidence and may be an important strategy for reducing the burden of TB.

Published
2010

42. Ethics Forum Putting the ‘informed’ into ‘consent’: A matter of plain language.

Author

Green, J. B., Duncan, R. E., Barnes, G. L., and Oberklaid, F.

Subjects
RESEARCH ethics, INFORMED consent (Medical law), PEDIATRIC research, PEDIATRICS
Abstract

Health professionals frequently write at the same level for lay readers as they write for peers. In relation to health research and ethical requirements to provide written explanation of studies, this can complicate the notion of informed consent. Plain language information statements need to be clearly understood by research subjects if the ethics process for research approval is to fulfil its objective. Many delays in gaining ethics approval for child-related research are caused by substandard plain language statements (PLS). We describe specific issues for information statements for research with children, young people and their parents/guardians, particularly in consideration of the literacy capabilities of the general population. We highlight the usefulness of everyday language when explaining research and science in writing to families, and present some guidelines for writing PLS that have emerged from the introduction of a plain language service by an Ethics in Human Research Committee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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