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The SEIS (seismic experiment for the interior structure of Mars) experiment on the NASA InSight mission has catalogued hundreds of marsquakes so far. However, the detectability of these events is controlled by the weather which generates noise on the seismometer. This affects the catalogue on both diurnal and seasonal scales. We propose to use machine learning methods to fit the wind, pressure and temperature data to the seismic energy recorded in the 0.4–1 and 2.2–2.6 Hz bandwidths to examine low- (LF) and high-frequency (HF) seismic event categories respectively. We implement Gaussian process regression and neural network models for this task. This approach provides the relationship between the atmospheric state and seismic energy. The obtained seismic energy estimate is used to calculate signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of marsquakes for multiple bandwidths. We can then demonstrate the presence of LF energy above the noise level during several events predominantly categorized as HF, suggesting a continuum in event spectra distribution across the marsquake types. We introduce an algorithm to detect marsquakes based on the subtraction of the predicted noise from the observed data. This algorithm finds 39 previously undetected marsquakes, with another 40 possible candidates. Furthermore, an analysis of the detection algorithm's variable threshold provides an empirical estimate of marsquake detectivity. This suggests that events producing the largest signal on the seismometer would be seen almost all the time, the median size signal event 45–50 per cent of the time and smallest signal events 5−20 per cent of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets as one type of two-dimensional materials have garnered increasing attention in the field of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in recent decades. To address the challenges associated with poor conductivity and limited electron and charge transfer capability in LDH materials, we have developed a straightforward one-pot synthesis method to successfully fabricate a composite material with a microstructure resembling cabbage, which encompasses NiFe-LDH and nanocarbon (referred as NiFe-LDH@C). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed that the monolayer NiFe-LDH with a height of ~0.5-0.8 nm is uniformly distributed and closely bonded to the carbon support, leading to a significant enhancement in conductivity and facilitating faster electron and charge transfer. Moreover, the NiFe-LDH@C exhibits a substantial number of surface defect sites, which enhances the interaction with oxygen species. This dual enhancement in charge transfer and oxygen species-mediated transfer greatly improves the catalytic OER performance, which is further corroborated by theoretical calculations. Notably, the Ni 10 Fe 6 -LDH@C with the highest concentration of surface oxygen vacancies demonstrated superior water oxidation performance, surpassing commercially available RuO 2 catalysts; an OER overpotential of 231 mV@10 mA cm -2 with a Tafel slope of 71 mV dec -1 was achieved., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

This review focuses on exploring the intricate relationship between the catalyst particle size and shape on a nanoscale level and how it affects the performance of reactions. Drawing from decades of research, valuable insights have been gained. Intentionally shaping catalyst particles makes exposing a more significant percentage of reactive facets possible, enabling the control of overactive sites. In this study, the effectiveness of Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) with nanometric size as a catalyst is examined, with a particular emphasis on the coordination patterns between oxygen and cobalt atoms on the surface of these NPs. Investigating the correlation between the structure and reactivity of the exposed NPs reveals that the form of Co 3 O 4 with nanometric size can be modified to tune its catalytic capabilities finely. Morphology-dependent nanocatalysis is often attributed to the advantageous exposure of reactive crystal facets accumulating numerous active sites. However, experimental evidences highlight the importance of considering the reorganization of NPs throughout their actions and the potential synergistic effects between nearby reactive and less-active aspects. Despite the significant role played by the atomic structure of Co 3 O 4 NPs with nanometric size, limited attention has been given to this aspect due to challenges in high-resolution characterizations. To bridge this gap, this review strongly advocates for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the structure and reactivity through real-time observation of individual NPs during the operation. Proposed techniques enable the assessment of dimensions, configuration, and interfacial arrangement, along with the monitoring of structural alterations caused by fluctuating temperature and gaseous conditions. Integrating this live data with spectroscopic methods commonly employed in studying inactive catalysts holds the potential for an enhanced understanding of the fundamental active sites and the dynamic behavior exhibited in catalytic settings., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The effect on catalytic behavior induced by different morphology of NiO supports has been investigated using the example of gold-catalyzed CO oxidation. Three NiO-supported nanogold consisting of nanogold deposited onto NiO nanorods (NiO-R), nanosheet (NiO-S), and nanodiscs (NiO-D) were prepared. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)/Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM) investigations indicated that Au particles dominantly exposed Au(111) facets virtually independent of NiO architectures. Au/NiO-S displayed a normal Arrhenius-type behavior. Au/NiO-R and Au/NiO-D showed an atypical behavior, characterized by a U-shaped curve of activity vs. temperature, which is attributed to the carbonate accumulation on whose catalytically active sites. On Au/NiO-R, a stable CO-conversion rate of 1.78 mol CO g Au -1 h -1 at 30°C was achieved, which is among the higher rates reported so far for supported Au-based systems. DRIFTS measurement identified Au δ+ species as crucial CO adsorption sites promoting CO oxidation, and the catalytic CO oxidation should obey Mars-van Krevelen (<200°C) and Eley-Rideal mechanism (>240°C)., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Authors.)

In this study, gold nanoparticles were dispersed on Co 3 O 4 nanoplates, forming a specific Au-Co 3 O 4 interface. Upon calcination at 300 °C in air, aberration-corrected STEM images evidenced that the gold nanoclusters (NCs) on Co 3 O 4 {111} were maintained at ca. 2.2 nm, which is similar to the size of the parent Au colloidal particles, demonstrating the stronger metal-support interaction (SMSI) on Co 3 O 4 {111}. Au/Co 3 O 4 {111} showed good catalytic activity (a full CO conversion achieved at 80 °C) and durability (over 10 hours) in CO oxidation, which was mainly due to the promotion by the surface oxygen vacancies and intrinsic defects of Co 3 O 4 {111} for activating O 2 and by Au 0 , Au δ + , and Au + species on the surface of gold NCs for CO activation, as evidenced by Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis. Au/Co 3 O 4 catalyzed CO oxidation obeyed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism at low temperatures., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The interfacial perimeter of nanogold and supports is often deemed as the catalytically active site for multiple reactions while the geometrical configuration of the interfacial perimeter at atomic scale is less studied. Herein, gold nanoparticles (NPs) of ca. 2.0 nm are dispersed on Co 3 O 4 support in the shape of nanocubes (dominant Co 3 O 4 (001) facet) and nanoplates (Co 3 O 4 (111)), which forms different Au-Co 3 O 4 interfaces with respect to the specific facet of the oxide support. A comparison is made on the basis of the interfacial structures and catalytic behavior of ethylene glycol oxidation. STEM analysis identifies that these metallic Au NPs interact with Co 3 O 4 with an orientation relationship of Au/Co 3 O 4 (001) and Au/Co 3 O 4 (111). XPS and Raman spectroscopy investigations reveal the important variations in the reactivity of surface oxygen, surface O ads /O L ratio, and evolution of surface oxygen vacancies upon variation of the Co 3 O 4 shape. Au/Co 3 O 4 -P exhibits much better catalytic activity than the Au/Co 3 O 4 -C counterpart in the aerobic oxidation of ethylene glycol, which is promoted by surface oxygen vacancies and intrinsic defects. It has been revealed that the surface oxygen vacancies participate in activating O 2 , thus making Co 3 O 4 -P a superior support for Au NPs in the catalysis of ethylene glycol oxidation., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Hybrid materials consisting of functional organic molecules on metal oxide nanomaterials are key components in emerging technologies, for example in energy conversion and molecular electronics. In this work, we present the results of a comparative study of carboxyl-functionalized porphyrins on different oxide nanomaterials. Specifically, we investigated the interaction of 5(3-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-21,23H-porphyrin (2H-3-MCTPP) and 5(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-21,23H-porphyrin (2H-4-MCTPP), on MgO, TiO2, and Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using isothermal and temperature-programmed diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). We show that both porphyrins bind to the NPs, yielding stable monolayer films consisting of tilted surface carboxylates. In all cases, anchoring through the carboxylic acid group suppresses self-metalation of the porphyrin unit. Upon annealing, all anchored porphyrin films undergo metalation. The position of the acid group has no major influence on the reactivity. The same is true for the nature of the metal oxide, suggesting that the observed behaviour is general for most anchored porphyrin films on oxide nanomaterials.