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Diabetes can lead to various acute clinical complications, although the occurrence of ophthalmic signs and symptoms is uncommon. Neovascular glaucoma (NG), a rare complication associated with diabetes mellitus, is one such condition. Additionally, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is a rare complication of intravitreal bevacizumab. In this case report, we present a unique case of a patient with juvenile diabetes (type 1 diabetes mellitus) who presented to the emergency room (ER) with typical features of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) accompanied by bilateral ocular pain. Subsequent investigation revealed secondary angle-closure neovascular glaucoma as the underlying cause. The patient received management for DKA in the ER and subsequent medicine ward. Various interventions were performed for glaucoma in the right eye, including addressing cataracts, which ultimately resulted in TASS. The patient was successfully treated with cryo-diode laser therapy., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Barkhane et al.)

The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to patients without rheumatoid arthritis. We conducted a thorough search of online databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, to identify English-language publications examining cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis from January 1, 2005, to May 15, 2023. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was performed using relevant keywords such as "rheumatoid arthritis," "cardiovascular diseases," and "risk," along with their synonyms. Medical subject heading (MeSH) terms and Boolean operators (AND, OR) were employed to optimize the search. Outcomes assessed in this study included composite cardiovascular events (as defined by individual studies), myocardial infarction, and stroke (including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke). Overall, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the present meta-analysis. We found that the risk of composite CVD was higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to patients without rheumatoid arthritis. We also found a higher risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to their counterparts. This study demonstrates the elevated risk of CVD in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and highlights the importance of incorporating cardiovascular management and assessment into the care of these patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Barkhane et al.)

The aim of this study is to determine the predictors of mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH). This systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Statement guidelines. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from January 2010 to April 2023 using the following keywords: "systemic sclerosis," "pulmonary arterial hypertension," "death," and "predictors," along with medical subject headings (MeSH), to identify relevant studies. A total of eight studies with a total of 530 patients were included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled one-year, three-year, and five-year survival was 90% (95% CI: 86-93%), 66% (95% CI: 59-72%), and 44% (95% CI: 23-65%), respectively. Factors associated with mortality in SSc-PAH included age (p-value: 0.02), male gender (p-value: 0.008), pericardial effusion (p-value: 0.003), cardiac index (p-value: 0.0001), six-minute walking distance (p-value: 0.04), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) (p-value: 0.01), and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification (p-value: 0.0002). The findings of this study have important clinical implications. Assessing and managing the identified predictors, such as age, gender, pericardial effusion, PAP, cardiac index, and NYHA class, could help identify individuals at higher risk of mortality and guide treatment strategies., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Barkhane et al.)

Lower back pain caused by anatomical lumbosacral transitional vertebra is known as Bertolotti's syndrome. We present the case of a 65-year-old male with persistent chronic lower back pain with radiological evidence of an anatomical lumbosacral pseudo-joint bilaterally. The patient underwent conservative treatment with lidocaine and steroids that helped to improve and manage his symptoms. Our patient is an elderly one, and it is quite uncommon for the first appearance of Bertolotti's syndrome. Therefore, Bertolotti's syndrome is a rare cause of lower back pain, and clinicians should consider it in the differential diagnosis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Barkhane et al.)

Hyperthyroidism directly affects the cardiovascular system, altering the heart's normal function and leading to high cardiovascular mortality. Excess thyroid hormones are associated with significantly increased risk and prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF). This article reviewed the hemodynamic changes and the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial and ventricular arrhythmias associated with hyperthyroidism. It has also discussed the multi-level pathophysiology of thyrotoxic AF, sinus tachycardia, and different treatment modalities such as anti-thyroid drugs, beta-blockers, and the role of cardioversion and catheter ablation. This article has explored different studies that have concluded that AF and sinus tachycardia are the most common arrhythmias associated with thyrotoxicosis., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Ahmad et al.)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory illness that affects the central nervous system (CNS) when the body's immune system attacks its tissue. It is characterized by demyelination and varying degrees of axonal loss. This article has compiled various studies elaborating MS and other autoimmune diseases (ADs) co-occurrence. Several conditions that fall into this category, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and many others, are found in MS patients and their relatives, suggesting one or more common etiologic mechanisms, including genetic, environmental, and immunological factors, supporting the concept of a possible influence of poly-autoimmunity on MS and the rest of ADs, as well as providing a significant feature for early detection of the disease and also a potential treatment option by clinical neurologists., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Barkhane et al.)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic collection of symptoms and lowers the quality of life. The management of such patients has always involved mitigating the symptoms produced by this disorder. This article reviews the role of probiotics in IBS by compiling various studies to deduce the possible symptomatic relief that probiotics may provide to IBS patients. Given the encouraging part of probiotics in abundant other gastrointestinal conditions, this article focuses on understanding the specific functional effects (if any) that are brought about by adding probiotics in patients with different types of IBS such as IBS with predominant constipation, IBS with predominant diarrhea, and even the unclassified type of IBS. The purpose of analyzing the role of probiotics is to study the changes brought about by them at the level of the gut microbiota in patients suffering from IBS, as this may prove to be of prime importance in managing such conditions with time. This article has also furnished an overview of the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, treatment modalities, sources of probiotics, and their therapeutic significance in IBS patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Satish Kumar et al.)

Cancer is an immunosuppressive disorder with characteristic features of unchecked cell growth, invasion, and sometimes thromboembolism leading to multiple systemic sequelae, including infective endocarditis. This article has compiled some of the crucial mechanisms by which infective endocarditis occurs in cancer patients, its risk factors, and the existing treatment interventions. It has focused on the necessity of being aware that these multiple pathogeneses are involved in the development of infective endocarditis (IE) in cancer patients, which would help delineate the risk factors associated with the condition and help physicians screen better for specific red flags. Identifying these risk factors and patient-oriented therapy, targeting the necessary elements such as causative organism, patient immune status, type of cancer, choosing evidence-based treatment modalities, and to improve the outcome of the disease in an already exasperating condition called cancer., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Pugalenthi et al.)

Breast cancer (BC) is defined as an uncontrolled growth of breast cells that affected 2.3 million women in 2020 alone. Until a few years earlier, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the most commonly used treatments in treating BC; however, many trials and studies were conducted to test the competence of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) in arresting the cell cycle, and it was found that they were highly influential in halting the disease from progressing. Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are the three drugs that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are even more efficient when used in combination with aromatase inhibitors and fulvestrant. This article aimed to explain the effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors on tumor cells and their efficacy in combination with other drugs. We further explored the development of resistance to these treatments and future possibilities., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Reddy et al.)

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome resulting from structural cardiac remodeling and altered function that impairs tissue perfusion. This article aimed to highlight the current diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the management of HF and prospective future applications. Reviewed are the physics associated with CMR, its use in ischemic and non-ischemic causes of HF, and its role in quantifying left ventricular ejection fraction. It also emphasized that CMR allows for noninvasive morphologic and functional assessment, tissue characterization, blood flow, and perfusion evaluation in patients with suspected or diagnosed HF. CMR has become a crucial instrument for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy planning in patients with HF and cardiomyopathy due to its accuracy in quantifying cardiac volumes and ejection fraction (considered the gold standard) as well as native and post-contrast myocardial tissue characterization., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Elmadi et al.)