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3. The importance of understanding the multiple dimensions of power in stakeholder participation for effective biodiversity conservation

Author

L. Lécuyer, E. Balian, J. R. A. Butler, C. Barnaud, S. Calla, B. Locatelli, J. Newig, J. Pettit, D. Pound, F. Quétier, V. Salvatori, Y. Von Korff, and J. C. Young

Subjects
biodiversity, conflict, facilitation, participatory process, power, Human ecology. Anthropogeography, GF1-900, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Biodiversity conservation are increasingly focused on involving stakeholder engagement, making power a key concept in understanding its success and failure. Power is often conceptualized as unidimensional and coercive, but a multidimensional view better reflects structural power, as well as its productive and enabling potential. This paper investigates how different dimensions of power in participatory processes affect biodiversity conservation objectives. Six case studies from Europe and Asia‐Pacific were analysed using an adapted framework that explores the interlinkages between ‘power over’ and ‘transformative power’, looking at the scale and space in which power occurs, and analysing in which arenas of power and under which form of expression it appears. The framework distinguishes between the different ways to exert influence (‘power to’, ‘power with’, ‘power within’, ‘power for’), as well as the dynamics of domination and resistance observed in decision‐making (visible power), hidden biases and exclusionary experiences (hidden power), and actions that either reinforce or resist social norms and beliefs (invisible and systematic power). Focusing on biodiversity, the different arenas of power allow us to go deeper than the surface issues and conflicting interests of diverse participants, regarding for example wildlife, to question underlying power dynamics. Different expressions of power, more specifically the ‘power for’ dimension, allow an understanding of how participants integrate nature and biodiversity in their aspirations. The different levels of power also highlight the need to focus not only on the local level but to analyse how participatory processes are embedded in national, or even international governance in a globalized world. Finally, they shed light on two challenges in participatory processes regarding biodiversity: the representation of non‐human interests (designated here as ‘beyond‐human’ voices), and the integration of multiple forms of knowledge systems. Synthesis and applications: Integrating power into biodiversity issues involves deconstructing normalized discourses that focus solely on certain more powerful human agents, their interests and scientific knowledge, and creating new narratives, knowledge and embodied practice of learning and action to encompass a wider diversity of voices and views. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Published
2024
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5. Communities of Practice in Crop Diversity Management: From Data to Collaborative Governance

Author

Louafi, Selim, Thomas, Mathieu, Jankowski, Frédérique, Leclerc, Christian, Barnaud, Adeline, Baufumé, Servane, Guichardaz, Alexandre, Joly, Hélène, Labeyrie, Vanesse, Leclercq, Morgane, Ndiaye, Alihou, Pham, Jean-Louis, Raimond, Christine, Rey, Alexandrine, Saïdou, Abdoul-Aziz, Temple, Ludovic, Williamson, Hugh F., editor, and Leonelli, Sabina, editor

Published
2023
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6. Novel scores relevant to antimicrobial resistance and hospital-acquired infections developed with data from a multi-hospital consortium in the Parisian region of France

Author

Lefevre, Laurence Armand, Aubry, Alexandra, Avettand-Fenoel, Véronique, Barbut, Frédéric, Belec, Laurent, Bercot, Béatrice, Bonacorsi, Stéphane, Calvez, Vincent, Cambau, Emmanuelle, Carbonnelle, Etienne, Charpentier, Charlotte, Chevaliez, Stéphane, Decousser, Jean-Winoc, Delaugerre, Constance, Descamps, Diane, Dortet, Laurent, Doucet-Populaire, Florence, Frange, Pierre, Fourati, Slim, Gaillard, Jean-Louis, Gault, Elyanne, Herrmann, Jean-Louis, Jarlier, Vincent, Kerneis, Solen, Le Goff, Jérôme, Mainardi, Jean-Luc, Marcelin, Anne-Geneviève, Morand-Joubert, Laurence, Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel, Poyart, Claire, Rameix-Welti, Marie-Anne, Robert, Jérôme, Rodriguez, Christophe, Roque Afonso, Anne-Marie, Rottman, Martin, Rozenberg, Flore, Ruppé, Etienne, Skurnik, David, Veziris, Nicolas, Zahar, Jean-Ralph, Barnaud, Guilene, Billard-Pomares, Typhaine, Cuzon, Gaëlle, Decré, Dominique, Doloy, Alexandra, Donay, Jean-Luc, Drieux-Rouzet, Laurence, Durand, Isabelle, Ferroni, Agnès, Fihman, Vincent, Fortineau, Nicolas, Gomart, Camille, Grall, Nathalie, Guillet-Caruba, Christelle, Jaureguy, Françoise, Lalande, Valérie, Landraud, Luce, Leflon, Véronique, Mariani, Patricia, Mihaila, Liliana, Moissenet, Didier, Noussair, Latifa, Podglajen, Isabelle, Poilane, Isabelle, Poupet, Hélène, Rondinaud, Emilie, Tardy, Valérie Sivadon, Trystram, David, Verdet, Charlotte, Vigier, Emmanuelle, Vimont-Billarant, Sophie, Amarsy, R., Granger, B., Fournier, S., Monteil, C., Trystram, D., Siorat, V., Jarlier, V., and Robert, J.

Published
2024
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7. Sahelian smallholders’ varietal mixtures reconcile yield and agrobiodiversity conservation

Author

Aby Cissé, Cathy Clermont-Dauphin, Saïdou N. Sall, Sakmi GIE, Mbane Peasant Groupement, Alihou Ndiaye, Magatte Diouf, Boussira Traore, Khadidiatou Ndir, Ndjido A. Kane, Delphine Renard, Cyrille Violle, Adeline Barnaud, and Cécile Berthouly-Salazar

Subjects
Agrobiodiversity, Varietal mixtures, Pearl millet, Sahel, Flowering, Phenology, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

In the current setting, marked by the major challenges of growing food demand and climate change impacts, the ability of sub-Saharan agriculture to meet population needs depends on the resilience and adaptation capacity of this system. Using agrobiodiversity to promote agricultural sustainability is a strategy that has garnered much attention lately. Research suggests that mixing species or varieties within crop fields could increase the yield and/or stability. This mixing is also geared towards the conservation of crop diversity while ensuring that the various associated products and services will be available at the farm level.Few recent research studies have highlighted the benefits of varietal mixtures for Africa. This lack of research is a concern, given that this continent is considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change. This study was carried out to test whether plots with varietal mixtures would outperform monovarietal plots in terms of yield and pathogen regulation under smallholder farming conditions in Senegal. Together with farmers, we conducted 30 experiments in which mixtures of early- and late-flowering pearl millet landraces were grown in these farmers’ fields, while monitoring their low input management. We noted a significant positive effect of varietal mixtures on grain yield (mean gain of 63 ± 31.5 kg ha−1 for mixture plots, p = 0.046) with a relative yield total (RYT) averaging 1.87 ± 0.94. Both early- and late-flowering landraces benefited from mixtures, with a greater impact on late-flowering landraces. Higher fertility in terms of the seed number, percentage of fertile tillers and number of panicles per tiller, was documented in mixture plots. We did not find a significant effect of mixture on fodder, striga or weed infestation.In water and nutrient resource limiting conditions, such as in Sahelian agroecosystems, growing mixtures of early- and late-flowering landraces appeared to be an efficient way to increase productivity while ensuring agrobiodiversity conservation. Perhaps even more importantly, mixtures allowed farmers to harvest multiple products with different uses in an agrosocioecosystem context with constantly increasing land pressure.

Published
2023
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11. Gestion communautaire des semences et responsabilité collective envers l’agrobiodiversité. De la nécessaire reconnaissance des incommuns

Author

Frédérique Jankowski and Adeline Barnaud

Subjects
Community seed banks, Seed commons, Uncommons, Accountability regimes, Forum theatre, Senegal, Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, K1-7720, Sociology (General), HM401-1281
Abstract

This article examines the extent to which the (re)definition of collective responsibilities associated with community seed bank can contribute to a redefinition of seed relations and status. The analysis is based on interviews and a collaborative and reflective process conducted in Senegal with researchers, development actors and farmers’organizations. From a relational perspective, the notion of responsibility makes it possible to grasp the links that bind humans to each other and humans to seeds from the point of view of these different actors. The plurality of principles of responsibility observed reveals certain uncommons inherent of community seed banks. We emphasize the importance of taking these uncommons into account, both in order to respond to the issues of justice targeted by these mechanisms and to collectively explore new ways of preserving cultivated diversity as well as the plurality of relations to it.

Published
2023
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12. Communities of Practice in Crop Diversity Management: From Data to Collaborative Governance

Author

Louafi, Selim, primary, Thomas, Mathieu, additional, Jankowski, Frédérique, additional, Leclerc, Christian, additional, Barnaud, Adeline, additional, Baufumé, Servane, additional, Guichardaz, Alexandre, additional, Joly, Hélène, additional, Labeyrie, Vanesse, additional, Leclercq, Morgane, additional, Ndiaye, Alihou, additional, Pham, Jean-Louis, additional, Raimond, Christine, additional, Rey, Alexandrine, additional, Saïdou, Abdoul-Aziz, additional, and Temple, Ludovic, additional

Published
2022
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13. Large-Eddy Simulation of flameless combustion with neural-network driven chemistry

Author

Huu-Tri Nguyen, Camille Barnaud, Pascale Domingo, Phuc-Danh Nguyen, and Luc Vervisch

Subjects
Flameless combustion, Turbulent combustion modeling, Large eddy simulation, Detailed chemistry reduction, Neural network, Fuel, TP315-360, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, HD9502-9502.5
Abstract

Large eddy simulation of a flameless combustion furnace is discussed with comparison against experimental measurements of the mean thermochemical quantities. The focus is on the introduction in flow simulations of complex chemistry through the training of neural networks, in order to simulate the oxidation of a gaseous fuel representative of recycled gases available in the steel industry. A canonical problem, based on a non-adiabatic stochastic micro-mixing model and combined with a detailed description of chemistry, is setup to train the neural networks prior to the flow simulation. For these networks to be predictive, the thermochemical composition space is decomposed into sub-domains from a partitioning algorithm. A neural network is trained in every sub-domain to return the increments in time of the most influential thermochemical quantities, from the knowledge of temperature and species mass fractions solved with the flow. Implemented in an open-source low-Mach number fluid mechanics code, the neural networks complex chemistry is shown to be very efficient in terms of CPU time, with an overhead of only 60% compared to the non-reactive multi-species simulation of the furnace.

Published
2023
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14. Surging bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance during the first wave of COVID–19: a study in a large multihospital institution in the Paris region

Author

Arlet, Guillaume, Lefevre, Laurence Armand, Aubry, Alexandra, Belec, Laurent, Bercot, Béatrice, Bonacorsi, Stéphane, Calvez, Vincent, Cambau, Emmanuelle, Carbonnelle, Etienne, Chevaliez, Stéphane, Decousser, Jean-Winoc, Delaugerre, Constance, Descamps, Diane, Doucet-Populaire, Florence, Gaillard, Jean-Louis, Chenon, Antoine Garbarg, Gault, Elyanne, Herrmann, Jean-Louis, Jarlier, Vincent, Goff, Jérôme Le, Lucet, Jean-Christophe, Mainardi, Jean-Luc, Marcellin, Anne-Geneviève, Morand-Joubert, Laurence, Nassif, Xavier, Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel, Robert, Jérôme, Afonso, Anne-Marie Roque, Rottman, Martin, Rouzioux, Christine, Rozenberg, Flore, Simon, François, Veziris, Nicolas, Skurnik, David, Zahar, Jean-Ralph, Barnaud, Guilene, Pomares, Typhaine Billard, Cuzon, Gaëlle, Decré, Dominique, Doloy, Alexandra, Donay, Jean-Luc, Drieux-Rouzet, Laurence, Durand, Isabelle, Ferroni, Agnès, Fihman, Vincent, Fortineau, Nicolas, Gomart, Camille, Grall, Nathalie, Caruba, Christelle Guillet, Jaureguy, Françoise, Lalande, Valérie, Landraud, Luce, Leflon, Véronique, Mariani, Patricia, Mihaila, Liliana, Moissenet, Didier, Noussair, Latifa, Podglajen, Isabelle, Poilane, Isabelle, Poupet, Hélène, Rondinaud, Emilie, Tardy, Valérie Sivadon, Trystram, David, Verdet, Charlotte, Vigier, Emmanuelle, Billarant, Sophie Vimont, Amarsy, Rishma, Monteil, Catherine, Fournier, Sandra, Oliary, Juliette, Junot, Helga, Sabatier, Pierre, and Porcher, Raphaël

Published
2022
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15. Surging bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance during the first wave of COVID–19: a study in a large multihospital institution in the Paris region

Author

Rishma Amarsy, David Trystram, Emmanuelle Cambau, Catherine Monteil, Sandra Fournier, Juliette Oliary, Helga Junot, Pierre Sabatier, Raphaël Porcher, Jérôme Robert, Vincent Jarlier, Guillaume Arlet, Laurence Armand Lefevre, Alexandra Aubry, Laurent Belec, Béatrice Bercot, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Vincent Calvez, Etienne Carbonnelle, Stéphane Chevaliez, Jean-Winoc Decousser, Constance Delaugerre, Diane Descamps, Florence Doucet-Populaire, Jean-Louis Gaillard, Antoine Garbarg- Chenon, Elyanne Gault, Jean-Louis Herrmann, Jérôme Le Goff, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Jean-Luc Mainardi, Anne-Geneviève Marcellin, Laurence Morand-Joubert, Xavier Nassif, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Anne-Marie Roque Afonso, Martin Rottman, Christine Rouzioux, Flore Rozenberg, François Simon, Nicolas Veziris, David Skurnik, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Guilene Barnaud, Typhaine Billard Pomares, Gaëlle Cuzon, Dominique Decré, Alexandra Doloy, Jean-Luc Donay, Laurence Drieux-Rouzet, Isabelle Durand, Agnès Ferroni, Vincent Fihman, Nicolas Fortineau, Camille Gomart, Nathalie Grall, Christelle Guillet Caruba, Françoise Jaureguy, Valérie Lalande, Luce Landraud, Véronique Leflon, Patricia Mariani, Liliana Mihaila, Didier Moissenet, Latifa Noussair, Isabelle Podglajen, Isabelle Poilane, Hélène Poupet, Emilie Rondinaud, Valérie Sivadon Tardy, Charlotte Verdet, Emmanuelle Vigier, and Sophie Vimont Billarant

Subjects
COVID-19, Blood culture, Bloodstream infection incidence, Antibiotic consumption, Antimicrobial resistance, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Objectives: This study measured the impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic (COVID-19) (March–April 2020) on the incidence of bloodstream infections (BSIs) at Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), the largest multisite public healthcare institution in France. Methods: The number of patient admission blood cultures (BCs) collected, number of positive BCs, and antibiotic resistance and consumption were analysed retrospectively for the first quarter of 2020, and also for the first quarter of 2019 for comparison, in 25 APHP hospitals (ca. 14 000 beds). Results: Up to a fourth of patients admitted in March–April 2020 in these hospitals had COVID-19. The BSI rate per 100 admissions increased overall by 24% in March 2020 and 115% in April 2020, and separately for the major pathogens (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, yeasts). A sharp increase in the rate of BSIs caused by microorganisms resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) was also observed in March–April 2020, particularly in K. pneumoniae, enterobacterial species naturally producing inducible AmpC (Enterobacter cloacae...), and P. aeruginosa. A concomitant increase in 3GC consumption occurred. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had a strong impact on hospital management and also unfavourable effects on severe infections, antimicrobial resistance, and laboratory work diagnostics.

Published
2022
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17. Genomic footprints of selection in early-and late-flowering pearl millet landraces

Author

Adama Faye, Adeline Barnaud, Ndjido Ardo Kane, Philippe Cubry, Cédric Mariac, Concetta Burgarella, Bénédicte Rhoné, Aliou Faye, Katina Floride Olodo, Aby Cisse, Marie Couderc, Anaïs Dequincey, Leïla Zekraouï, Djibo Moussa, Moussa Tidjani, Yves Vigouroux, and Cécile Berthouly-Salazar

Subjects
adaptation, flowering, GWAS, genomic scan, yield, PhyC, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Pearl millet is among the top three-cereal production in one of the most climate vulnerable regions, sub-Saharan Africa. Its Sahelian origin makes it adapted to grow in poor sandy soils under low soil water regimes. Pearl millet is thus considered today as one of the most interesting crops to face the global warming. Flowering time, a trait highly correlated with latitude, is one of the key traits that could be modulated to face future global changes. West African pearl millet landraces, can be grouped into early- (EF) and late-flowering (LF) varieties, each flowering group playing a specific role in the functioning and resilience of Sahelian smallholders. The aim of this study was thus to detect genes linked to flowering but also linked to relevant traits within each flowering group. We thus investigated genomic and phenotypic diversity in 109 pearl millet landrace accessions, i.e., 66 early-flowering and 43 late-flowering, grown in the groundnut basin, the first area of rainfed agriculture in Senegal dominated by dry cereals (millet, maize, and sorghum) and legumes (groundnuts, cowpeas). We were able to confirm the role of PhyC gene in pearl millet flowering and identify several other genes that appear to be as much as important, such as FSR12 and HAC1. HAC1 and two other genes appear to be part of QTLs previously identified and deserve further investigation. At the same time, we were able to highlight a several genes and variants that could contribute to the improvement of pearl millet yield, especially since their impact was demonstrated across flowering cycles.

Published
2022
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21. Do power-sensitive stakeholder participation processes in biodiversity conservation lead to effective outcomes ? A systematic review protocol

Author

Lecuyer, Lou, Balian, Estelle, Butler, J.R.A., Butler, Gianetta, Barnaud, Cécile, Calla, Simon, Locatelli, Bruno, Newig, Jens, Pettit, Jethro, Piña-Romero, Sandra, Pound, Diana, Quétier, Fabien, Raquel, Adriana, Salvatori, Valeria, Von Korff, Yorck, Young, Juliette C., Lecuyer, Lou, Balian, Estelle, Butler, J.R.A., Butler, Gianetta, Barnaud, Cécile, Calla, Simon, Locatelli, Bruno, Newig, Jens, Pettit, Jethro, Piña-Romero, Sandra, Pound, Diana, Quétier, Fabien, Raquel, Adriana, Salvatori, Valeria, Von Korff, Yorck, and Young, Juliette C.

Published
2024

22. The importance of understanding the multiple dimensions of power in stakeholder participation for effective biodiversity conservation

Author

Lécuyer, L., Balian, Estelle, Butler, J.R.A., Barnaud, C., Calla, Simon, Locatelli, Bruno, Newig, J., Pettit, Jethro, Pound, Diana, Quetier, F., Salvatori, Valeria, Von Korf, Y., Young, J.C., Lécuyer, L., Balian, Estelle, Butler, J.R.A., Barnaud, C., Calla, Simon, Locatelli, Bruno, Newig, J., Pettit, Jethro, Pound, Diana, Quetier, F., Salvatori, Valeria, Von Korf, Y., and Young, J.C.

Abstract

Biodiversity conservation are increasingly focused on involving stakeholder engagement, making power a key concept in understanding its success and failure. Power is often conceptualized as unidimensional and coercive, but a multidimensional view better reflects structural power, as well as its productive and enabling potential. This paper investigates how different dimensions of power in participatory processes affect biodiversity conservation objectives. Six case studies from Europe and Asia-Pacific were analysed using an adapted framework that explores the interlinkages between 'power over' and 'transformative power', looking at the scale and space in which power occurs, and analysing in which arenas of power and under which form of expression it appears. The framework distinguishes between the different ways to exert influence ('power to', 'power with', 'power within', 'power for'), as well as the dynamics of domination and resistance observed in decision-making (visible power), hidden biases and exclusionary experiences (hidden power), and actions that either reinforce or resist social norms and beliefs (invisible and systematic power). Focusing on biodiversity, the different arenas of power allow us to go deeper than the surface issues and conflicting interests of diverse participants, regarding for example wildlife, to question underlying power dynamics. Different expressions of power, more specifically the 'power for' dimension, allow an understanding of how participants integrate nature and biodiversity in their aspirations. The different levels of power also highlight the need to focus not only on the local level but to analyse how participatory processes are embedded in national, or even international governance in a globalized world. Finally, they shed light on two challenges in participatory processes regarding biodiversity: the representation of non-human interests (designated here as 'beyond-human' voices), and the integration of multiple forms of kno

Published
2024

23. Surface decoration of PLGA nanoparticles enables efficient transport of floxuridine oligomers into mammalian cells

Author

0000-0003-3047-738X, 0000-0001-5383-9334, 0000-0002-5917-6508, 0000-0002-8405-4844, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Barnaud, Laura, Fukuhara, Solène, Pava, Mateo, Carrasco, Marc, Aviñó, Anna, Eritja Casadellà, Ramón, Rodriguez-Abreu, Carlos, Grijalvo, Santiago, 0000-0003-3047-738X, 0000-0001-5383-9334, 0000-0002-5917-6508, 0000-0002-8405-4844, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72], Barnaud, Laura, Fukuhara, Solène, Pava, Mateo, Carrasco, Marc, Aviñó, Anna, Eritja Casadellà, Ramón, Rodriguez-Abreu, Carlos, and Grijalvo, Santiago

Abstract

2′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (Floxuridine, FdU) oligomers are repeated FdU residues linked to each other through phosphate groups exhibiting anticancer properties. One of the major hurdles exhibited by natural oligomers is their reduced stability and limited ability to impart cellular uptake. To overcome these drawbacks, electrostatic and covalent strategies have been used to combine oligomers with nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance stability and cellular internalization. Polymeric NPs, prepared from oil-in-water (O/W) PLGA nano-emulsions (NEs) using low-energy emulsification methods, have shown potential in many biomedical applications owing to their ability to transport drugs across cellular membranes. Carbodiimide-mediated amine coupling reaction and thiol-based Michael-type addition were used to attach FdU oligomers formed by five FdU residues (FdU5) to PLGA NPs. Colloidally stable dispersions of FdU5-decorated PLGA NPs were obtained and characterized in terms of size, surface charge, and morphology in physiological medium. Additionally, synthetic strategies were envisaged to functionalize the surface of FdU5-decorated polymeric NPs with folic acid (FA). Cell culture experiments showed that FdU5-decorated PLGA NPs were able to internalize efficiently inducing cytotoxic effect and inhibiting cell proliferation in tumor cells. These outcomes suggest the feasibility of grafting oligomeric FdU produgs in a covalent fashion into nanoscale platforms as a potential approach for cancer therapy.

Published
2024

28. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults: in-hospital prognosis, long-term disability and determinants of outcome in a multicentre prospective cohort

Author

Duval, Xavier, Hoen, Bruno, Mourvillier, Bruno, Ploy, Marie-Cécile, Tubiana, Sarah, Varon, Emmanuelle, Caron, François, Bollaert, Pierre-Edouard, Gaillot, Olivier, Taha, Muhamed-Kheir, Poyart, Claire, Bonacorsi, Stephane, Vandenesch, François, Cambau, Emmanuelle, Lecuit, Marc, Gravet, Alain, Frachet, Bruno, Broucker, Thomas De, Levy Bruhl, Daniel, Raffi, François, Anguel, Nadia, Argaud, Laurent, Arista, Sophie, Armand-Lefevre, Laurence, Balavoine, Stéphanie, Baraduc, Régine, Barnaud, Guilène, Beraud, Guillaume, Bernard, Louis, Bernars, Georges, Bertei, Dominique, Bessede, Emilie, Billard Pomares, Typhaine, Biron, Charlotte, Bland, Stéphane, Boileau, Julien, Boubeau, Patrice, Bourdon, Sandra, Bousquet, Aurore, Boyer, Sophie, Bozorg-Grayeli, Alexis, Bret, Laurent, Bretonniere, Cédric, Bricaire, François, Brocas, Elsa, Brun, Michel, Buret, Jennifer, Burucoa, Christophe, Cabalion, Jean, Cabon, Mathieu, Camuset, Guillaume, Canevet, Christophe, Carricajo, Anne, Castan, Bernard, Caumes, Eric, Cazanave, Charles, Chabrol, Amélie, Challan-Belval, Thibaut, Chanteperdrix-Marillier, Vanessa, Chaplain, Chantal, Charlier-Woerther, Caroline, Chaussade, Hélène, Chirouze, Catherine, Clair, Bernard, Colot, Julien, Conil, Jean-Marie, Cordel, Hugues, Cormier, Philippe, Cousson, Joël, Cronier, Pierrick, Cua, Eric, Dao-Dubremetz, Anne, Dargere, Sylvie, Degand, Nicolas, Dekeyser, Sophie, Delaune, Deborah, Denes, Eric, Dequin, Pierre-Francois, Descamps, Diane, Descloux, Elodie, Desmaretz, Jean-Luc, Diehl, Jean-Luc, Dimet, Jérôme, Dinh, Aurélien, Escaut, Lelia, Fabe, Claude, Faibis, Frédéric, Flateau, Clara, Fonsale, Nathalie, Forestier, Emmanuel, Fortineau, Nicolas, Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Garandeau, Garcia, Magali, Garot, Denis, Gaudry, Stéphane, Goehringer, François, Gregoire-Faucher, Valérie, Grosset, Marine, Gubavu, Camélia, Gueit, Isabelle, Guelon, Dominique, Guimard, Thomas, Guinard, Jérôme, Hadou, Tahar, Helene, Jean-Pierre, Henard, Sandrine, Henry, Benoit, Hochart, Anne-Cécile, Illes, Gabriela, Jaffuel, Sylvain, Jarrin, Irène, Jaureguy, Françoise, Joseph, Cédric, Juvin, Marie-Emmanuelle, Kayal, Samer, Lacassin, Flore, Lamaury, Isabelle, Lanotte, Philippe, Laurens, Etienne, Laurichesse, Henri, Le Brun, Cécile, Le Moing, Vincent, Le Turnier, Paul, Lecuyer, Hervé, Ledru, Sylvie, Legrix, Céline, Lemaignen, Adrien, Lemble, Chantal, Lemee, Ludovic, Lesens, Olivier, Levast, Marion, Lhommet, Claire, Males, Silvija, Malpote, Edith, Martin-Blondel, Guillaume, Marx, Matthieu, Masson, Raphael, Matray, Olivier, Mbadi, Aurore, Mechai, Frédéric, Mellon, Guillaume, Merens, Audrey, Meyohas, Marie Caroline, Michon, Adrien, Mootien Yoganaden, Joy, Morquin, David, Mouly, Stéphane, Mrozek, Natacha, Nguyen, Sophie, Nguyen, Yohan, Ogielska, Maja, Oziol, Eric, Page, Bernard, Patrat-Delon, Solène, Patry, Isabelle, Pechinot, André, Picot, Sandrine, Pierrejean, Piroth, Lionel, Plassart, Claire, Plessis, Patrice, Portel, Laurent, Poubeau, Patrice, Poupard, Marie, Prazuck, Thierry, Quaesaet, Luc, Ramanantsoa, Adriatsiferana, Rapp, Christophe, Raskine, Laurent, Raymond, Josette, Revest, Matthieu, Riche, Agnès, Robaday-Voisin, Stéphanie, Robin, Frédéric, Romaszko, Jean-Pierre, Rousseau, Florence, Roux, Anne-Laure, Royer, Cecile, Saada, Matthieu, Salmon, Dominique, Saroufim, Carlo, Schmit, Jean-Luc, Sebire, Manuela, Segonds, Christine, Sivadon-Tardy, Valérie, Soismier, Nathalie, Kerneis, Solen, Son, Olivia, Sunder, Simon, Suy, Florence, Tande, Didier, Tankovic, Jacques, Valin, Nadia, Van Grunderbeeck, Nicolas, Verdon, Renaud, Vergnaud, Michel, Vernet-Garnier, Véronique, Vidal, Magali, Vitrat, Virginie, Vittecoq, Daniel, Vuotto, Fanny, Coordination and statistical analyses, Gorenne, Isabelle, Laouenan, Cédric, Marcault, Estelle, Mentre, France, Pasquet, Blandine, Roy, Carine, Tubiana, S., Varon, E., Biron, C., Ploy, M.-C., Mourvillier, B., Taha, M.-K., Revest, M., Poyart, C., Martin-Blondel, G., Lecuit, M., Cua, E., Pasquet, B., Preau, M., Hoen, B., and Duval, X.

Published
2020
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31. Pearl millet genomic vulnerability to climate change in West Africa highlights the need for regional collaboration

Author

Bénédicte Rhoné, Dimitri Defrance, Cécile Berthouly-Salazar, Cédric Mariac, Philippe Cubry, Marie Couderc, Anaïs Dequincey, Aichatou Assoumanne, Ndjido Ardo Kane, Benjamin Sultan, Adeline Barnaud, and Yves Vigouroux

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Replacement of local crops with alternative varieties adapted to future conditions may improve food security under climate change. Here the authors apply landscape genomics and ensemble climate modelling to pearl millet in West Africa, supporting the potential of transfrontier assisted seed exchange.

Published
2020
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32. Fonio millet genome unlocks African orphan crop diversity for agriculture in a changing climate

Author

Michael Abrouk, Hanin Ibrahim Ahmed, Philippe Cubry, Denisa Šimoníková, Stéphane Cauet, Yveline Pailles, Jan Bettgenhaeuser, Liubov Gapa, Nora Scarcelli, Marie Couderc, Leila Zekraoui, Nagarajan Kathiresan, Jana Čížková, Eva Hřibová, Jaroslav Doležel, Sandrine Arribat, Hélène Bergès, Jan J. Wieringa, Mathieu Gueye, Ndjido A. Kane, Christian Leclerc, Sandrine Causse, Sylvie Vancoppenolle, Claire Billot, Thomas Wicker, Yves Vigouroux, Adeline Barnaud, and Simon G. Krattinger

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Fonio millet is a fast growing orphan cereal crop with a great potential for dryland agriculture. Here, the authors report chromosome-scale reference genome assembly and population genomic resources to shed light on genetic diversity, population structure and domestication of fonio millet.

Published
2020
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40. Participatory Approaches

Author

Barreteau, Olivier, Bots, Pieter, Daniell, Katherine, Etienne, Michel, Perez, Pascal, Barnaud, Cécile, Bazile, Didier, Becu, Nicolas, Castella, Jean-Christophe, Daré, William’s, Trebuil, Guy, Abarbanel, Henry D.I., Series Editor, Braha, Dan, Series Editor, Érdi, Péter, Series Editor, Friston, Karl J, Series Editor, Haken, Hermann, Series Editor, Jirsa, Viktor, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Kaneko, Kunihiko, Series Editor, Kelso, Scott, Series Editor, Kirkilionis, Markus, Series Editor, Kurths, Jürgen, Series Editor, Menezes, Ronaldo, Series Editor, Nowak, Andrzej, Series Editor, Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan, Series Editor, Reichl, Linda, Series Editor, Schuster, Peter, Series Editor, Schweitzer, Frank, Series Editor, Sornette, Didier, Series Editor, Thurner, Stefan, Series Editor, Edmonds, Bruce, editor, and Meyer, Ruth, editor

Published
2017
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42. Incidence of paediatric pneumococcal meningitis and emergence of new serotypes: a time-series analysis of a 16-year French national survey

Author

Adam, Marie Noelle, Agha-Mir, Ilhem, Akitani, Sylvia, Amara, Marlène, Arlet, Guillaume, Asensio, Valérie, Autret, Fanny, Baleine, Julien, Barnaud, Guilaine, Barrans, Alain, Barsotti, Katia, Basmaci, Romain, Bednarek, Nathalie, Belgaid, Abdelmalek, Benoist, Grégoire, Bertrou, Anne, Biessy, Hélène, Biran, Valérie, Blanc, Véronique, Blondel, Elodie, Bolot, Pascal, Bosi, Claude, Boyer, Sophie, Brouard, Jacques, Cartier-Riviere, Bernadette, Cascarigny, Françoise, Cattoen, Christian, Chace, Anne, Chalumeau, Martin, Chamouilli, Jean Marc, Chaplain, Chantal, Charachon, Sylvie, Charbonneau, Anne, Cheron, Mireille, Chevallier, Bertrand, Chomienne, Francis, Courouble, Gery, Danekova, Nevena, Dao-Dubremetz, Anne, Daoud, Patrick, Dauger, Stéphane, De Champs, Christophe, De Luca, Danièle, De Briel, André, Decobert, Marion, Desbois, Delphine, Despert, Véronique, Dessein, Rodrigue, Dessioux, Emmanuelle, Dieckmann, Katherine, Dommergues, Marie Aliette, Dorangeon, Elodie, Doucet-Populaire, Florence, Dubos, François, Dubourg, Grégory, Dufour, Marie Josée, Duval, Véronique, Eitenschenck, Laurence, Epaud, Ralph, Evreux, Françoise, Eyer, Didier, Eyssette-Gayraud, Stéphanie, Fabbro, Chrystèle, Faye, Albert, Ferroni, Agnes, Fos, Marie Pierre, Gallet, Serge, Garandeau, Caroline, Garrec, Hélène, Gaschignard, Jean, Gaudelus, Joel, Geniez, Laurent, Girard, Florent, Glastre, Catherine, Glatz, Isabelle, Goudeau, Alain, Gougeon Jollivet, Anne, Goumy, Pierre, Gouraud, François, Goux, Alain, Grando, Anna, Grimprel, Emmanuel, Guilluy, Olivier, Guyon, Gael, Guyot, Caroline, Haas, Hervé, Haegy-Doehring, Isabelle, Halna, Muriel, Hamdad, Farida, Haouisee, Severine, Herve, Christian, Heyman Guenais, Rachel, Hochart, Anne Cécile, Honore Bouakline, Stéphanie, Hubert, Nathalie, Jan, Didier, Javouhey, Etienne, Jeannot, Emmanuel, Jehan, Josette, Juvin, Marie Emmanuelle, Kalach, Nicolas, Khalfi, Ali, Labrune, Philippe, Lafendi, Leila, Lahrach, Hakim, Laisney, Norbert, Landragin, Danielle, Lapeyre, Fabrice, Laugel, Vincent, Launay, Elise, Lavigne, Jean Philippe, Le Bideau, Marc, Ledru, Sylvie, Lehours, Philippe, Lejri, Nejib, Lemenand, Olivier, Lorrot, Mathie, Lureau, Pierre, M'Bamba, Célestin, Macchi, Valérie, Madhi, Fouad, Marcou, Valérie, Marin, Mariane, Martha, Sandrine Anne, Martinot, Alain, Mezgueldi, Ellia, Micaelo, Maité, Milcent, Karen, Minette Brunel, Delphine, Moissenet, Didier, Moquet, Olivier, Morisot, Cyril, Moulene, Eric, Nicola, Nawal, Oulepsir, Abdelaziz, Pantalone, Leatitia, Patoz, Pierre, Pellegrino, Beatrice, Penel-Capelle, Delphine, Pierre, Marie Hélène, Pinquier, Didier, Pitsch, Aurélia, Plassart, Claire, Porcheret, Huong, Prere, Marie Françoise, Raymond, Josette, Rey, Agnes, Richardin, Florence, Roussellier, Patricia, Roux, Anne Laure, Roybet, Danielle, Sadik, Ahmed, Sarlangue, Jean, Saumureau, Simone, Savoy, Isabelle, Schneider, Jean Marc, Sebag, Olivier, Sivadon-Tardy, Valérie, Soustelle, Nicolas, Texier, Anthony, Thouvenin, Maxime, Toubiana, Julie, Tronc, Fréderic, Twizeyimana, Eterne, Vachee, Anne, Vernet-Garnier, Véronqiue, Vervel, Christine, Violette, Jérémie, Wallet, Fréderic, Warin, Laure, Yangui, Mohamed Amine, Ythier, Hubert, Zimmermann, Brigitte, Ouldali, Naim, Levy, Corinne, Varon, Emmanuelle, Bonacorsi, Stéphane, Béchet, Stéphane, Cohen, Robert, and Angoulvant, François

Published
2018
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43. La biodiversité, une ressource, mais aussi un fardeau ? Intérêt et limites des notions de services et disservices écosystémiques pour repenser les interactions nature-sociétés dans les territoires ruraux

Author

Julien Blanco, Clémence Moreau, Chloé Guerbois, Cécile Barnaud, Pierre-Cyril Renaud, Marc Deconchat, and Émilie Andrieu

Subjects
governance, protected areas, natural resource management, human-wildlife conflicts, coexistence, multifunctional landscapes, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

The degradation and preservation of natural resources are often sources of tensions and conflicts between stakeholders in territories. The ecosystem service (ES) framework has been widely used to analyse these processes and design more effective governance arrangements. In this contribution, we develop the non-conventional idea that integrating the contested concept of ecosystem disservice (EDS), which refers to the nuisances associated with ecosystems, improves the understanding of these processes, and may eventually help towards more environmental justice. We focus on three case studies where environmental issues provide both ES and EDS: wild boar in the Mont Lozère (France), farm trees in the coteaux de Gascogne (France), and elephant in Hwange (Zimbabwe). In total, 119 semi-structured interviews or anonymous essays were conducted and analysed through two axes: i) people’s representations and practices around E(D)S, and ii) E(D)S governance. Our results show that the concept of EDS, associated with ES, helps reveal the complexity and ambivalence of stakeholders’ representations. It also allows to assess the role of practices in reinforcing or mitigating ecological nuisances that are not necessarily linked with ecological dynamics. This concept also enriches the understanding of stakeholders’ positions and governance issues, for example in revealing contradictions and side effects of certain environmental policies. Despite the existent controversies around it, the concept of EDS seems promising for rethinking environmental governance in territories.

Published
2021
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45. Abandonment of pearl millet cropping and homogenization of its diversity over a 40 year period in Senegal.

Author

Katina F Olodo, Adeline Barnaud, Ndjido A Kane, Cédric Mariac, Adama Faye, Marie Couderc, Leïla Zekraouï, Anaïs Dequincey, Diégane Diouf, Yves Vigouroux, and Cécile Berthouly-Salazar

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Cultivated diversity is considered an insurance against major climatic variability. However, since the 1980s, several studies have shown that climate variability and agricultural changes may already have locally eroded crop genetic diversity. We studied pearl millet diversity in Senegal through a comparison of pearl millet landraces collected 40 years apart. We found that more than 20% of villages visited in 1976 had stopped growing pearl millet. Despite this, its overall genetic diversity has been maintained but differentiation between early- and late-flowering accessions has been reduced. We also found stronger crop-to-wild gene flow than wild-to-crop gene flow and that wild-to-crop gene flow was weaker in 2016 than in 1976. In conclusion, our results highlight genetic homogenization in Senegal. This homogenization within cultivated pearl millet and between wild and cultivated forms is a key factor in genetic erosion and it is often overlooked. Improved assessment and conservation strategies are needed to promote and conserve both wild and cultivated pearl millet diversity.

Published
2020
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46. Can the intake of antiparasitic secondary metabolites explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites among wild Psittaciformes?

Author

Juan F. Masello, Javier Martínez, Luciano Calderón, Michael Wink, Petra Quillfeldt, Virginia Sanz, Jörn Theuerkauf, Luis Ortiz-Catedral, Igor Berkunsky, Dianne Brunton, José A. Díaz-Luque, Mark E. Hauber, Valeria Ojeda, Antoine Barnaud, Laura Casalins, Bethany Jackson, Alfredo Mijares, Romel Rosales, Gláucia Seixas, Patricia Serafini, Adriana Silva-Iturriza, Elenise Sipinski, Rodrigo A. Vásquez, Peter Widmann, Indira Widmann, and Santiago Merino

Subjects
Antiparasitic metabolites, Blood parasites, Cacatuidae, Haemoparasites, Herbivorous, Omnivorous, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Parasites can exert selection pressure on their hosts through effects on survival, on reproductive success, on sexually selected ornament, with important ecological and evolutionary consequences, such as changes in population viability. Consequently, hemoparasites have become the focus of recent avian studies. Infection varies significantly among taxa. Various factors might explain the differences in infection among taxa, including habitat, climate, host density, the presence of vectors, life history and immune defence. Feeding behaviour can also be relevant both through increased exposure to vectors and consumption of secondary metabolites with preventative or therapeutic effects that can reduce parasite load. However, the latter has been little investigated. Psittaciformes (parrots and cockatoos) are a good model to investigate these topics, as they are known to use biological control against ectoparasites and to feed on toxic food. We investigated the presence of avian malaria parasites (Plasmodium), intracellular haemosporidians (Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon), unicellular flagellate protozoans (Trypanosoma) and microfilariae in 19 Psittaciformes species from a range of habitats in the Indo-Malayan, Australasian and Neotropical regions. We gathered additional data on hemoparasites in wild Psittaciformes from the literature. We considered factors that may control the presence of hemoparasites in the Psittaciformes, compiling information on diet, habitat, and climate. Furthermore, we investigated the role of diet in providing antiparasitic secondary metabolites that could be used as self-medication to reduce parasite load. Results We found hemoparasites in only two of 19 species sampled. Among them, all species that consume at least one food item known for its secondary metabolites with antimalarial, trypanocidal or general antiparasitic properties, were free from hemoparasites. In contrast, the infected parrots do not consume food items with antimalarial or even general antiparasitic properties. We found that the two infected species in this study consumed omnivorous diets. When we combined our data with data from studies previously investigating blood parasites in wild parrots, the positive relationship between omnivorous diets and hemoparasite infestation was confirmed. Individuals from open habitats were less infected than those from forests. Conclusions The consumption of food items known for their secondary metabolites with antimalarial, trypanocidal or general antiparasitic properties, as well as the higher proportion of infected species among omnivorous parrots, could explain the low prevalence of hemoparasites reported in many vertebrates.

Published
2018
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50. Towards conservation and sustainable use of an indigenous crop: A large partnership network enabled the genetic diversity assessment of 1539 fonio (Digitaria exilis) accessions

Author

Kaczmarek, Thomas, primary, Causse, Sandrine, additional, Abdul, Suleiman D., additional, Abraham, Solomon, additional, Achigan‐Dako, Enoch G., additional, Adje, Charlotte, additional, Adjebeng‐Danquah, Joseph, additional, Agyare, Richard Y., additional, Akanvou, Louise, additional, Bakasso, Yacoubou, additional, Barry, Mamadou B., additional, Bonsu, Samuel K., additional, Calatayud, Caroline, additional, Conde, Soukeye, additional, Couderc, Marie, additional, Dachi, Stephen N., additional, Diallo, Tely, additional, Diop, Baye M., additional, Deu, Monique, additional, Gueye, Mame C., additional, Ibrahim Bio Yerima, Abdou R., additional, Issah, Abdul R., additional, Kane, Ndjido A., additional, Keita, Yeremakhan, additional, Kombiok, James, additional, Ngom, Ablaye, additional, Noyer, Jean‐Louis, additional, Olodo, Katina, additional, Oselebe, Happiness O., additional, Pham, Jean‐Louis, additional, Piquet, Marie, additional, Puozaa, Doris K., additional, Rivallan, Ronan, additional, Saidou, Sani, additional, Sekloka, Emmanuel, additional, Tengey, Theophilus K., additional, Uyoh, Edak A., additional, Vancoppenolle, Sylvie, additional, Vigouroux, Yves, additional, Zekraoui, Leila, additional, Leclerc, Christian, additional, Barnaud, Adeline, additional, and Billot, Claire, additional

Published
2023
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