42 results on '"Barczyk, S."'
Search Results
2. Strahlentherapie
- Author
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Barczyk, S., Krause, M., Rhomberg, W., Margulies, Anita, editor, Kroner, Thomas, editor, Gaisser, Andrea, editor, and Bachmann-Mettler, Irène, editor
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Interobserver agreement on definition of the target volume in stereotactic radiotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma using different imaging modalities
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Gkika, E; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-252X, Kostyszyn, D, Fechter, T, Moustakis, C, Ernst, F, Boda-Heggemann, J, Sarria, G, Dieckmann, K, Dobiasch, S, Duma, M N, Eberle, F, Kroeger, K, Häussler, B, Izaguirre, V, Jazmati, D, Lautenschläger, S, Lohaus, F, Mantel, F, Menzel, J, Pachmann, S, Pavic, M, Radlanski, K, Riesterer, O, Gerum, S, Röder, F, Willner, J, Barczyk, S, Imhoff, D, Blanck, O, Wittig, A, et al, Guckenberger, M, Gkika, E; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-252X, Kostyszyn, D, Fechter, T, Moustakis, C, Ernst, F, Boda-Heggemann, J, Sarria, G, Dieckmann, K, Dobiasch, S, Duma, M N, Eberle, F, Kroeger, K, Häussler, B, Izaguirre, V, Jazmati, D, Lautenschläger, S, Lohaus, F, Mantel, F, Menzel, J, Pachmann, S, Pavic, M, Radlanski, K, Riesterer, O, Gerum, S, Röder, F, Willner, J, Barczyk, S, Imhoff, D, Blanck, O, Wittig, A, et al, and Guckenberger, M
- Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate interobserver agreement (IOA) on target volume definition for pancreatic cancer (PACA) within the Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiotherapy Working Group of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) and to identify the influence of imaging modalities on the definition of the target volumes. METHODS Two cases of locally advanced PACA and one local recurrence were selected from a large SBRT database. Delineation was based on either a planning 4D CT with or without (w/wo) IV contrast, w/wo PET/CT, and w/wo diagnostic MRI. Novel compared to other studies, a combination of four metrics was used to integrate several aspects of target volume segmentation: the Dice coefficient (DSC), the Hausdorff distance (HD), the probabilistic distance (PBD), and the volumetric similarity (VS). RESULTS For all three GTVs, the median DSC was 0.75 (range 0.17-0.95), the median HD 15 (range 3.22-67.11) mm, the median PBD 0.33 (range 0.06-4.86), and the median VS was 0.88 (range 0.31-1). For ITVs and PTVs the results were similar. When comparing the imaging modalities for delineation, the best agreement for the GTV was achieved using PET/CT, and for the ITV and PTV using 4D PET/CT, in treatment position with abdominal compression. CONCLUSION Overall, there was good GTV agreement (DSC). Combined metrics appeared to allow a more valid detection of interobserver variation. For SBRT, either 4D PET/CT or 3D PET/CT in treatment position with abdominal compression leads to better agreement and should be considered as a very useful imaging modality for the definition of treatment volumes in pancreatic SBRT. Contouring does not appear to be the weakest link in the treatment planning chain of SBRT for PACA.
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- 2023
4. Interobserver agreement on definition of the target volume in stereotactic radiotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma using different imaging modalities
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Gkika, E, Kostyszyn, D, Fechter, T, Moustakis, C, Ernst, F, Boda-Heggemann, J, Sarria, G, Dieckmann, K, Dobiasch, S, Duma, M N, Eberle, F, Kroeger, K, Häussler, B, Izaguirre, V, Jazmati, D, Lautenschläger, S, Lohaus, F, Mantel, F, Menzel, J, Pachmann, S, Pavic, M, Radlanski, K, Riesterer, O, Gerum, S, Röder, F, Willner, J, Barczyk, S, Imhoff, D, Blanck, O, Wittig, A, et al, and Guckenberger, M
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Measure where protons stop in the patient: Verification of proton therapy by means of prompt gamma rays
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Khamfongkhruea, C., Nenoff, L., Priegnitz, M., Barczyk, S., Berthold, J., Vander Stappen, F., Petzoldt, J., Smeets, J., Enghardt, W., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
- Abstract
Introduction Proton therapy is the most advanced radiotherapeutic technique. For the same dose in the tumor, the dose in the surrounding normal tissue is substantially lower than in classical radiation therapy using photon beams. Protons stop in the patient and no dose is deposited behind that position. However, the resulting dose deposition is more sensitive to anatomical changes during treatment and to uncertainties in the CT-based range calculation. Therefore, monitoring of the proton range during treatment would substantially improve proton therapy. Prompt gamma radiation, which is emitted in nuclear reactions of the proton beam with the patient’s tissue, can be used to conclude on the proton range. The most translational advanced approach is prompt-gamma imaging (PGI) using a so-called slit camera [1]. A one-dimensional projection of the prompt-gamma distribution is acquired through a slit collimator onto a spatially resolved detector (Fig.1). The system, developed by IBA, is evaluated concerning its clinical benefit. Materials and Methods The PGI slit-camera was first enabled for routine clinical use by developing dedicated calibration and QA procedures as well as a clinical workflow and setting up a clinical study. In 2015, we were able to perform the first in-man PGI-based range verification [2], 13 years after the idea was initially proposed. In addition, the sensitivity and accuracy of the PGI slit-camera to detect different types of treatment deviations were evaluated for pencil-beam-scanning (PBS) proton therapy in an anthropomorphic phantom [3]. Following, a 2nd generation system was developed to improve positioning accuracy and reproducibility. Clinical application of this system in PBS proton therapy started in 2018. Results In the first in-man applications, detected inter-fractional global range variations were below ±2 mm, and thereby within the overall measurement uncertainties. This was verified with independent control CTs acquired directly before treatment. The phantom study revealed, that global and local range shifts can be detected with high sensitivity. Shift detection accuracy was better than 2 mm under clinical conditions. With the 2nd generation system, positioning uncertainty could be reduced to about 1 mm, potentially allowing a first in-man validation of the absolute range prediction as the measurement uncertainty is below the range prediction uncertainty. Conclusion With the translation from basic physics experiments into clinical operation, we were able to demonstrate the applicability of PGI-based range verification for improving the accuracy of proton therapy. Currently, we systematically evaluate the clinical benefit of the approach aiming for an automated detection of clinical relevant treatment deviation and classification of the underlying error source.
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- 2019
6. Potential proton and photon dose degradation in advanced head and neck cancer patients by intra-therapy changes
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Stützer, K., Jakobi, A., Bandurska-Luque, A., Barczyk, S., Arnsmeyer, C., Löck, S., and Richter, C.
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Dose degradation ,IMPT ,Setup error ,IMRT ,Interfractional changes ,Head-and-neck cancer ,neoplasms ,therapeutics - Abstract
Purpose: Evaluation of dose degradation by anatomic changes for head-and-neck cancer (HNC) intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) relative to intensity-modulated photon therapy (IMRT) and identification of potential indicators for IMPT treatment plan adaptation. Methods: For 31 advanced HNC datasets, IMPT and IMRT plans were recalculated on a computed tomography scan (CT) taken after about four weeks of therapy. Dose parameter changes were determined for the organs at risk (OARs) spinal cord, brain stem, parotid glands, brachial plexus and mandible, for the clinical target volume (CTV) and the healthy tissue outside planning target volume (PTV). Correlation of dose degradation with target volume changes and quality of rigid CT matching was investigated. Results: Recalculated IMPT dose distributions showed stronger degradation than the IMRT doses. OAR analysis revealed significant changes in parotid median dose (IMPT) and near maximum dose (D1ml) of spinal cord (IMPT, IMRT) and mandible (IMPT). OAR dose parameters remained lower in IMPT cases. CTV coverage (V95%) and overdose (V107%) deteriorated for IMPT plans to (93.4±5.4)% and (10.6±12.5)%, while those for IMRT plans remained acceptable. Recalculated plans showed similarly decreased PTV conformity, but considerable hotspots, also outside the PTV, emerged in IMPT cases. Lower CT matching quality was significantly correlated with loss of PTV conformity (IMPT, IMRT), CTV homogeneity and coverage (IMPT). Target shrinkage correlated with increased dose in brachial plexus (IMRT, IMPT), hotspot generation outside the PTV (IMPT) and lower PTV conformity (IMRT). Conclusions: The study underlines the necessity of precise positioning and monitoring of anatomy changes, especially in IMPT which might require adaptation more often. Since OAR doses remained typically below constraints, IMPT plan adaptation might be indicated by target dose degradations.
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- 2017
7. Prompt γ-ray based proton range verification: From experiments to clinical application
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Priegnitz, M., Nenoff, L., Barczyk, S., Golnik, C., Hotoiu, L., Keitz, I., Smeets, J., Trezza, A., Vander Stappen, F., Werner, T., Fiedler, F., Prieels, D., Baumann, M., Enghardt, W., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
- Abstract
no abstract available
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- 2016
8. First experience from the clinical application of a prompt gamma based proton range verification system in passive scattering mode and sensitivity evaluation compared to active scanning
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Nenoff, L., Priegnitz, M., Barczyk, S., Trezza, A., Golnik, C., Keitz, I., Thiele, J., Smeets, J., Vander Stappen, F., Hotoiu, L., Prieels, D., Baumann, M., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
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genetic structures ,sense organs - Abstract
After a first clinical application of a prompt gamma knife-edge slit-camera in double scattering (DS) mode, systematic measurements and quantitative analysis of patient data have been started. To investigate the detection sensitivity of the slit camera for range deviations in DS compared to pencil beam scanning (PBS), phantom measurements in both treatment modes with clinically relevant treatment plans have been performed.
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- 2016
9. Detectability of local range shifts in double scattered proton irradiation with a prompt gamma slit camera
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Priegnitz, M., Nenoff, L., Barczyk, S., Vander Stappen, F., Hotoiu, L., Smeets, J., Fiedler, F., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
- Abstract
no abstract available
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- 2016
10. Clinical application of a prompt gamma based in-vivo proton range verification using a knife-edge slit camera
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Nenoff, L., Barczyk, S., Priegnitz, M., Keitz, I., Thiele, J., Smeets, J., Vander Stappen, F., Baumann, M., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
- Abstract
To improve the precision and reduce the margins for particle therapy, in-vivo range verification is desirable. In this study, a range verification based on prompt gamma imaging (PGI) was applied to patients and compared with in-room CT data.
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- 2016
11. Evaluation of a deformable registration algorithm for subsequent lung computed tomography imaging during radiochemotherapy
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Stützer, K., Haase, R., Lohaus, F., Barczyk, S., Exner, F., Löck, S., Rühaak, J., Lassen-Schmidt, B., Corr, D., Richter, C., and Publica
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lung segmentation ,deformable lung registration ,landmarks ,inconsistency vector field - Abstract
Purpose: Rating both a lung segmentation algorithm and a deformable image registration (DIR) algorithm for subsequent lung computed tomography (CT) images by different evaluation techniques. Furthermore, investigating the relative performance and the correlation of the different evaluation techniques to address their potential value in a clinical setting. Methods: Two to seven subsequent CT images (69 in total) of 15 lung cancer patients were acquired prior, during, and after radiochemotherapy. Automated lung segmentations were compared to manually adapted contours. DIR between the first and all following CT images was performed with a fast algorithm specialized for lung tissue registration, requiring the lung segmentation as input. DIR results were evaluated based on landmark distances, lung contour metrics, and vector field inconsistencies in different subvolumes defined by eroding the lung contour. Correlations between the results from the three methods were evaluated. Results: Automated lung contour segmentation was satisfactory in 18 cases (26%), failed in 6 cases (9%), and required manual correction in 45 cases (66%). Initial and corrected contours had large overlap but showed strong local deviations. Landmark-based DIR evaluation revealed high accuracy compared to CT resolution with an average error of 2.9 mm. Contour metrics of deformed contours were largely satisfactory. The median vector length of inconsistency vector fields was 0.9 mm in the lung volume and slightly smaller for the eroded volumes. There was no clear correlation between the three evaluation approaches. Conclusions: Automatic lung segmentation remains challenging but can assist the manual delineation process. Proven by three techniques, the inspected DIR algorithm delivers reliable results for the lung CT data sets acquired at different time points. Clinical application of DIR demands a fast DIR evaluation to identify unacceptable results, for instance, by combining different automated DIR evaluation methods.
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- 2016
12. First clinical application of a prompt gamma based in vivo proton range verification
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Richter, C., Pausch, G., Barczyk, S., Priegnitz, M., Keitz, I., Thiele, J., Smeets, J., Vander Stappen, F., Bombelli, L., Fiorini, C., Hotoiu, L., Perali, I., Prieels, D., Enghardt, W., and Baumann, M.
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: To improve precision of particle therapy, in vivo range verification is highly desirable. Methods based on prompt gamma rays emitted during treatment seem promising but have not yet been applied clinically. Here we report on the worldwide first clinical application of prompt gamma imaging (PGI) based range verification. Material and Methods: A prototype of a knife-edge shaped slit camera was used to measure the prompt gamma ray depth distribution during a proton treatment of a head and neck tumor for seven consecutive fractions. Inter-fractional variations of the prompt gamma profile were evaluated. For three fractions in-room control CTs were acquired and evaluated for dose relevant changes. Results: The measurement of PGI profiles during proton treatment was successful. Based on the PGI information, inter-fractional global range variations were in the range of ±2 mm for all evaluated fractions. This is in agreement with the control CT evaluation showing negligible range variations of about 1.5 mm. Conclusions: For the first time, range verification based on prompt gamma imaging was applied for a clinical proton treatment. With the translation from basic physics experiments into clinical operation, the potential to improve the precision of particle therapy with this technique has increased considerably.
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- 2016
13. Translation of a prompt gamma based proton range verification system to first clinical application
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Richter, C., Pausch, G., Barczyk, S., Priegnitz, M., Golnik, G., Bombelli, L., Enghardt, W., Fiedler, F., Fiorini, C., Hotoiu, L., Janssens, G., Keitz, I., Mein, S., Perali, I., Prieels, D., Smeets, J., Thiele, J., Vander Stappen, F., Werner, T., and Baumann, M.
- Abstract
To improve precision of particle therapy, in vivo range verification is highly desirable to reduce range uncertainties and thereby increase the advantage of proton therapy. Methods based on prompt gamma rays emitted during treatment seem promising but have not yet been applied clinically, although proposed 12 years ago. We report on the translational implementation as well as the worldwide first clinical application of prompt gamma imaging (PGI) based range verification. A prototype of a PGI camera was used to measure the prompt gamma depth distribution during proton treatment of a head and neck tumor. Inter-fractional variations of the prompt gamma profile were evaluated and anatomical changes were independently verified.
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- 2016
14. Towards clinical application: Prompt gamma imaging of passively scattered proton fields with a knife-edge slit camera
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Priegnitz, M., Barczyk, S., Nenoff, L., Golnik, C., Keitz, I., Werner, T., Mein, S., Smeets, J., Vander Stappen, F., Janssens, G., Hotoiu, L., Fiedler, F., Prieels, D., Enghardt, W., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
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slit camera ,double scattering ,prompt gamma imaging ,passively scattered proton treatment ,proton therapy ,range verification - Abstract
Prompt γ-ray imaging with a knife-edge shaped slit camera provides the possibility of verifying proton beam range in tumor therapy. Dedicated experiments regarding the characterization of the camera system have been performed previously. Now, we aim at implementing the prototype into clinical application of monitoring patient treatments. Focused on this goal of translation into clinical operation, we systematically addressed remaining challenges and questions. We developed a robust energy calibration routine and corresponding quality assurance protocols. Furthermore, with dedicated experiments, we determined the positioning precision of the system to 1.1 mm (2σ). For the first time, we demonstrated the application of the slit camera, which was intentionally developed for pencil beam scanning, to double scattered proton beams. Systematic experiments with increasing complexity were performed. It was possible to visualize proton range shifts of 2 - 5 mm with the camera system in phantom experiments in passive scattered fields. Moreover, prompt γ-ray profiles for single iso-energy layers were acquired by synchronizing time resolved measurements to the rotation of the range modulator wheel of the treatment system. Thus, a mapping of the acquired profiles to different anatomical regions along the beam path is feasible and additional information on the source of potential range shifts can be obtained. With the work presented here, we show that an application of the slit camera in clinical treatments is possible and of potential benefit.
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- 2016
15. Prompt-Gamma-Imaging for range verification in proton therapy: Towards clinical implementation
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Barczyk, S., Golnik, C., Priegnitz, M., Vander Stappen, F., Janssens, G., Smeets, J., Clementel, E., Hotoiu, L., Xivry, J. O., Baumann, M., Enghardt, W., Fiedler, F., Krause, M., Prieels, D., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
- Abstract
No abstract available
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- 2015
16. Reichweiteverifikation bei der Protonentherapie mit einer Prompt-Gamma-Schlitzkamera – Auf dem Weg zur klinischen Anwendung
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Priegnitz, M., Barczyk, S., Golnik, C., Janssens, G., Smeets, J., Vander Stappen, F., Clementel, E., Hotoiu, L., Xivry, J. O., Baumann, M., Enghardt, W., Fiedler, F., Krause, M., Prieels, D., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
- Abstract
In der Radioonkologie gewinnt die Bestrahlung mit Protonen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Um die vorteilhaften strahlenphysikalischen Eigenschaften jedoch voll ausschöpfen zu können, ist eine Verifizierung der Protonenreichweite notwendig. Hierfür gibt es verschiedene Ansätze, wobei das Prompt Gamma Imaging (PGI) eine vielversprechende Methode ist. Eine Schlitzkamera, welche eine mögliche technische Realisierung für das PGI darstellt, ermöglicht die tiefenaufgelöste Messung von protoneninduzierten Prompt-Gamma-Emissionen und erlaubt Aussagen über die tatsächliche Reichweite der applizierten Protonen. An der Universitätsprotonentherapie Dresden (UPTD) wird in naher Zukunft eine klinische Studie zur Nutzung einer solchen Schlitzkamera im Patientenbetrieb beginnen. Hierfür erfolgen gegenwärtig die Vorbereitung der klinischen Implementierung sowie die systematische Charakterisierung des Kamerasystems.
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- 2015
17. First clinical application of a prompt gamma based in vivo proton range verification using a knife-edge slit camera
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Richter, C., Pausch, G., Barczyk, S., Priegnitz, M., Keitz, I., Thiele, J., Smeets, J., Vander Stappen, F., Bombelli, L., Fiorini, C., Hotoiu, L., Perali, I., Prieels, D., Enghardt, W., Baumann, M., Richter, C., Pausch, G., Barczyk, S., Priegnitz, M., Keitz, I., Thiele, J., Smeets, J., Vander Stappen, F., Bombelli, L., Fiorini, C., Hotoiu, L., Perali, I., Prieels, D., Enghardt, W., and Baumann, M.
- Abstract
To improve precision of particle therapy, in vivo range verification is highly desirable. Methods based on prompt gamma rays emitted during treatment seem promising but have not yet been applied clinically. Here we report on the worldwide first clinical application of prompt gamma imaging (PGI) based range verification.
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- 2016
18. Prompt gamma imaging of passively shaped proton fields with a knife-edge slit camera
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Priegnitz, M., Barczyk, S., Keitz, I., Mein, S., Vander Stappen, F., Janssens, G., Hotoiu, L., Smeets, J., Fiedler, F., Prieels, D., Enghardt, W., Pausch, G., Richter, C., Priegnitz, M., Barczyk, S., Keitz, I., Mein, S., Vander Stappen, F., Janssens, G., Hotoiu, L., Smeets, J., Fiedler, F., Prieels, D., Enghardt, W., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
- Abstract
Range verification in proton therapy is highly desirable to fully exploit the advantageous properties of proton beams for tumor therapy. In this context, prompt gamma imaging (PGI) is of growing interest and different technical concepts for realization are currently under investigation. The feasibility of range shift detection with a slit camera has previously been shown for different targets irradiated with protons in pencil beam scanning mode. In preparation of the clinical application of the slit camera within a patient study, we report on the first application of the slit camera to passively shaped proton beams.
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- 2016
19. Towards clinical application: prompt gamma imaging of passively scattered proton fields with a knife-edge slit camera
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Priegnitz, M, primary, Barczyk, S, additional, Nenoff, L, additional, Golnik, C, additional, Keitz, I, additional, Werner, T, additional, Mein, S, additional, Smeets, J, additional, Vander Stappen, F, additional, Janssens, G, additional, Hotoiu, L, additional, Fiedler, F, additional, Prieels, D, additional, Enghardt, W, additional, Pausch, G, additional, and Richter, C, additional
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- 2016
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20. OC-0456: Translation of a prompt gamma based proton range verification system to first clinical application
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Richter, C., primary, Pausch, G., additional, Barczyk, S., additional, Priegnitz, M., additional, Golnik, C., additional, Bombelli, L., additional, Enghardt, W., additional, Fiedler, F., additional, Fiorini, C., additional, Hotoiu, L., additional, Janssens, G., additional, Keitz, I., additional, Mein, S., additional, Perali, I., additional, Prieels, D., additional, Smeets, J., additional, Thiele, J., additional, Vander Stappen, F., additional, Werner, T., additional, and Baumann, M., additional
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- 2016
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21. Prompt gamma imaging of passively shaped proton fields with a knife-edge slit camera
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Priegnitz, M., primary, Barczyk, S., additional, Keitz, I., additional, Mein, S., additional, Stappen, F.V., additional, Janssens, G., additional, Hotoiu, L., additional, Smeets, J., additional, Fiedler, F., additional, Prieels, D., additional, Enghardt, W., additional, Pausch, G., additional, and Richter, C., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. First clinical application of a prompt gamma based in vivo proton range verification using a knife-edge slit camera
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Richter, C., primary, Pausch, G., additional, Barczyk, S., additional, Priegnitz, M., additional, Keitz, I., additional, Thiele, J., additional, Smeets, J., additional, Vander Stappen, F., additional, Bombelli, L., additional, Fiorini, C., additional, Hotoiu, L., additional, Perali, I., additional, Prieels, D., additional, Enghardt, W., additional, and Baumann, M., additional
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- 2016
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23. Prompt-Gamma-Imaging für die Echtzeit-Reichweiten-Verifikation in der Protonentherapie: Auf dem Weg zur klinischen Implementierung
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Barczyk, S., Golnik, C., Priegnitz, M., Vander Stappen, F., Janssens, G., Smeets, J., Clementel, E., Hotoiu, L., Xivry, J. O., Baumann, M., Enghardt, W., Fiedler, F., Krause, M., Prieels, D., Pausch, G., Richter, C., Barczyk, S., Golnik, C., Priegnitz, M., Vander Stappen, F., Janssens, G., Smeets, J., Clementel, E., Hotoiu, L., Xivry, J. O., Baumann, M., Enghardt, W., Fiedler, F., Krause, M., Prieels, D., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
- Abstract
Eine besondere Herausforderung der Protonentherapie besteht in der Unsicherheit der Protonenreichweite im Patienten und den resultierenden Unsicherheiten der Dosisverteilung. Hier bietet die Methode der Reichweiten-Verifikation anhand der protoneninduzierten Prompt-Gamma-Emission einen vielversprechenden Ansatz zur Verringerung der Unsicherheiten. Hierfür wurde ein Prototyp einer Prompt-Gamma-Kamera von der Firma IBA entwickelt und für die zukünftige klinische Anwendung an der Dresdner Protonentherapieanlage installiert. In Zusammenarbeit mit IBA erfolgte die umfangreiche Charakterisierung und Vorbereitung der Kamera für die klinische Anwendung. Dies beinhaltete die Hardware- und Softwareentwicklung, Kalibrierung und Qualitätssicherung sowie die Erprobung am Phantom für unterschiedliche Bestrahlungsmodalitäten.
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- 2015
24. Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
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Schael, S, Barate, R, Bruneliere, R, Buskulic, D, Bonis, De, Decamp, I, Ghez, D, Goy, P, Jezequel, C, Lees, S, Lucotte, Jp, Martin, A, Merle, F, Minard, E, Nief, Mn, Odier, Jy, Pietrzyk, P, Trocme, B, Bravo, B, Casado, S, Chmeissani, Mp, Comas, M, Crespo, P, Fernandez, Jm, E, Fernandez, Bosman, Garrido, M, Grauges, L, Juste, E, Martinez, A, Merino, M, Miquel, G, Mir, R, Orteu, Lm, Pacheco, S, Park, A, Perlas, Ic, Riu, J, Ruiz, I, Sanchez, H, Colaleo, F, Creanza, A, D, Filippis, De, N, Palma, De, Iaselli, M, Maggi, G, Nuzzo, M, Ranieri, S, Raso, A, Ruggieri, G, Selvaggi, F, Silvestris, G, Tempesta, L, Tricomi, P, Zito, A, Huang, G, Lin, X, Ouyang, J, Wang, Q, Xie, T, Xu, Y, Xue, R, Zhang, S, Zhang, J, Zhao, L, Abbaneo, W, Bazarko, D, Becker, A, Boix, U, Bird, G, Blucher, F, Bonvicini, E, B, Bright, Thomas, Barklow, P, Buchmuller, T, Cattaneo, O, Cerutti, M, Ciulli, F, Clerbaux, V, Drevermann, B, Forty, H, Frank, Rw, Greening, M, Hagelberg, Tc, Halley, R, Gianotti, Aw, Girone, F, Hansen, M, Harvey, Jb, Jacobsen, J, Hutchcroft, R, Janot, De, Jost, R, Knobloch, B, Kado, J, Lehraus, M, Lazeyras, I, Maley, P, Mato, R, May, P, Moutussi, J, A, Pepe, Altarelli, Ranjard, M, Rolandi, F, Schlatter, L, Schmitt, D, Schneider, B, Tejessy, O, Teubert, W, Tomalin, F, Tournefier, Ir, Veenhof, E, Valassi, R, Wiedenmann, A, Wright, W, Ajaltouni, Ae, Badaud, Z, Chazelle, F, Deschamps, G, Dessagne, O, Falvard, S, Ferdi, A, Fayolle, C, Gay, D, Guicheney, P, Henrard, C, Jousset, P, Michel, J, Monteil, B, Montret, S, Pallin, Jc, Pascolo, D, Perret, Jm, Podlyski, P, Bertelsen, F, Fernley, H, Hansen, T, Hansen, Jd, Hansen, Jr, Kraan, Ph, Lindahl, Ac, Mollerud, A, Nilsson, R, Rensch, Bs, Waananen, B, Daskalakis, A, Kyriakis, G, Markou, A, Simopoulou, C, Siotis, E, Vayaki, I, Zachariadou, A, Blondel, K, Bonneaud, A, Brient, G, Machefert, Jc, Rouge, E, Rumpf, A, Swynghedauw, M, Tanaka, M, Verderi, R, Videau, M, Focardi, H, Parrini, E, Corden, G, Georgiopoulos, M, Antonelli, C, Antonelli, A, 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Thaler, Fe, Thom, Jj, Trandafir, J, Turk, Ai, Usher, Jd, Vavra, T, Vella, J, Venuti, E, Verdier, Jp, Wagner, R, Waite, Sr, Walston, Ap, Wang, S, Watts, J, Weidemann, Sj, Weiss, Aw, Whitaker, Er, White, Js, Wickens, Sl, Williams, Fj, Williams, Da, Williams, Dc, Willocq, Sh, Wilson, S, Wisniewski, Rj, Wittlin, Wj, Woods, Jl, Word, M, Wright, Gb, Wyss, Tr, Yamamoto, J, Yang, Rk, Yashima, Xq, Yellin, J, Young, Sj, Yuta, Cc, Zapalac, H, Zdarko, G, Zeitlin, Rw, Zhou, C, Blondel, Alain, Schael, S, Barate, R, Bruneliere, R, Spagnolo, Stefania Antonia, S., Schael, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Canale, Vincenzo, Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, Patricelli, Sergio, Sciacca, Crisostomo, Lista, Luca, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, OPAL, SLD, BARBIELLINI AMIDEI, Guido, Bosisio, Luciano, DELLA RICCA, Giuseppe, Giannini, Gianrossano, Gregorio, Anna, Lanceri, Livio, Poropat, Paolo, Vitale, Lorenzo, Buskulic, D, De Bonis, I, Decamp, D, Ghez, P, Goy, C, Jezequel, S, Lees, J, Lucotte, A, Martin, F, Merle, E, Minard, M, Nief, J, Odier, P, Pietrzyk, B, Trocme, B, Bravo, S, Casado, M, Chmeissani, M, Comas, P, Crespo, J, Fernandez, E, Fernandez Bosman, M, Garrido, L, Grauges, E, Juste, A, Martinez, M, Merino, G, Miquel, R, Mir, L, Orteu, S, Pacheco, A, Park, I, Perlas, J, Riu, I, Ruiz, H, Sanchez, F, Colaleo, A, Creanza, D, De Filippis, N, De Palma, M, Iaselli, G, Maggi, G, Maggi, M, Nuzzo, S, Ranieri, A, Raso, G, Ruggieri, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Tricomi, A, Zito, G, Huang, X, Lin, J, Ouyang, Q, Wang, T, Xie, Y, Xu, R, Xue, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhao, W, Abbaneo, D, Bazarko, A, Becker, U, Boix, G, Bird, F, Blucher, E, Bonvicini, B, Bright Thomas, P, Barklow, T, Buchmuller, O, Cattaneo, M, Cerutti, F, Ciulli, V, Clerbaux, B, Drevermann, H, Forty, R, Frank, M, Greening, T, Hagelberg, R, Halley, A, Gianotti, F, Girone, M, Hansen, J, Harvey, J, Jacobsen, R, Hutchcroft, D, Janot, R, Jost, B, Knobloch, J, Kado, M, Lehraus, I, Lazeyras, P, Maley, R, Mato, P, May, J, Moutussi, A, Pepe Altarelli, M, Ranjard, F, Rolandi, L, Schlatter, D, Schmitt, B, Schneider, O, Tejessy, W, Teubert, F, Tomalin, I, Tournefier, E, Veenhof, R, Valassi, A, Wiedenmann, W, Wright, A, Ajaltouni, Z, Badaud, F, Chazelle, G, Deschamps, O, Dessagne, S, Falvard, A, Ferdi, C, Fayolle, D, Gay, P, Guicheney, C, Henrard, P, Jousset, J, Michel, B, Monteil, S, Montret, J, Pallin, D, Pascolo, J, Perret, P, Podlyski, F, Bertelsen, H, Fernley, T, Hansen, P, Kraan, A, Lindahl, A, Mollerud, R, Nilsson, B, Rensch, B, Waananen, A, Daskalakis, G, Kyriakis, A, Markou, C, Simopoulou, E, Siotis, I, Vayaki, A, Zachariadou, K, Blondel, A, Bonneaud, G, Brient, J, Machefert, E, Rouge, A, Rumpf, M, Swynghedauw, M, Tanaka, R, Verderi, M, Videau, H, Focardi, E, Parrini, G, Corden, M, Georgiopoulos, C, Antonelli, A, Antonelli, M, Bencivenni, G, Bologna, G, Bossi, F, Campana, P, Capon, G, Chiarella, V, Felici, G, Laurelli, P, Mannocchi, G, Murtas, G, Passalacqua, L, Picchi, P, Colrain, P, Ten Have, I, Hughes, I, Kennedy, J, Knowles, I, Lynch, J, Morton, W, Negus, P, O'Shea, V, Raine, C, Reeves, P, Scarr, J, Smith, K, Thompson, A, Turnbull, R, Wasserbaech, S, Cavanaugh, R, Dhamotharan, S, Geweniger, C, Hanke, P, Hansper, G, Hepp, V, Kluge, E, Putzer, A, Sommer, J, Stenzel, H, Tittel, K, Werner, W, Wunsch, M, Beuselinck, R, Binnie, D, Cameron, W, Davies, G, Dornan, P, Goodsir, S, Marinelli, N, Martin, E, Nash, J, Nowell, J, Rutherford, S, Sedgbeer, J, Thompson, J, White, R, Williams, M, Ghete, V, Girtler, P, Kneringer, E, Kuhn, D, Rudolph, G, Bouhova Thacker, E, Bowdery, C, Buck, P, Clarke, D, Ellis, G, Finch, A, Foster, F, Hughes, G, Jones, R, Keemer, N, Pearson, M, Robertson, N, Sloan, T, Smizanska, M, Snow, S, Van Der Aa, O, Delaere, C, Leibenguth, G, Lemaitre, V, Bauerdick, L, Blumenschein, U, Van Gemmeren, P, Giehl, I, Holldorfer, F, Jakobs, K, Kasemann, M, Kayser, F, Kleinknecht, K, Muller, A, Quast, G, Renk, B, Rohne, E, Sander, H, Schmeling, S, Wachsmuth, H, Wanke, R, Zeitnitz, C, Ziegler, T, Aubert, J, Benchouk, C, Bonissent, A, Carr, J, 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Vandalen, Gj, Virtue, Cj, Vokurka, Eh, Vollmer, Cf, Wagner, Dl, Walker, Jp, Ward, Cp, Ward, Dr, Watkins, Pm, Watson, At, Watson, Nk, Whalley, Ma, Wilson, Ja, Wilson, Gw, Winterer, Vh, Wood, Nc, Wyatt, Tr, Zorn, Gt, Allen, Nj, Ash, Ww, Baird, Kg, Band, Hr, Barakat, Mb, Baranko, Gj, Barklow, Tl, Bashindzhagian, Gl, Bauer, Jm, Bazarko, Ao, Benvenuti, Ac, Bilei, Gm, Bower, Gr, Brau, Je, Bugg, Wm, Burnett, Th, Burrows, Pn, Caldwell, Do, Chadwick, Gb, Cohn, Ho, Coller, Ja, Convery, Mr, Cowan, Rf, Coyle, Pa, Coyne, Dg, Damerell, Cj, de Groot, N, de Sangro, R, Dervan, Pj, Dong, Dn, Du, Pyc, Eisenstein, Bi, Fernandez, Jp, Fero, Mj, Friedman, Ji, Garwin, El, Hallewell, Gd, Hart, El, Hitlin, Dg, Huffer, Me, Hughes, Ew, Izen, Jm, Jackson, Dj, Jaros, Ja, Jiang, Zy, Johnson, Jr, Johnson, Ra, Kamyshkov, Ya, Kang, Hj, Kelsey, Mh, Kendall, Hw, Kim, Yd, Krishna, Nm, Labs, Jf, Lauber, Ja, Leith, Dwg, Liu, Mx, Lynch, Hl, Markiewicz, Tw, Mcgowan, Jf, Mckemey, Ak, Meadows, Bt, Mockett, Pm, Moffeit, Kc, 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MCGOWAN, A.K. MCKEMEY, B.T. MEADOWS, R. MESSNER, P.M. MOCKETT, K.C. MOFFEIT, T.B. MOORE, M. MORII, B. MOURS, D. MULLER, G. MUELLER, V. MURZIN, T. NAGAMINE, S. NARITA, U. NAUENBERG, H. NEAL, G. NESOM, M. NUSSBAUM, Y. OHNISHI, N. OISHI, D. ONOPRIENKO, L.S. OSBORNE, R.S. PANVINI, C.H.PARK, H. PARK, T.J. PAVEL, I. PERUZZI, L. PESCARA, M. PICCOLO, L. PIEMONTESE, E. PIERONI, K.T. PITTS, R.J. PLANO, R. PREPOST, C.Y. PRESCOTT, G. PUNKAR, J. QUIGLEY, B.N. RATCLIFF, K. REEVES, T.W. REEVES, J. REIDY, P.L. REINERTSEN, P.E. RENSING, L.S. ROCHESTER, J.E. ROTHBERG, P.C. ROWSON, J.J. RUSSELL, O.H. SAXTON, T. SCHALK, R.H. SCHINDLER, U. SCHNEEKLOTH, B.A. SCHUMM, J. SCHWIENING, A. SEIDEN, S. SEN, V.V. SERBO, L. SERVOLI, M.H. SHAEVITZ, J.T. SHANK, G. SHAPIRO, D.J. SHERDEN, K.D. SHMAKOV, C. SIMOPOULOS, N.B. SINEV, S.R. SMITH, M.B. SMY, J.A. SNYDER, M.D. SOKOLOFF, H. STAENGLE, A. STAHL, P. STAMER, H. STEINER, R. STEINER, M.G. STRAUSS, D. SU, F. SUEKANE, A. SUGIYAMA, A. SUZUKI, S. SUZUKI, M. SWARTZ, A. SZUMILO, T. TAKAHASHI, F.E. TAYLOR, J.J. THALER, J. THOM, E. TORRENCE, A.I. TRANDAFIR, J.D. TURK, T. USHER, J. VA VRA, C. VANNINI, E. VELLA, J.P. VENUTI, R. VERDIER, P.G. VERDINI, D.L. WAGNER, S.R. WAGNER, A.P. WAITE, S. WALSTON, J. WANG, S.J. WATTS, A.W. WEIDEMANN, E.R. WEISS, J.S. WHITAKER, S.L. WHITE, F.J. WICKENS, D.A. WILLIAMS, D.C. WILLIAMS, S.H. WILLIAMS, S. WILLOCQ, R.J. WILSON, W.J. WISNIEWSKI, J.L. WITTLIN, M. WOODS, G.B. WORD, T.R. WRIGHT, J. WYSS, R.K. YAMAMOTO, J.M. YAMARTINO, X.Q. YANG, J. YASHIMA, S.J. YELLIN, C.C.YOUNG, H.YUTA, G. ZAPALAC, R.W. ZDARKO, C. ZEITLIN, J. ZHOU, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRUNEVALD M, NEWALD M, SCHAEL S, BARATE R, BRUNELIE, RE R, BUSKULIC D, DE BONIS I, DECAMP D, GHEZ P, GOY C, JE, ZE, QUEL S, LEES J, LUCOTTE A, MARTIN M, MERLE E, MINARD M, NIEF J, ODIER P, PIETRZYK B, TROCME, BRAVO S, CASADO MP, CHMEISSANI M, COMAS P, CRESPO JM, FERNANDEZ E, FERNANDEZ-BOSMAN M, GARRIDO L, GRAUGES E, JUSTE A, MARTINEZ M, MERINO G, MIQUEL R, MIR LM, ORTEU S, PACHECO A, PARK IC, PERLAS J, RIU I, RUIZ H, SANCHEZ F, COLALEO A, CREANZA D, DE FILIPPIS N, DE PALMA M, IASELLI G, MAGGI G, MAGGI M, NUZZO S, RANIERI, A, RASO, G, RUGGIERI F, SELVAGGI, G, SILVESTRIS L, TEMPESTA P, TRICOMI A, ZITO G, HUANG X, LIN J, OUYANG Q, WANG T, XIE Y, XU R, XUE S, ZHANG J, ZHANG L, ZHAO W, ABBANEO D, BAZARKO A, BECKER U, BOIX G, BIRD F, BLUCHER E, BONVICINI B, BRIGHT-THOMAS P, BARKLOW T, BUCHMU, LLER O, CATTANEO M, CERUTTI F, CIULLI V, CLERBAUX B, DREVERMANN H, FORTY RW, FRANK M, GREENING TC, HAGELBERG R, HALLEY AW, GIANOTTI F, GIRONE M, HANSEN JB, HARVEY J, JACOBSEN J, HUTCHCROFT DE, JANOT P, JOST B, KNOBLOCH J, KADO M, LEHRAUS I, LAZEYRAS P, and MALEY P
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Top quark ,FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRY ,PARTICLE PHYSICS ,LARGE ELECTRON POSITRON COLLIDER ,ALEPH ,DELPHI ,L3 ,OPAL ,General Physics and Astronomy ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,electron-positron physics ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,Electroweak interaction ,Physics ,Quantum chromodynamics ,Electron–positron physics ,Electroweak interactions ,Decays of heavy intermediate gauge bosons ,Fermion–antifermion production ,Precision measurements at the Z resonance ,Tests of the Standard Model ,Radiative corrections ,Effective coupling constants ,Neutral weak current ,Z boson ,W boson ,Higgs boson ,Particle physics - Experiment ,Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale ,FERMION-PAIR PRODUCTION ,HADRONIC-Z-DECAYS ,TOP-QUARK MASS ,ANGLE BHABHA SCATTERING ,W-BOSON MASS ,CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY ,Z-LINE-SHAPE ,SEMILEPTONIC BRANCHING RATIOS ,CARLO EVENT GENERATOR ,decays of heavy intermediate gauge bosons ,effective coupling constants ,electroweak interactions ,fermion-antifermion production ,higgs boson ,neutral weak current ,precision measurements at the z resonance ,radiative corrections ,tests of the standard model ,top quark ,w boson ,z boson ,Radiative correction ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE ,Física nuclear ,Neutrino ,Particle physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,ddc:500.2 ,Elementary particle physics ,LEP ,electroweak ,Decays of heavy intermediate gauge boson ,Effective coupling constant ,Partícules (Física nuclear) ,Standard Model ,electroweak theory, Z boson, DELPHI, ALEPH, OPAL, L3 ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Coupling constant ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Fermion ,FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRY, FERMION-PAIR PRODUCTION, HADRONIC-Z-DECAYS, TOP-QUARK MASS, ANGLE BHABHA SCATTERING, W-BOSON MASS, CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY, Z-LINE-SHAPE, SEMILEPTONIC BRANCHING RATIOS, CARLO EVENT GENERATOR ,[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph] ,Experimental High Energy Physics ,Electron–positron physic ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE - Abstract
We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLD experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, $\MZ$ and $\GZ$, and its couplings to fermions, for example the $\rho$ parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle, are precisely measured. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840+/-0.0082. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model. Electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its Standard Model expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the masses of the top quark and the W Boson are predicted. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model. Using in addition the direct measurements of $\Mt$ and $\MW$, the mass of the as yet unobserved Standard Model Higgs boson is predicted., Comment: 302 pages, v2: minor corrections and updates of references. Accepted for publication by Physics Reports, v3: further small corrections and journal version
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- 2006
25. Plasma decontamination of space equipment using cold atmospheric plasmas
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Thomas, H. M., primary, Shimizu, S., additional, Shimizu, T., additional, Klampfl, T., additional, Zimmermann, J. L., additional, Morfill, G. E., additional, Barczyk, S., additional, Rettberg, P., additional, and Weber, P. K., additional
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- 2012
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26. 184 First clinical application of a prompt gamma based in vivo proton range verification using a knife-edge slit camera
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Richter, C., Pausch, G., Barczyk, S., Priegnitz, M., Keitz, I., Thiele, J., Smeets, J., Vander Stappen, F., Bombelli, L., Fiorini, C., Hotoiu, L., Perali, I., Prieels, D., Enghardt, W., and Baumann, M.
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27. 177 Prompt gamma imaging of passively shaped proton fields with a knife-edge slit camera
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Priegnitz, M., Barczyk, S., Keitz, I., Mein, S., Stappen, F.V., Janssens, G., Hotoiu, L., Smeets, J., Fiedler, F., Prieels, D., Enghardt, W., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
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28. 177 - Prompt gamma imaging of passively shaped proton fields with a knife-edge slit camera.
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Priegnitz, M., Barczyk, S., Keitz, I., Mein, S., Stappen, F.V., Janssens, G., Hotoiu, L., Smeets, J., Fiedler, F., Prieels, D., Enghardt, W., Pausch, G., and Richter, C.
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GAMMA rays , *PROTONS , *CAMERAS , *ELECTROMAGNETIC waves , *IONIZING radiation - Published
- 2016
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29. 184 - First clinical application of a prompt gamma based in vivo proton range verification using a knife-edge slit camera.
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Richter, C., Pausch, G., Barczyk, S., Priegnitz, M., Keitz, I., Thiele, J., Smeets, J., Vander Stappen, F., Bombelli, L., Fiorini, C., Hotoiu, L., Perali, I., Prieels, D., Enghardt, W., and Baumann, M.
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GAMMA rays , *PROTON therapy , *CAMERAS , *ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS , *MEDICAL radiology - Published
- 2016
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30. Stereotactic body radiotherapy of adrenal metastases-A dose-finding study.
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Buergy D, Würschmidt F, Gkika E, Hörner-Rieber J, Knippen S, Gerum S, Balermpas P, Henkenberens C, Voglhuber T, Kornhuber C, Barczyk S, Röper B, Rashid A, Blanck O, Wittig A, Herold HU, Brunner TB, Sweeney RA, Kahl KH, Ciernik IF, Ottinger A, Izaguirre V, Putz F, König L, Hoffmann M, Combs SE, Guckenberger M, and Boda-Heggemann J
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- Humans, Radiotherapy Dosage, Retrospective Studies, Adenocarcinoma radiotherapy, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms radiotherapy, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms secondary, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Neoplasms, Second Primary, Radiosurgery methods
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Optimal doses for the treatment of adrenal metastases with stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) are unknown. We aimed to identify dose-volume cut-points associated with decreased local recurrence rates (LRR). A multicenter database of patients with adrenal metastases of any histology treated with SBRT (biologically effective dose, BED10 ≥50 Gy, ≤12 fractions) was analyzed. Details on dose-volume parameters were required (planning target volume: PTV-D98%, PTV-D50%, PTV-D2%; gross tumor volume: GTV-D50%, GTV-mean). Cut-points for LRR were optimized using the R maxstat package. One hundred and ninety-six patients with 218 lesions were included, the largest histopathological subgroup was adenocarcinoma (n = 101). Cut-point optimization resulted in significant cut-points for PTV-D50% (BED10: 73.2 Gy; P = .003), GTV-D50% (BED10: 74.2 Gy; P = .006), GTV-mean (BED10: 73.0 Gy; P = .007), and PTV-D2% (BED10: 78.0 Gy; P = .02) but not for the PTV-D98% (P = .06). Differences in LRR were clinically relevant (LRR ≥ doubled for cut-points that were not achieved). Further dose-escalation was not associated with further improved LRR. PTV-D50%, GTV-D50%, and GTV-mean cut-points were also associated with significantly improved LRR in the adenocarcinoma subgroup. Separate dose optimizations indicated a lower cut-point for the PTV-D50% (BED10: 69.1 Gy) in adenocarcinoma lesions, other values were similar (<2% difference). Associations of cut-points with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were not significant but durable freedom from local recurrence was associated with OS in a landmark model (P < .001). To achieve a significant improvement of LRR for adrenal SBRT, a moderate escalation of PTV-D50% BED10 >73.2 Gy (adenocarcinoma: 69.1 Gy) should be considered., (© 2022 The Authors. International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC.)
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- 2022
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31. Stereotactic or conformal radiotherapy for adrenal metastases: Patient characteristics and outcomes in a multicenter analysis.
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Buergy D, Würschmidt F, Gkika E, Hörner-Rieber J, Knippen S, Gerum S, Balermpas P, Henkenberens C, Voglhuber T, Kornhuber C, Barczyk S, Röper B, Rashid A, Blanck O, Wittig A, Herold HU, Brunner TB, Klement RJ, Kahl KH, Ciernik IF, Ottinger A, Izaguirre V, Putz F, König L, Hoffmann M, Combs SE, Guckenberger M, and Boda-Heggemann J
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Databases, Factual, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Palliative Care, Radiosurgery, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy, Conformal, Retrospective Studies, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms radiotherapy, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms secondary, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung radiotherapy, Lung Neoplasms radiotherapy, Small Cell Lung Carcinoma radiotherapy
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To report outcome (freedom from local progression [FFLP], overall survival [OS] and toxicity) after stereotactic, palliative or highly conformal fractionated (>12) radiotherapy (SBRT, Pall-RT, 3DCRT/IMRT) for adrenal metastases in a retrospective multicenter cohort within the framework of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO). Adrenal metastases treated with SBRT (≤12 fractions, biologically effective dose [BED10] ≥ 50 Gy), 3DCRT/IMRT (>12 fractions, BED10 ≥ 50 Gy) or Pall-RT (BED10 < 50 Gy) were eligible for this analysis. In addition to unadjusted FFLP (Kaplan-Meier/log-rank), we calculated the competing-risk-adjusted local recurrence rate (CRA-LRR). Three hundred twenty-six patients with 366 metastases were included by 21 centers (median follow-up: 11.7 months). Treatment was SBRT, 3DCRT/IMRT and Pall-RT in 260, 27 and 79 cases, respectively. Most frequent primary tumors were non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 52.5%), SCLC (16.3%) and melanoma (6.7%). Unadjusted FFLP was higher after SBRT vs Pall-RT (P = .026) while numerical differences in CRA-LRR between groups did not reach statistical significance (1-year CRA-LRR: 13.8%, 17.4% and 27.7%). OS was longer after SBRT vs other groups (P < .05) and increased in patients with locally controlled metastases in a landmark analysis (P < .0001). Toxicity was mostly mild; notably, four cases of adrenal insufficiency occurred, two of which were likely caused by immunotherapy or tumor progression. Radiotherapy for adrenal metastases was associated with a mild toxicity profile in all groups and a favorable 1-year CRA-LRR after SBRT or 3DCRT/IMRT. One-year FFLP was associated with longer OS. Dose-response analyses for the dataset are underway., (© 2021 The Authors. International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Union for International Cancer Control.)
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- 2021
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32. Potential proton and photon dose degradation in advanced head and neck cancer patients by intratherapy changes.
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Stützer K, Jakobi A, Bandurska-Luque A, Barczyk S, Arnsmeyer C, Löck S, and Richter C
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- Aged, Female, Head and Neck Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Head and Neck Neoplasms pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Radiometry methods, Radiotherapy Dosage, Head and Neck Neoplasms radiotherapy, Organs at Risk radiation effects, Photons therapeutic use, Proton Therapy, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted methods, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
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Purpose: Evaluation of dose degradation by anatomic changes for head-and-neck cancer (HNC) intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) relative to intensity-modulated photon therapy (IMRT) and identification of potential indicators for IMPT treatment plan adaptation., Methods: For 31 advanced HNC datasets, IMPT and IMRT plans were recalculated on a computed tomography scan (CT) taken after about 4 weeks of therapy. Dose parameter changes were determined for the organs at risk (OARs) spinal cord, brain stem, parotid glands, brachial plexus, and mandible, for the clinical target volume (CTV) and the healthy tissue outside planning target volume (PTV). Correlation of dose degradation with target volume changes and quality of rigid CT matching was investigated., Results: Recalculated IMPT dose distributions showed stronger degradation than the IMRT doses. OAR analysis revealed significant changes in parotid median dose (IMPT) and near maximum dose (D
1ml ) of spinal cord (IMPT, IMRT) and mandible (IMPT). OAR dose parameters remained lower in IMPT cases. CTV coverage (V95% ) and overdose (V107% ) deteriorated for IMPT plans to (93.4 ± 5.4)% and (10.6 ± 12.5)%, while those for IMRT plans remained acceptable. Recalculated plans showed similarly decreased PTV conformity, but considerable hotspots, also outside the PTV, emerged in IMPT cases. Lower CT matching quality was significantly correlated with loss of PTV conformity (IMPT, IMRT), CTV homogeneity and coverage (IMPT). Target shrinkage correlated with increased dose in brachial plexus (IMRT, IMPT), hotspot generation outside the PTV (IMPT) and lower PTV conformity (IMRT)., Conclusions: The study underlines the necessity of precise positioning and monitoring of anatomy changes, especially in IMPT which might require adaptation more often. Since OAR doses remained typically below constraints, IMPT plan adaptation will be indicated by target dose degradations., (© 2017 The Authors. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine.)- Published
- 2017
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33. Microbial biodiversity assessment of the European Space Agency's ExoMars 2016 mission.
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Koskinen K, Rettberg P, Pukall R, Auerbach A, Wink L, Barczyk S, Perras A, Mahnert A, Margheritis D, Kminek G, and Moissl-Eichinger C
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- Archaea classification, Archaea genetics, Archaea isolation & purification, Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria growth & development, Equipment Contamination, Europe, Exobiology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Italy, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transcriptome, Bacteria isolation & purification, Biodiversity, Environment, Controlled, Microbiota, Space Flight, Spacecraft
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Background: The ExoMars 2016 mission, consisting of the Trace Gas Orbiter and the Schiaparelli lander, was launched on March 14 2016 from Baikonur, Kazakhstan and reached its destination in October 2016. The Schiaparelli lander was subject to strict requirements for microbial cleanliness according to the obligatory planetary protection policy. To reach the required cleanliness, the ExoMars 2016 flight hardware was assembled in a newly built, biocontrolled cleanroom complex at Thales Alenia Space in Turin, Italy. In this study, we performed microbiological surveys of the cleanroom facilities and the spacecraft hardware before and during the assembly, integration and testing (AIT) activities., Methods: Besides the European Space Agency (ESA) standard bioburden assay, that served as a proxy for the microbiological contamination in general, we performed various alternative cultivation assays and utilised molecular techniques, including quantitative PCR and next generation sequencing, to assess the absolute and relative abundance and broadest diversity of microorganisms and their signatures in the cleanroom and on the spacecraft hardware., Results: Our results show that the bioburden, detected microbial contamination and microbial diversity decreased continuously after the cleanroom was decontaminated with more effective cleaning agents and during the ongoing AIT. The studied cleanrooms and change room were occupied by very distinct microbial communities: Overall, the change room harboured a higher number and diversity of microorganisms, including Propionibacterium, which was found to be significantly increased in the change room. In particular, the so called alternative cultivation assays proved important in detecting a broader cultivable diversity than covered by the standard bioburden assay and thus completed the picture on the cleanroom microbiota., Conclusion: During the whole project, the bioburden stayed at acceptable level and did not raise any concern for the ExoMars 2016 mission. The cleanroom complex at Thales Alenia Space in Turin is an excellent example of how efficient microbiological control is performed.
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- 2017
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34. Preparing for the crewed Mars journey: microbiota dynamics in the confined Mars500 habitat during simulated Mars flight and landing.
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Schwendner P, Mahnert A, Koskinen K, Moissl-Eichinger C, Barczyk S, Wirth R, Berg G, and Rettberg P
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- Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria isolation & purification, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Confined Spaces, Ecological Systems, Closed, Mars, Microbiota genetics, Microbiota physiology, Space Flight, Space Simulation, Spacecraft
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Background: The Mars500 project was conceived as the first full duration simulation of a crewed return flight to Mars. For 520 days, six crew members lived confined in a specifically designed spacecraft mock-up. The herein described "MIcrobial ecology of Confined Habitats and humAn health" (MICHA) experiment was implemented to acquire comprehensive microbiota data from this unique, confined manned habitat, to retrieve important information on the occurring microbiota dynamics, the microbial load and diversity in the air and on various surfaces. In total, 360 samples from 20 (9 air, 11 surface) locations were taken at 18 time-points and processed by extensive cultivation, PhyloChip and next generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA gene amplicons., Results: Cultivation assays revealed a Staphylococcus and Bacillus-dominated microbial community on various surfaces, with an average microbial load that did not exceed the allowed limits for ISS in-flight requirements indicating adequate maintenance of the facility. Areas with high human activity were identified as hotspots for microbial accumulation. Despite substantial fluctuation with respect to microbial diversity and abundance throughout the experiment, the location within the facility and the confinement duration were identified as factors significantly shaping the microbial diversity and composition, with the crew representing the main source for microbial dispersal. Opportunistic pathogens, stress-tolerant or potentially mobile element-bearing microorganisms were predicted to be prevalent throughout the confinement, while the overall microbial diversity dropped significantly over time., Conclusions: Our findings clearly indicate that under confined conditions, the community structure remains a highly dynamic system which adapts to the prevailing habitat and micro-conditions. Since a sterile environment is not achievable, these dynamics need to be monitored to avoid spreading of highly resistant or potentially pathogenic microorganisms and a potentially harmful decrease of microbial diversity. If necessary, countermeasures are required, to maintain a healthy, diverse balance of beneficial, neutral and opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms. Our results serve as an important data collection for (i) future risk estimations of crewed space flight, (ii) an optimized design and planning of a spacecraft mission and (iii) for the selection of appropriate microbial monitoring approaches and potential countermeasures, to ensure a microbiologically safe space-flight environment.
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- 2017
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35. Evaluation of a deformable registration algorithm for subsequent lung computed tomography imaging during radiochemotherapy.
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Stützer K, Haase R, Lohaus F, Barczyk S, Exner F, Löck S, Rühaak J, Lassen-Schmidt B, Corr D, and Richter C
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- Female, Humans, Lung drug effects, Lung radiation effects, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy, Lung Neoplasms radiotherapy, Male, Time Factors, Algorithms, Chemoradiotherapy, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Lung diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Purpose: Rating both a lung segmentation algorithm and a deformable image registration (DIR) algorithm for subsequent lung computed tomography (CT) images by different evaluation techniques. Furthermore, investigating the relative performance and the correlation of the different evaluation techniques to address their potential value in a clinical setting., Methods: Two to seven subsequent CT images (69 in total) of 15 lung cancer patients were acquired prior, during, and after radiochemotherapy. Automated lung segmentations were compared to manually adapted contours. DIR between the first and all following CT images was performed with a fast algorithm specialized for lung tissue registration, requiring the lung segmentation as input. DIR results were evaluated based on landmark distances, lung contour metrics, and vector field inconsistencies in different subvolumes defined by eroding the lung contour. Correlations between the results from the three methods were evaluated., Results: Automated lung contour segmentation was satisfactory in 18 cases (26%), failed in 6 cases (9%), and required manual correction in 45 cases (66%). Initial and corrected contours had large overlap but showed strong local deviations. Landmark-based DIR evaluation revealed high accuracy compared to CT resolution with an average error of 2.9 mm. Contour metrics of deformed contours were largely satisfactory. The median vector length of inconsistency vector fields was 0.9 mm in the lung volume and slightly smaller for the eroded volumes. There was no clear correlation between the three evaluation approaches., Conclusions: Automatic lung segmentation remains challenging but can assist the manual delineation process. Proven by three techniques, the inspected DIR algorithm delivers reliable results for the lung CT data sets acquired at different time points. Clinical application of DIR demands a fast DIR evaluation to identify unacceptable results, for instance, by combining different automated DIR evaluation methods.
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- 2016
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36. Challenges in radiobiological modeling: can we decide between LQ and LQ-L models based on reviewed clinical NSCLC treatment outcome data?
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Santiago A, Barczyk S, Jelen U, Engenhart-Cabillic R, and Wittig A
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dose Fractionation, Radiation, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Humans, Linear Models, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Photons therapeutic use, Radiobiology, Radiometry, Radiosurgery methods, Treatment Outcome, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung radiotherapy, Lung Neoplasms radiotherapy, Radiotherapy methods
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Aim: To study the dose-response of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in terms of long-term local tumor control (LC) after conventional and hypofractionated photon radiotherapy, modeled with the linear-quadratic (LQ) and linear-quadratic-linear (LQ-L) approaches and to estimate the clinical α/β ratio within the LQ frame., Material and Methods: We identified studies of curative radiotherapy as single treatment through MedLine search reporting 3-year LC as primary outcome of interest. Logistic models coupled with the biologically effective dose (BED) at isocenter and PTV edge according to both the LQ and LQ-L models with α/β = 10 Gy were fitted. Additionally, α/β was estimated from direct LQ fits., Results: Thirty one studies were included reporting outcome of 2319 patients. The LQ-L fit yielded a significant value of 11.0 ± 5.2 Gy for the dose threshold (Dt) for BED10 at the isocenter. The LQ and LQ-L fits did not differ substantially. Concerning the estimation of α/β, the value obtained from the direct LQ fit for the complete fractionation range was 3.9 [68 % CI: 2.2-9.0] Gy (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: Both LQ and LQ-L fits can model local tumor control after conventionally and hypofractionated irradiation and are robust methods for predicting clinical effects. The observed dose-effect for local control in NSCLC is weaker at high doses due to data dispersion. For BED10 values of 100-150 Gy in ≥3 fractions, the differences in isoeffects predicted by both models can be neglected.
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- 2016
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37. First clinical application of a prompt gamma based in vivo proton range verification system.
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Richter C, Pausch G, Barczyk S, Priegnitz M, Keitz I, Thiele J, Smeets J, Stappen FV, Bombelli L, Fiorini C, Hotoiu L, Perali I, Prieels D, Enghardt W, and Baumann M
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- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic diagnostic imaging, Head and Neck Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic radiotherapy, Gamma Rays therapeutic use, Head and Neck Neoplasms radiotherapy, Proton Therapy methods
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Background and Purpose: To improve precision of particle therapy, in vivo range verification is highly desirable. Methods based on prompt gamma rays emitted during treatment seem promising but have not yet been applied clinically. Here we report on the worldwide first clinical application of prompt gamma imaging (PGI) based range verification., Material and Methods: A prototype of a knife-edge shaped slit camera was used to measure the prompt gamma ray depth distribution during a proton treatment of a head and neck tumor for seven consecutive fractions. Inter-fractional variations of the prompt gamma profile were evaluated. For three fractions, in-room control CTs were acquired and evaluated for dose relevant changes., Results: The measurement of PGI profiles during proton treatment was successful. Based on the PGI information, inter-fractional global range variations were in the range of ±2 mm for all evaluated fractions. This is in agreement with the control CT evaluation showing negligible range variations of about 1.5mm., Conclusions: For the first time, range verification based on prompt gamma imaging was applied for a clinical proton treatment. With the translation from basic physics experiments into clinical operation, the potential to improve the precision of particle therapy with this technique has increased considerably., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2016
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38. Quo vadis? Microbial profiling revealed strong effects of cleanroom maintenance and routes of contamination in indoor environments.
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Moissl-Eichinger C, Auerbach AK, Probst AJ, Mahnert A, Tom L, Piceno Y, Andersen GL, Venkateswaran K, Rettberg P, Barczyk S, Pukall R, and Berg G
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- Archaea classification, Archaea genetics, Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Biodiversity, Cluster Analysis, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Metagenome, Metagenomics methods, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Air Microbiology, Air Pollution, Indoor, Environment, Controlled
- Abstract
Space agencies maintain highly controlled cleanrooms to ensure the demands of planetary protection. To study potential effects of microbiome control, we analyzed microbial communities in two particulate-controlled cleanrooms (ISO 5 and ISO 8) and two vicinal uncontrolled areas (office, changing room) by cultivation and 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis (cloning, pyrotagsequencing, and PhyloChip G3 analysis). Maintenance procedures affected the microbiome on total abundance and microbial community structure concerning richness, diversity and relative abundance of certain taxa. Cleanroom areas were found to be mainly predominated by potentially human-associated bacteria; archaeal signatures were detected in every area. Results indicate that microorganisms were mainly spread from the changing room (68%) into the cleanrooms, potentially carried along with human activity. The numbers of colony forming units were reduced by up to ~400 fold from the uncontrolled areas towards the ISO 5 cleanroom, accompanied with a reduction of the living portion of microorganisms from 45% (changing area) to 1% of total 16S rRNA gene signatures as revealed via propidium monoazide treatment of the samples. Our results demonstrate the strong effects of cleanroom maintenance on microbial communities in indoor environments and can be used to improve the design and operation of biologically controlled cleanrooms.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Lessons learned from the microbial analysis of the Herschel spacecraft during assembly, integration, and test operations.
- Author
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Moissl-Eichinger C, Pukall R, Probst AJ, Stieglmeier M, Schwendner P, Mora M, Barczyk S, Bohmeier M, and Rettberg P
- Subjects
- Biodiversity, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Microbiota, Spacecraft
- Abstract
Understanding microbial diversity in spacecraft assembly clean rooms is of major interest with respect to planetary protection considerations. A coordinated screening of different clean rooms in Europe and South America by three German institutes [Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ), and the Institute of Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg] took place during the assembly, test, and launch operations of the Herschel spacecraft in 2006-2009. Through this campaign, we retrieved critical information regarding the microbiome within these clean rooms and on the Herschel spacecraft, which served as a model for upcoming ESA mission preparations. This "lessons learned" document summarizes and discusses the data we obtained during this sampling campaign. Additionally, we have taken the opportunity to create a database that includes all 16S rRNA gene sequences ever retrieved from molecular and cultivable diversity studies of spacecraft assembly clean rooms to compare the microbiomes of US, European, and South American facilities.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Insights into the microbial diversity and bioburden in a South American spacecraft assembly clean room.
- Author
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Schwendner P, Moissl-Eichinger C, Barczyk S, Bohmeier M, Pukall R, and Rettberg P
- Subjects
- Base Sequence, DNA Primers, Polymerase Chain Reaction, South America, Biodiversity, Microbiota, Spacecraft
- Abstract
In this study, samples from the spacecraft assembly clean room BAF (final assembly building), located at Centre Spatial Guyanais in Kourou, French Guiana, were characterized by qualitative and quantitative methods to determine the bioburden and biodiversity. The cultivation assays mainly focused on extremotolerant microorganisms that have special metabolic skills, such as the ability to grow without oxygen, fix nitrogen, grow autotrophically, or reduce sulfate. A broad range of media and growth conditions were used to simulate possible extraterrestrial environments and clean room buildings. In addition to these alternative cultivation assays, the ESA standard protocol for bioburden estimation was also applied. The phylogenetic analysis of the isolates (mainly facultative anaerobes) showed an extraordinarily broad cultivable biodiversity. Overall, 49 species were isolated and identified as members of the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, α-, β-, γ-Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi. In addition to cultivation-based analyses, molecular techniques were also applied, including construction of a 16S rRNA gene clone library. The results indicate a wide-ranging microbial diversity (12 bacterial phyla, 34 families) that not only confirms the results of the cultivation efforts but also deepens our understanding of the noncultivable variety. Our investigations hint at a very broad, mainly uncultivated microbial diversity.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Abundance and diversity of microbial inhabitants in European spacecraft-associated clean rooms.
- Author
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Stieglmeier M, Rettberg P, Barczyk S, Bohmeier M, Pukall R, Wirth R, and Moissl-Eichinger C
- Subjects
- Bacteria classification, Bacteria isolation & purification, Biodiversity, Colony Count, Microbial, Environmental Microbiology, Europe, Genes, rRNA, Humans, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S analysis, Bacteria genetics, Environment, Controlled, Equipment Contamination, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Spacecraft standards
- Abstract
The determination of the microbial load of a spacecraft en route to interesting extraterrestrial environments is mandatory and currently based on the culturable, heat-shock-surviving portion of microbial contaminants. Our study compared these classical bioburden measurements as required by NASA's and ESA's guidelines for the microbial examination of flight hardware, with molecular analysis methods (16S rRNA gene cloning and quantitative PCR) to further develop our understanding of the diversity and abundance of the microbial communities of spacecraft-associated clean rooms. Three samplings of the Herschel Space Observatory and its surrounding clean rooms were performed in two different European facilities. Molecular analyses detected a broad diversity of microbes typically found in the human microbiome with three bacterial genera (Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium, and Brevundimonas) common to all three locations. Bioburden measurements revealed a low, but heterogeneous, abundance of spore-forming and other heat-resistant microorganisms. Total cell numbers estimated by quantitative real-time PCR were typically 3 orders of magnitude greater than those determined by viable counts, which indicates a tendency for traditional methods to underestimate the extent of clean room bioburden. Furthermore, the molecular methods allowed the detection of a much broader diversity than traditional culture-based methods.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. EXPOSE-E: an ESA astrobiology mission 1.5 years in space.
- Author
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Rabbow E, Rettberg P, Barczyk S, Bohmeier M, Parpart A, Panitz C, Horneck G, von Heise-Rotenburg R, Hoppenbrouwers T, Willnecker R, Baglioni P, Demets R, Dettmann J, and Reitz G
- Subjects
- Cosmic Radiation, Earth, Planet, Equipment Design, Ultraviolet Rays, Exobiology, Facility Design and Construction, Space Flight
- Abstract
The multi-user facility EXPOSE-E was designed by the European Space Agency to enable astrobiology research in space (low-Earth orbit). On 7 February 2008, EXPOSE-E was carried to the International Space Station (ISS) on the European Technology Exposure Facility (EuTEF) platform in the cargo bay of Space Shuttle STS-122 Atlantis. The facility was installed at the starboard cone of the Columbus module by extravehicular activity, where it remained in space for 1.5 years. EXPOSE-E was returned to Earth with STS-128 Discovery on 12 September 2009 for subsequent sample analysis. EXPOSE-E provided accommodation in three exposure trays for a variety of astrobiological test samples that were exposed to selected space conditions: either to space vacuum, solar electromagnetic radiation at >110 nm and cosmic radiation (trays 1 and 3) or to simulated martian surface conditions (tray 2). Data on UV radiation, cosmic radiation, and temperature were measured every 10 s and downlinked by telemetry. A parallel mission ground reference (MGR) experiment was performed on ground with a parallel set of hardware and samples under simulated space conditions. EXPOSE-E performed a successful 1.5-year mission in space.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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