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Nanotechnology plays an important role opportunity in several industries, biotechnology, medicine, and environments by creating new opportunities. These roles may be developed for recyclability, to prevent environmental pollution and performance of countless products. For example, in terms of environmental protection, nanotechnology has every possible method. The most influential members of the environment are insects in terms of species numbers-varieties. For this reason, in terms of the sustainability of these areas, it is important to analyze insects in more detail, especially in freshwater. If these details are obtained, it can only be feasible with nano-scale research that current and evolving technology. The purpose of this review is to investigate to take lead in the formation of ideas that will enable the discovery of new features about correlations between aquatic insects and nanotechnology. It is expected that this review will enable us to explore the latest ecological data and will lead us to new methodological approaches on nano-scale for aquatic insects.

The present study was focused on isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from pastirma (a Turkish dry-cured meat product). In this regard, one hundred and six lactic acid bacteria were isolated from pastirma obtained from fourteen different manufacturers and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to identify these lactic acid bacteria isolates. Besides, samples were subjected to enumerations of lactic acid bacteria, Micrococcus 'Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and yeast-mould and analysis of pH and water activity (a(w)). As a result of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, 27.4%, 24.5% and 19.8% of isolates were identified as Lactobacillus sakei, Weisella cibaria and W confusa, respectively. Pediococcus pentosaceus (5.7%), P. acidilactici (4.7%), Leuconostoc carnosum (3.8%), W hellenica (2.8%), L plantarum (1.9%), L. paraplantarum (1.9%), L. curvatus (1.9%), W. halotolerans (1.9%), L graminis (0.9%), L. carnosus (0.9%), Leu. citreum (0.9%), Leu. mesenteroides (0.9%) were also isolated from pastirma samples. In pastirma samples, the counts of Micrococcus/Staphylococcus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast-mould ranged between 5.28 and 7.69, 3.30 and 7.90, 230 and 6.42 log cfu/g, respectively. The count of Enterobacteriaceae was usually determined as under the detectable level (< 2 log cfu/g). pH and a(w) values of pastirma samples varied from 5.29 to 6.65 and 0.862 to 0.924, respectively. (c)2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fungi, an important group with a wide variety of species, shows spectacular development with their unique cell structures. Fungi survive in many different ecosystems with their reproductive abilities and metabolic features. Thanks to wide temperature and pH tolerances, fungi develop on organic and inorganic materials in all ecosystems they are in and maintain the existence of ecosystems by taking part in many cycles. However, examples of pathogens are also available. They are a group of organisms that are environmentally important, such as saprophytes and mutualists, but are pathogens for animals, especially plants. Fungi basically have two different cell structures: yeast, and molds. But some fungi have both of these structures. Depending on the temperature of the environment they are in, they can be found in yeast or mold structures, and fungi with this feature are called dimorphic fungi. Whether it is yeast, mold, or dimorphic fungi, they use their enzymes with high activity to benefit from the nutrients in the environment. Fungi can be easily grown in natural and synthetic media. Yeast can reproduce rapidly with their single-celled structure, while molds and mushrooms are very successful with their hyphae structures.

In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on seed incubation of spring wheat and barley. Three bacterial strains were applied singly and in combinations. Seed inoculation with strains significantly affected grain yield (GY), straw (SWY), total yield (TY), and plant nutrient element (PNE) content. In field trials, compared to the control, single inoculations gave GY SWY, and TY increases by 27.5-31.9%, 1.1-5.3%, and 1.3-11.3% in wheat and 15.1-27.8%, 10.8-15.5%, and 14.5-18.5% in barley, respectively, but mixtures of strains gave increases in GY, SWY, and TY by 54.7%, 2.1%, and 6.7% in wheat and 57.8%, 14.6%, and 17.5% in barley, respectively. According to the results, it was concluded that seed inoculations with PGPR and mixture inoculation might satisfy nitrogen requirements, but Bacillus megaterium M3 and MIX (Bacillus subtilis 05U142, B. megaterium M3, Azospirillum brasilense Sp245) inoculation provided greater PNE concentrations than mineral fertilizer application for wheat and barley under field conditions., European Union [FP6-FOOD-CT-2006-036297], This study was supported financially by a grant from the FP6-FOOD-CT-2006-036297 (rhizobacteria for reduced fertilizer inputs in wheat) funded by the FP6 program of the European Union.

European Biotechnology Congress -- MAY 16-18, 2013 -- Comenius Univ, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA, …, European Biotechnol Themat Network Assoc, Comenius Univ, Fac Nat Sci

This study was designed to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of luteolin derivatives (luteolin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-rutinoside and luteolin 7-O-glucuronide) isolated from Mentha longifolia (L) Huds. subsp. longifolia by using Ames Salmonella test (TA 1535 and TA1537 strains). In the antimutagenicity assays, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-rutinoside and luteolin 7-O-glucuronide showed antimutagenic effects on TA1537 and TA1535 strains. The highest inhibition rates for luteolin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-rutinoside and luteolin 7-O-glucuronide on TA1537 strain were 84.03%, 87.63% and 67.77%, respectively. Similarly, in the antimutagenicity assays performed with the TA1535 strain, the inhibition rates for luteolin 7-O-glucoside and luteolin 7-O-rutinoside were 23.86% and 23.76% respectively. Our findings showed that the antimutagenic properties of luteolin derivatives on TA1537 and TA1535 strains have been found to be structure dependent. The clarification of differences in antimutagenic potency of these luteolin derivatives based on their structures has been demonstrated in this study. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [107T203], This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK: 107T203).

Eurobiotech Agriculture Symposium -- APR 12-14, 2012 -- Erciyes Univ, Kayseri, TURKEY, …, European Biotechnol Themat Network Assoc

7th Tannin Conference/58th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medical-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research -- AUG 29-SEP 02, 2010 -- Berlin, GERMANY, WOS: 000282066500390, …, Soc Med Plant Nat Prod Res

WOS: 000236794500006, The in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extract from Hyssopus officinalis L. ssp. angustifolius were investigated. The essential oil, which has pinocarvone, pinocamphone, and beta-pinene as main components, exhibited activity against eight bacteria, and ten fungi and a yeast, C. albicans, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values (MIC) ranging from 15.625 to 250 mu L/ mL; the methanol extract was inactive. With regard to antioxidant activity, the essential oil was inactive, while the methanol extract provided 50% inhibition at a concentration of 117.0 mu g/ mL in DPPH assay and 40% inhibition at the concentration of 2 g/L in linoleic acid test system.