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The April 2021 explosive eruption of La Soufriere St Vincent generated a bulk volume of approximately 1.2 x 108 m3 of tephra, indicating that this was a low VEI 4 event. The explosive phase lasted two weeks and, after an initial explosion on the morning of 9th April, became semi continuous for ~48 hours, comprising numerous closely spaced explosions with eruption columns ~ 15km high. Later explosions became more Vulcanian-like with lengthening time gaps between events.Evidence indicates that the first Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) to travel out of the crater did not occur until ~30 hrs after the onset of explosive activity, associated with Unit 3, late on 10th April and we propose this is related to vent widening, following destruction of lava domes during the initial explosive activity (Unit 1). PDC deposits extended to the sea in two valleys; the Lariaki and Roseau valleys draining the lowest part of the crater rim, 3.2 and 4.2km from the Summit crater rim respectively. To the south and southeast, dense PDCs reached 2.8 km and 1.2 km respectively. Dilute and dense deposits comprise several units interbedded with fallout layers (at least Unit 3, 4 and 5), indicating PDCs were formed by column collapse associated with several explosions. Despite only occurring in fallout layers, ash aggregates formed during the explosive activity appear to be associated with PDC generation. Although several types of aggregate were formed, the proportions of types change with time through the sequence, indicating style of PDC generation controlled aggregate formation., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

El capítulo se enfoca en la importancia de abordar la prevención de desastres desde una perspectiva educativa y cultural. Se argumenta que a través de la complementariedad entre espacios digitales y museales se puede ampliar el contenido y diversificar las experiencias educativas. Presentamos varias intervenciones interdisciplinarias que se han desarrollado a través de metodologías participativas, e implementado en museos y colegios públicos de Quito, con el fin de generar conciencia en la población sobre las causas raíz del riesgo de desastre. Estas intervenciones se complementan con visitas guiadas a museos, talleres en el aula y la coproducción de herramientas digitales para profundizar en el conocimiento sobre la DRR (Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres).En estos casos, la virtualidad permitió realizar talleres y reuniones en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19 y entrelazar exhibiciones temporales con una plataforma interactiva web. Se destaca la importancia de entender y comunicar el riesgo de desastres desde la conversación de diferentes disciplinas, donde la historia pública es el espacio de convergencia y el instrumento de comunicación a públicos diversos. De esta manera, se puede fomentar una comprensión más completa del tema y promover la construcción de una cultura de prevención adaptada al contexto local. The chapter focuses on the importance of approaching disaster prevention from an educational and cultural perspective. It argues that through the complementarity between digital and museum spaces, it is possible to broaden the content and diversify educational experiences. We present several interdisciplinary interventions that have been developed through participatory methodologies, and implemented in museums and public schools in Quito, in order to raise awareness among the population about the root causes of disaster risk. These interventions are complemented by guided visits to museums, classroom workshops and the co-production of digital tools to deepen knowledge about DRR (Disaster Risk Reduction), in these cases, virtuality allowed for workshops and meetings in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the interweaving of temporary exhibitions with an interactive web platform. It highlights the importance of understanding and communicating disaster risk from the conversation of different disciplines, where public history is the space of convergence and the instrument of communication to diverse audiences. In this way, a more complete understanding of the subject can be fostered and the construction of a culture of prevention tailored to the local context can be promoted. Primera edición.

Historical studies are heavily impacted by whose stories are told, who writes them, and how much local perspectives are included. This is true in volcanology as well, where analysis of historical sources and data related to eruptions may be impacted by the perspective and lived experience of the authors. As such, it is important to understand where the authors of volcanological studies are from and what perspectives they have. We used bibliometric methods to assess the way in which local researchers are included in volcanological publications by comparing the affiliation of authors with the country in which researched volcanoes are located. Globally, 40% of articles about a specific volcano do not include an author whose affiliation is based in the country where the volcano is located (a locally domiciled author), while 56% are led by authors not based in the country of the volcano. Over the past three decades, first authorship rates among local researchers have not increased. However, local researchers have become more frequently included as co-authors in research led by researchers domiciled elsewhere. The results of these analyses suggest that there is room for improvement in inclusivity in volcanological research and cause for reflection on how we collaborate with international partners. Improved collaboration and inclusion in publishing could result in better consideration of local knowledge and perspectives when analyzing historical information related to volcanic eruptions., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Los profundos cambios en la interacción social, en los postulados y límites de la acción estatal, en la distribución de las riquezas y pobrezas, y, en general, en la experiencia de la cotidianidad producidos desde 2020 por la pandemia del COVID-19 hacen necesarias reflexiones interdisciplinarias y lecturas comparadas para entender lo que estamos viviendo y arriesgar ideas sobre el porvenir. Este momento histórico nos ubica en un punto de observación privilegiado para evaluar y proyectar nuevos modos de organización y comunicación colectiva que, entre otras cosas, implican diferentes formas de relacionarnos con los pasados, con el valor que les atribuimos, con la forma como los conservamos y exhibimos, con los usos que les damos y, en general, con el tipo de relaciones que componemos a partir de ellos. En este contexto, diversas prácticas disciplinares han adoptado enfoques, metodologías y modos de codificación novedosos para mantenerse al tanto de lo que dichos cambios implican. Las humanidades digitales atraviesan un momento de auge y, consecuentemente, sus objetos de reflexión, fuentes de consulta y modos de transmitir conclusiones proponen nuevos horizontes de trabajo. Por otra parte, cada vez son más los museos latinoamericanos que han desarrollado iniciativas, programas y enfoques dedicados a promover la relectura de sus colecciones y la participación e inclusión de sujetos, públicos y audiencias. Finalmente, la historia pública poco a poco ha encontrado un momento de consolidación a través de la explosión de un sinfín de proyectos creativos que retan las formas tradicionales de apropiación del pasado.

Citizen science involves volunteers, regardless of scientific background, in conducting scientific investigations. Although the extent of citizen involvement varies, the reported benefits of such activities include: the generation of new knowledge; increased public understanding of and confidence in science, and ‘real-time’ insights into rapidly evolving events such as natural hazards. In volcanic environments, involving citizens at risk in participatory monitoring activities also has the potential to encourage and to inform risk-reducing actions. A global survey of volcano monitoring institutions (VMIs) found that around two-thirds of those that responded had engaged in citizen science initiatives. The majority of initiatives involved direct observation of eruptions or impacts. VMIs that had engaged in citizen science reported that it had improved participants’ scientific knowledge and enhanced the relationship between the VMI and local citizens. A few had involved citizens in further data gathering or in data analysis and reported additional risk reduction benefits.