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This report summarise the work made in order to understand the potential waste biomass in Europe and to select among them the waste biomass most suitable for gasification considering availability on significant scale (t/year), good technical (physical (low water content and high bulk density) and chemical (high Caloric Value, high volatile substances, low ash, high Carbon to Nitrogen ratio, low Chlorine and Sulphur content)) and economic (selling cost at production site plus transport cost) characteristics and to characterise (proximate and ultimate analysis, elements determinations, ignition and burn-out temperatures, ashes characterization) the waste biomass selected as representative. In particular, this report, shows the work undertaken under the Task 2.1, Biomass supply led by USGM and the Task 2.2, Feedstock characterisation led by ENEA of the WP2, Gasification & conditioning tests, of the BLAZE project by USGM (5 MM), ENEA (4 MM), EUBIA (4 MM) and UNIVAQ (1MM). This report is composed of the following parts: Chapter 2, Introduction, quotes a brief introduction on biomass and gasification definitions and related characteristics; Chapter 3, Biomass specifications for gasification, quotes a short description of the main biomass specifications for gasification; Chapter 4, Biomass feedstock, describes the biomass availability and cost on the EU 28 countries by groups and subgroups and regions; Chapter 5, CHP potential, summarises CHP plants widespread over EU in the capacity range from 25-100 kWe (small scale) to 0.1-5MWe (medium scale); Chapter 6, Supply chain cost, describes the supply cost for different biomass category; Chapter 7, Biomass selection, selects 10 samples and 5 mixtures representative of the most available European biomass species that will be characterized in chapter 8 and gasified in Task 2.3 (D2.2) in order to asses syngas composition and contaminants that affect SOFC and related gasifier parameters and bed materials to reduce SOFC hazardous effects; Chapter 8, Biomass characterization, quotes the chemical and physical characterization of the waste biomass selected, illustrating the protocols used, the proximate/preliminary and ultimate/elemental analysis, the elements determinations, ignition and burn-out temperatures, ash melting behaviour and thermophysical characterization; Chapter 9, Conclusions, quotes a comprehensive discussion and outlook; Chapter 10, References, quotes the references of all the report. At the end there are 15 pages that quotes, as Annex I and II, the experimental results on ignition/burn out temperatures and TGA of ashes.

This report summarise the work made in order to understand the potential waste biomass in Europe and to select among them the waste biomass most suitable for gasification considering availability on significant scale (t/year), good technical (physical (low water content and high bulk density) and chemical (high Caloric Value, high volatile substances, low ash, high Carbon to Nitrogen ratio, low Chlorine and Sulphur content)) and economic (selling cost at production site plus transport cost) characteristics and to characterise (proximate and ultimate analysis, elements determinations, ignition and burn-out temperatures, ashes characterization) the waste biomass selected as representative. In particular, this report, shows the work undertaken under the Task 2.1, Biomass supply led by USGM and the Task 2.2, Feedstock characterisation led by ENEA of the WP2, Gasification & conditioning tests, of the BLAZE project by USGM (5 MM), ENEA (4 MM), EUBIA (4 MM) and UNIVAQ (1MM). This report is composed of the following parts: Chapter 2, Introduction, quotes a brief introduction on biomass and gasification definitions and related characteristics; Chapter 3, Biomass specifications for gasification, quotes a short description of the main biomass specifications for gasification; Chapter 4, Biomass feedstock, describes the biomass availability and cost on the EU 28 countries by groups and subgroups and regions; Chapter 5, CHP potential, summarises CHP plants widespread over EU in the capacity range from 25-100 kWe (small scale) to 0.1-5MWe (medium scale); Chapter 6, Supply chain cost, describes the supply cost for different biomass category; Chapter 7, Biomass selection, selects 10 samples and 5 mixtures representative of the most available European biomass species that will be characterized in chapter 8 and gasified in Task 2.3 (D2.2) in order to asses syngas composition and contaminants that affect SOFC and related gasifier parameters and bed materials to reduce SOFC hazardous effects; Chapter 8, Biomass characterization, quotes the chemical and physical characterization of the waste biomass selected, illustrating the protocols used, the proximate/preliminary and ultimate/elemental analysis, the elements determinations, ignition and burn-out temperatures, ash melting behaviour and thermophysical characterization; Chapter 9, Conclusions, quotes a comprehensive discussion and outlook; Chapter 10, References, quotes the references of all the report. At the end there are 15 pages that quotes, as Annex I and II, the experimental results on ignition/burn out temperatures and TGA of ashes.

This report summarise the work made in order to understand the potential waste biomass in Europe and to select among them the waste biomass most suitable for gasification considering availability on significant scale (t/year), good technical (physical (low water content and high bulk density) and chemical (high Caloric Value, high volatile substances, low ash, high Carbon to Nitrogen ratio, low Chlorine and Sulphur content)) and economic (selling cost at production site plus transport cost) characteristics and to characterise (proximate and ultimate analysis, elements determinations, ignition and burn-out temperatures, ashes characterization) the waste biomass selected as representative. In particular, this report, shows the work undertaken under the Task 2.1, Biomass supply led by USGM and the Task 2.2, Feedstock characterisation led by ENEA of the WP2, Gasification & conditioning tests, of the BLAZE project by USGM (5 MM), ENEA (4 MM), EUBIA (4 MM) and UNIVAQ (1MM). This report is composed of the following parts: Chapter 2, Introduction, quotes a brief introduction on biomass and gasification definitions and related characteristics; Chapter 3, Biomass specifications for gasification, quotes a short description of the main biomass specifications for gasification; Chapter 4, Biomass feedstock, describes the biomass availability and cost on the EU 28 countries by groups and subgroups and regions; Chapter 5, CHP potential, summarises CHP plants widespread over EU in the capacity range from 25-100 kWe (small scale) to 0.1-5MWe (medium scale); Chapter 6, Supply chain cost, describes the supply cost for different biomass category; Chapter 7, Biomass selection, selects 10 samples and 5 mixtures representative of the most available European biomass species that will be characterized in chapter 8 and gasified in Task 2.3 (D2.2) in order to asses syngas composition and contaminants that affect SOFC and related gasifier parameters and bed materials to reduce SOFC hazardous effects; Chapter 8, Biomass characterization, quotes the chemical and physical characterization of the waste biomass selected, illustrating the protocols used, the proximate/preliminary and ultimate/elemental analysis, the elements determinations, ignition and burn-out temperatures, ash melting behaviour and thermophysical characterization; Chapter 9, Conclusions, quotes a comprehensive discussion and outlook; Chapter 10, References, quotes the references of all the report. At the end there are 15 pages that quotes, as Annex I and II, the experimental results on ignition/burn out temperatures and TGA of ashes.

Production of energy or chemicals from biomass and several waste substrates appears a concrete strategy for replacing fossil fuels and reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. In particular, methanol from biomass or bio-waste is considered a reliable energy vector and key intermediate for industrial chemistry. Currently, methanol is industrially produced via syngas conversion using natural gas as the main feedstock. Bio-methane produced via anaerobic digestion (AD) of Organic Fraction Municipal Solid Wastes (OFMSW) may be used as an alternative to natural gas for production of syngas with optimal composition via commercialized reforming processes. In this work, a techno-environmental assessment for methanol production from biogas is presented and discussed. In particular, three case studies were assessed to minimize the environmental impact of bio-methanol production.

A modified Olivine, enriched in iron content (10% Fe/Olivine), and a natural bauxite, were tested in the in-bed reduction of tar and alkali halides (NaCl and KCl) released in a process of biomass steam/O 2 gasification. The tests were carried out at an ICBFB bench scale reactor under the operating conditions of: 855–890 °C, atmospheric pressure, 0.5 steam/biomass and 0.33 ER ratios. From the use of the two materials, a reduction in the contaminant contents of the fuel gas produced was found. For the alkali halides, a decrease up to 70% wt was observed for the potassium concentration, while for sodium, the reduction was found to be quite poor. For the organic content, compared to unmodified Olivine, the chromatographically determined total tar quantity showed a removal efficiency of 38% wt . Moreover, regarding the particulate content a rough doubling in the fuel gas revealed a certain brittleness of the new bed material.