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The study investigates the impact of management strategies (reducing chain of command, developing informal interaction, implementing incentive policy, easy performance appraisal, encouraging higher interdependency, and open space workstations) to mitigate the knowledge-hiding behaviours while using the psychological contract as a mediator between management strategies and knowledge-hiding behaviours. Symmetric (PLS-SEM) and asymmetric (fsQCA) methods are used to analyse time lag data collected from 457 employees of software houses. Except for the reducing chain of command, the PLS-SEM results show that all management strategies and psychological contract have a significant role in reducing knowledge-hiding behaviours. The fsQCA results suggest that all management strategies and psychological contract play their role in different causal recipes while influencing the knowledge-hiding behaviours, however, developing informal interaction, implementing incentive policy, easy performance appraisal, and psychological contracts have more consistent contributions in these causal recipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates employees' responses (turnover intention and counterproductive work behavior) to different forms of psychological contract breach (relational and transactional), and the mediating role of organizational cynicism between employees' responses and psychological contract breach. This study used a time lag technique for data collection from 411 bank employees in Pakistan. PLS-SEM and SmartPls software were applied for data analyses. The findings show that relational psychological contract breach has no significant impact on turnover intention but transactional psychological contract breach has a significant impact on turnover intention. However, counterproductive work behavior has a significant association with both forms of psychological contract breach (relational and transactional). Organizational cynicism significantly mediates the relation of relational psychological contract breach and turnover intention, but fails to mediate the relation between transactional psychological contract breach and turnover intention. Contrary to this, organizational cynicism partially mediates the relation between psychological contract breach (relational and transactional) and counterproductive work behavior. The implications and future directions are discussed in the last section of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though many studies have examined the role of instrumental guanxi in the formation and development of entrepreneurship, how instrumental guanxi and social competence support entrepreneurs in enhancing firm financial performance (FFP) has not been investigated. Thus, this study investigates the relationship between entrepreneurs' social competence and FFP in the textile industry of China and Pakistan to examine how instrumental guanxi mediates the said relationship. In Studies 1 and 2, 251 Chinese and 270 Pakistani entrepreneurs, respectively, were randomly selected. The partial least square structural equation modelling approach was employed to evaluate the data. In Study 1, social perception, impression management, and expressiveness have a positive and significant impact on FFP. Moreover, instrumental guanxi partially mediates the impact of all dimensions of social competence except social perception. In Study 2, impression management, persuasiveness, and expressiveness have a positive and significant impact on FFP, and instrumental guanxi partially mediates the impact of social adaptability on FFP. Given the competitive advantage theory, both groups of entrepreneurs can mutually support and enhance their social competence as well as FFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]