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The present work was aimed to study the relation between the tapeworm Khawia armeniaca infection and some metabolic extents in both the parasitic tapeworm and the parasitized fish Barbus grypus, using LDH and transaminase activities as a vital connotation. 57 adult Barbus grypus fish (Hekle fish) were hunted from Tigris river - Rashidiya area -North of Mosul - Iraq. The adult tapeworm K. armeniaca were collected from small intestine of the fish. Extract of Liver and intestinal tissues of the infected and uninfected fish in addition to tapeworm tissues were prepared. Some macromolecules concentrations and LD, AST and ALT activities were assayed using colorimetric methods.The results revealed that concentration of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids were lesser significantly at P≤0.05 in the intestinal tissues of infected fish 176.92µg/gm wet weight, 147.21µg/gm wet weight and 112.14 mg/dl respectively than that of uninfected fish 264.70µg/gm wet weight, 223.71µg/gm wet weight and 176.37 mg/dl respectively. Concentration of lipids in the tapeworm tissues was relatively high 130.67mg/dl. As for Liver LDH activity, it was significantly higher in the infected fish 279.90 IU/L than that of the uninfected fish 253.56 IU/L. whereas, liver ALT activity was diminished significantly at P≤0.05 in the liver of uninfected fish. On the other hands, there were no significant different in liver AST activity between the infected and the uninfected fish. There were significant differences at P≤0.05 between activities of the three enzymes in both infected and uninfected fish and tapeworm tissues. On the other hands, AST activity 35.46 IU/L was relatively higher than ALT activity 27.22 IU/L in tapeworm tissues. It is concluded that activitiesofliver LDH and ALT were significantly affected by intestinal tapeworm infection in Hekle fish and may considered as bioindicators for tapeworm infection in fish.

It is important that the methods and materials used for to lengthen the shelf-life of food are simple, inexpensive and safe. For these reasons, herbal additives like cumin oil (Nigella sativa L.) have been preferred recently. Thus, the present study focuses on the influence of black cumin oil on chemical, microbiological and sensory quality of fish (Barbus grypus) fillets during storage at 2 ± 1 °C. Acceptability scores for sensory quality of all described treatment groups decreased with storage time. Defined limits for mesophilic bacteria and Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) were reached after 21st days for the control group, after 24th days for with 0.2% black cumin oil treated group and after 28th days for with 0.4% and 0.6% black cumin oil treated groups. No difference was found among groups during storage in terms of defined thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values. Consequently, it was found that black cumin oil treated groups had longer shelf-life and higher sensory quality than the untreated control group.

Barbus grypus is native fishes in Khuzestan province which its species with a wide distribution in the rivers that considered fisheries research in province. The fish have no stomach, space of intestine is narrow to store of food, for this reason anterior intestine dilated bowel and called intestinal bulb. Study of histological structure of intestinal bulb in fishes can help to nutrition and food needs so that we can extend of this species. In this study, 10 adults Barbus grypus of both sexes with average weigh 354.25 ± 60.52 g and average length 36.25 ±4.16 cm was chosen, and after easy drawing, samples were removed from intestinal bulb. The 0.5cm were fixed by Bouin´s fixative soluble and 5-6µ thickness sections were made by paraffin embedding method and were stained by H&E and PAS. The histomorphometrical studies were done using digital Dino-Lite lens and Dino-capture1 software. The results showed that the number of goblet cells in the intestine increased toward the end of the intestinal bulb. The intestinal epithelium height in the anterior part of the intestinal bulb was higher than other parts. Muscular thickness was different in different parts of the intestinal bulb; the middle part of intestinal bulb has thickest muscle between other parts of intestinal bulb. The results of this research indicate that there is some analog histological structure of the intestinal bulb in Barbus grypus to compare of other same family: from wall diameter and intestinal epithelium height and diameter of mucosa.

Azadegan aquaculture site is located 25 km south of Ahvaz in southern of Khuzestan plain. Primary study of Azadegan aquaculture site was done in 1992 with the aim of developing feasibility of warm water aquaculture and the second phase was done in 1996-1998 by Mohandesin Moshaver Pandam. Now, cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella), Barbus grypus) and Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi rear in this site. Considering special traits of Indian carps such as different level of production in earth pool, diet diversity, and more favorability for consumers, possibility of alternation with common carps, adaptability, growth and maturity in Khuzestan climate, this species can increase the efficiency of Khuzestan aquaculture industry as one of the poles of production in country. In this study the environmental impact assessment of the region was done because of the importance of Shadegan wetland as receiving waste area. Leopold matrix was used for assessment and quantifying environmental impacts of India carp aquaculture. Identification and prediction of effects were done based on the matrix. In using phase, 101 effects were identified which 34 were negative and 67 were positive. 18.8 percentage of effects were physic-chemical, 25.7% was biologic and ecologic and 55.5% was in socio-economic environment. In the operation phase, from all of the anticipated effects in physic-chemical environment 5 effects were positive and 14 effects were negative and in ecologic-biologic environment 17 effects were negative and 9 effects were positive. In socio-economic environment from 56 effects 3 were negative and 53 were positive. In order to summarizing the scores in environmental impact assessment matrix, final scores concluded from weighted scores of different environments including physic- chemical, ecological-biological and socio- economic environments. These scores showed that physical activities will have negative effects due to sewage production and negative effect on water resources. However, because of positive effects in socio-economic and ecologic environments, the final score in +83 that shows general result will be positive especially in economic and social environment. Due to the positive effects of the project on the economic and social conditions such as improving living conditions, creating job opportunities due to culturing this species and changing patterns of employment, increasing income levels at local, provincial and even national scale, increasing the price of land, supporting lateral and related industries, including hatcheries, fish-producing industries, manufacturing and processing industries and conversion, marketing and export, as well as the pharmaceutical industry (veterinary drugs), education development of specialized human resources and its role in the development of aquaculture projects in compliance with the recommendations of management and control is permitted.

At this study, kidneys of 10 normal fishes have been studied macroscopic and microscopically. The kidneys were collected by autopsy and tissue samples were sectioned by routine paraffin embedding and stained by H&E and PAS. Macroscopic observation showed that the kidney in Barbus grypus situated in the ventral region of vertebral column. The kidney could be divided into; head, body and tail portions according to their relative position. Microscopic studies showed that the kidneys consisted of excretory portion and hematopoietic-lymphoid tissues. Anterior portion of kidney (head) had more Hematopoietic lymphoid tissues than the posterior portion (body and tail). Hematopoietic-lymphoid tissue consisted of cells which were found in different stages of development to blood cells. Excretory portion of kidney parenchyma consisted of renal corpuscle and urinary tubules. In microscopic section of glomerulus, endothelial and mesangial cells and nucleated red blood cells were seen. The number of renal corpuscles in the posterior portion of kidney was more than the anterior portion significantly, while there was no significant difference between the average diameter of renal corpuscles in the head, body and tail portions of kidney. Urinary tubules consisted of neck segment, proximal tubule (first and second portion), intermediate segment and distal segment. The collecting ducts were situated after the distal segments. No significant difference was observed in the measured parameters between the males and females fishes in this study. Based on the results of this study, the kidney of Barbus grypus is very similar to other species of the family Cyprinidae, histologically and anatomically.

This study evaluated the impact of dietary supplementation bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus bulgaricus isolated from the intestine of Barbus grypus on growth performance, survival and intestinal flora of common carp. For this purpose 480 common carp (average initial weight of 40 ± 6g) were randomly divided to 4 treatments (with three replications) and fed with diet containing 5×107 CFU/g L.plantarum (Group 1), L.bulgaricus (Group 2), Lactobacillus casei (Group3) and a diet without probiotic supplementation (As control group) for 60 days. To evaluate the persistent of the bacteria in digestive system, from the 60 th day to75 th day, experimental fish were fed with diet without probiotics (control). Results showed that Specific growth rate of fish fed diets containing Lactobacillus significantly higher compared with control group (p

Biomass estimation of fishes were done by depletion method in Shadegan Wetland in 2011-12. Fishing effort and landing catch amount per unit effort was done via random oversea in fixed landing area monthly. Fishermen and catch statistics were obtained from census. Total catch was calculated from multiplication of effort and average catch. Fishes biological characteristics survey indicated that Golden barb (Barbus luteus) and Berzem (Barbus pectoralis) has maximum (62 kg/ha) and minimum (4 kg/ha) biomass respectively. Maximum and Minimum biomass was in spring (380 kg/ha) and in winter (58 kg/ha) respectively and mean biomass was estimated 249 kg/ha in whole area during one year. Number of fishermen were about 1317 and maximum fishing effort was in April, May and June. Total fish landing was 4300 tons per year in which 1119 tons was calculated in April. Large scaled barb (Barbus grypus) and Abu mullet (liza abu) had maximum and minimum mean length and weight. The range length of most of fishes was low and their spawning season was in winter and spring. Length- weight relationship indicates their isometric growth. Despite of 45% decrease of number of fisherman to previous time (2008), catch effort and exploitation was increased (20%). Regarding fish living area (70000 ha), total biomass was 17430 tons.

To our knowledge, no previous anaesthetic experiments are conducted on shabbout fish. The results from the present study indicated that the induction times decreased significantly as the doses increased in all the anaesthetics (p

Bu çalışmada, Karakaya Baraj Gölü’nden elde edilen Barbus grypus türünde toplam balık boyu ile otolit biyometrisi arasındaki ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla 88 adet balık örneğinin toplam boyu ile sağ ve sol otolitlerinin boyu, genişliği ve ağırlığı ölçülmüştür. Sağ ve sol otolit ölçümleri arasında fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmadığı için bu çalışmada sadece sağ otolitler kullanılmıştır. Balıkların toplam boyları 388-862 mm, otolit boyları 2,32-3,96 mm, otolit genişlikleri 1,53-2,81 mm ve otolit ağırlıkları ise 4,50-13,70 mg arasında belirlenmiştir. Toplam balık boyu-otolit biyometrisi arasında pozitif yönde yüksek düzeyde bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

WOS: 000362099600001 The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of seminal plasma properties (Ca2+, Na+, K+ and Mg2+, glucose, urea, triglyceride, total protein concentrations, pH and osmolality) on progressive sperm motility percentage and duration in Barbus grypus. Osmolality (mOsmol/kg) ranged from 81-263, while ionic contents (mM) varied between 20-79 Na+, 1.2-58.4 K+, 0.50-1.05 Ca2+, and 0.51-1.44 Mg2+ respectively. Spermatozoa density was 15.12 +/- 1.11 x10(9)/mL, semen volume 3.87 +/- 0.41 mL while total protein, urea triglyceride and glucose were 0.60 +/- 0.17 mg/mL, 4.08 +/- 0.08 mg/dL, 8.42 +/- 0.62 mg/dL, 5.17 +/- 0.11 mg/dL respectively. The data obtained allows comparison of variations in semen parameters and enables us to determine how these parameters relate to motility characteristics. The groups formed by hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) based on the semen properties corresponded to sperm motility characteristics. According to principal component analysis (PCA) results, osmolality, protein concentration, Na+ and K+ were strongly correlated with motility characteristics and were responsible for total variation in data compared to other parameters. Multivariate statistical methods as well as ionic ratios were used to analyze the data.

WOS: 000336891000004 Evaluation of sperm quality is important in order to understand the main biochemical processes occurring during motility of sperm, to determine the reproductive ability of fish species, and to optimize the environment for spermatozoa. Generally, once differentiated in the gonad the sperm remain there completely quiescent until they are released into an external medium. After activation, motility duration of fish spermatozoa is greatly affected by environmental factors such as pH, ion concentrations, and osmotic pressure. Investigating these factors in relation to fish sperm can help establish good activation or immobilizing media for improving artificial fertilization and preservation. This study aimed to determine the effect of activation solution pH, ions (K+ and Ca2+), and osmolality on the motility of cultured shabut (Barbus grypus Heckel 1843) sperm. The best pH level for activation of spermatozoa was pH 9.0. Ionic factors can stimulate the initiation of sperm activation and duration. Maximum percentage and duration of motile sperm were observed in solutions containing 5 mM K+ and no Ca2+ with an osmolality of 56 mOsmol kg(-1). Concentrations of more than 20 mM K+ and more than 10 mM Ca2+ had negative effects on sperm motility.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the selectivity of multifilament gillnets with 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 mm nominal mesh size (bar length) for Shabbout (Barbus grypus Heckel, 1843), in Keban Dame Lake, Elazig. Research results will supply the valuable data for fisheries management of Dam Lake. Methods: In the 47 fishing operations performed by holding method, a total of 510 target species were caught between April 2012 and May 2013. Gillnets used present study have same properties except their mesh sizes. The nets were set at sunset and retrieved in the early hours, next day. The fish caught were segregated according to the mesh size of gillnet and grouped in to length groups at 1 cm interval. The SELECT method was used in determining selectivity parameters. Five different functional models (normal location, normal scale, gamma, log-normal and bi-modal) were used to fit the selectivity curve to the catch data. The bi-modal selectivity curve gave the best to fit the data. Results and Discussion: The model lengths obtained from bimodal function for gillnets with 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 mm mesh sizes were estimated 39.36 cm, 49.20 cm, 59.04 cm, 68.88 cm and 78.72 cm, respectively. Spreads of selection curve were estimated 1.92 cm, 2.40 cm, 2.88 cm, 3.36 cm and 3.84 cm, respectively. One of the basic principles of sustainable fisheries is to ensure that the fish has reproduced at least once, before capture. Minimum catch size of this species is notified as 45 cm in the notification regulated commercial fisheries. According to results of this study, gillnets with 50 mm and above mesh size do not cause an over fishing on Shabbout stocks in Keban Dame Lake.

Atrazine is one of the most important and effective pollutant in aquatic ecosystems. The largest sugar cane farms of Middle East is located in Khouzestan Province, Iran in which large amounts of Atrezine are being used in farming. The aim of this study was to investigate acute toxicity (LC50 96 h) of atrazine on barbus grypus and the effects of chronic toxicity with sub-lethal concentration of atrazine on bioaccumulation of atrazine in fish fillet. LC50 96 h of atrazine on barbus grypus was measured according to the OECD standard method, 180 barbus grypus were divided into 4 equal groups (in triplicates). Groups 1, 2 and 3 were exposed to 3.25 mg l-1 (5%), 6.5 mg l-1 (10%) and 13 mg l-1 (20%) of LC50 96 h concentrations, respectively. Group 4 exposed to toxin free water as a control group. Experimental exposures did last for 21 days, muscles samples of the large dorsal muscle were taken on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of experiment. Bioaccumulation of Atrazine was measured in the muscle at days 0, 7, 14 and 21 in all groups. Results indicated that atrazine was toxic for barbus grypus and its toxicity increased not only with increase in atrazine but also with increase in the exposure time. The bioaccumulation of atrazine in fish muscles was increased significantly in groups 2 and 3 in all sampling periods and in groups 1 only in day 21. The results of present study showed that placing barbus grypus in the presence of chronic and sub lethal concentrations of the herbicide Atrazine for three weeks may lead to accumulation of toxins in the fish fillets.

This study was carried out to identify proper broodstock of Barbus sharpeyi and Barbus grypus using working fecundity indices. For Barbus sharpeyi three female groups were chosen based on previous experiences that included treatment 1: 650±300g, 1±0.5 years, (T.L) 40.68±2.7cm, treatment 2: 1350±350g, 2.5±0.5 years, (T.L) 47.92±4.63cm and treatment 3: 2200±400g, 4±0.4 years, and (T.L) 59.62±3.56cm. The same male broodstock (700±80g) and 2 year old fish were used for all treatments. For Barbus grypus three female groups were chosen using previous experiences that included treatment 1: 2212.5±780g, 2.5±0.5 years, (T.L) 62.68±6.7cm, treatment 2: 4518±780g, 4±1 years (T.L) 79.12±4.36cm and treatment 3: 7712.5±171g, 7.7±1.3 years and (T.L) 92.62±3.13cm. The same male broodstock (1400±100g) and 2 year old fish were used for all treatments. Female broodstock of the two species were injected 3mg/kg of PG hormone two times at an interval of 10 hours and males were injected 2mg/kg. The maximum working fecundity was seen in treatment 2 for Barbus sharpeyi (33000±1450) and Barbus grypus and (13000.37±4651.57). Functional fecundity were calculated for Barbus sharpeyi in all treatments which was significantly different between treatment 2 and other treatments for the two species. After this stage, the working fecundity was decreased in treatments. We conclude that treatment 2 is the best for selection of broodstocks in the two fish species.

Shirbot (Barbus grypus) as a species with high potential for aquaculture development recently propagated artificially in South Iran Aquaculture Research Center to extend the species diversity in polyculture system. To provide an effective economic diet for this species 9 experimental diets containing three crude protein levels (250, 300, and 350 g kg -1) and three metabolizable energy levels (10.46, 12.55 and 14.64 MJ kg -1) were fed to triplicate groups of shirbot juvenile fish (initial body weight of 29.68± 0.19). Three aerated tanks were randomly assigned to each treatment, stocked with 15 juvenile fish and reared for a 60-day period. The preferential diet, which was diet 4, (300 g kg -1 CP and 10.46 MJ kg -1 ME) exhibited the best growth and feed utilization performances. Fishes fed diet 4 showed higher weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and survival rate with a significant difference (P0.05). It was found that varying levels of CP and DE in the diets did not significantly affect the body composition of the fish (P>0.05) except for the CF. Comparison between varying levels of dietary protein and energy on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of Barbus grypus indicated that 250 to 300 g kg -1 CP and 10.46 MJ kg -1 ME could be the preferential dietary levels for this species in the juvenile stage.

According to the records of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), Shabut, also known as Barbus grypus, is one of the most significant fish species listed in the fresh waters of Iraq and in the rivers along South and Southwest Iran, the Karoon river, and also in the Euphrates River and Tigris Rivers in Turkey. This fish with dark anal and tail fins and other light colored fins is one of the leading fish species from the Atatürk Dam Lake with great importance in economy. ... Through a retrospective study of the literature, it was recognized that the analysis carried out so far on Barbus grypus was insufficient and the data on its nutritional value was inadequate. However, it is extremely important to determine and keep a record of the nutritional quality of such type of nutrients for healthy consumption. In this study, Shabut (Barbus grypus) was examined for amino acid sufficiency and balance, additionally the seasonal changes in nutritional values of mineral substances and fatty acids which are known to have extremely important effects on human health were identified with this research. The samples of Shabut (Barbus grypus) used in the research were classified according to their length and then the amounts that were edible and inedible were identified with a 0.1g precision scale to obtain meat yield. The ratio of the remaining weight of meat to the total body weight after removing the head, fins, scales and all internal organs was measured as the net edible meat yield and reported in percentage (%).

Barbus sp. fish samples were collected during November 2007 to October 2008 from five landing stations in Karoon River: Gotvand, Shoshtar, Molasani, Ahwaz, and Darkhoin. During one year of study, more than 2000 specimens of B. grypus and B. barbulus were measured, mean±SD length values for this species were 37.94±8.18 and 43.62±10.27, respectively and maximum and minimum total length were 20-76cm and 20-94cm, respectively. Mean±SD of weight values for this species were 873.2±1092.45 grams and 778.59±725.97 grams, respectively and maximum and minimum weight were 52-11170 grams and 52-4675 grams, respectively. Growth and mortality parameters were calculated for B. grypus and B. barbulus as L∞: 86.64, 132.9 and K: 0.27, 0.17 and t0: -0.46, -0.66, M: 0.50, 0.33, F: 1.22, 1.04, Z: 1.72, 2.72, 'Ф: 3.31, 3.48, E: 0.71, 0.76, respectively. According to the exploitation coefficient, B. grypus and B. barbulus stocks are overfished; hence we suggest a decrease in exploitation coefficient. Based on results and their comparison with the American Fisheries Society (AFS) indices, these species are classified in moderate to high vulnerable group fishes.

The effects of weight and length of Barbus grypus broodstock on fingerlings reproductive characteristics and growth were investigated. We chose three female treatments including weight and length groups (1) 2212.5±479g, 62.68±6.7cm, (2) 4518±780g, 79.12±4.36cm and (3) 7712.5±1171g, 92.62±3.13cm. The same male broodstock were used for all the treatments with the weight and length size of 1400±100g, 54.62±7.35cm. Female broodstock were injected 3mg/kg PG hormone two times at an interval of 10 hours. Males were injected 2mg/kg once at the time females received their second injection. Larvae and fingerling survival rate and growth indices (special growth coefficient, condition factor) up to the fingerling stage were calculated for all treatments of larvae culture. Fingerling stage in ponds, 02, pH, temperature, transparency, nitrate, and phosphate were measured and no significant difference was observed (P>0.05) among the ponds. The special growth rate, condition factor, and fingerling survival of the treatments showed no significant differences (P>0.05). However, our results indicated that larvae survival rate had significant differences between treatment 2 and other treatments (P

Heavy metals concentration (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni) in muscle and gill tissue of the fish Barbus grypus was assessed in winter 2007. In total, 60 fish samples were taken from Arvand River and experiments were carried out on two fish tissues (muscle and gill) separated after biometrical measurements. Extraction of the heavy metals was performed using concentrated nitric acid and then A.A.S. was used for measurement of the heavy metals. Results showed 2.83, 16.42, 2.68, 0.77kg of heavy metals for gram dry weight of the fish for cadmium, lead, copper and nickel concentration in muscle tissue and 2.79, 9.03, 6.98, 1.39 in grill tissue. Metal levels in muscle tissue in this research were compared with standards values such as World Health Organization (WHO), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) and National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), based on which only lead and cadmium showed higher than standard levels. We found positive linear relationship between metal accumulation levels of cadmium and lead in muscle and gill tissue with total length and weight. There was a significant relationship between copper accumulation level in muscle tissue with weight but not so for the length. There was no significant relationship between copper accumulations level in the gill tissue with length and weight. There was significant relationship between nickel accumulation levels in the gill tissue and the total length and weight but not so for the muscle tissue.

This study was done is two phases, to determine required suitable level of protein and energy for Barbus grypus to get maximum growth to market size. Phase 1-finger ling phase Treatments with triplicate in different level of protein (25, 30, 35 percentage) and different level of digestible energy (kcal/100 gr 250,300,350) were used. Also the effect of mentioned diets on fish growth by calculating (WG, FER, FCR, SVR, PER, SGR) was studied. 9 treatments with triplicate random group of 15 fish per 300 liter tank the mean of were stuclied for 60 days. Body weight was (29.68±0.19gr). The results showed that in constant protein levels growth parameters improved to a special level with in Creasing energy level but in constant. Protein decrease with in crase in energy level. The result of caracass showed energy, protein, fiber and lipid caracass increased with increase in protein and energy, ash level of diet, on the other hand the mentioned diets had meaningfull effect on biochemical composition of caracass except (protein and ash). The best protein level was (%30) and suitable energy level was (250 Kcal/100gr). Phase 2: Grow out stage The best diets (P30%) and (250Kcal/100gr) and (p350%),(300kcal/100gr),(p35%)(350Kcal/100gr)was determind of second phase. These three suitable diets 3 treament in a soil pond 160m² with primary weight 98.3±23 in 60 day. Siqnificant different bet ween treatments were obsereved based on WG,FER,FCR,SVR,PER,SGR Indices. There were no Siqnificant different in (fish body composition)in second phases of experiment. The level of energy,protein,fiber and lipid. In fishes body were increased with in increasing the diet protein. Finally, according to mean valves,30% protein level and (250 Kcal/100gr) energy for barbus grypus are suggestedias the best levels. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

During this project Barbus grypus was cultured in monoculture and polyculture methods With Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyndon idellus, Hypophthlmichth molitrix and Arystichthys Nobilis fishes. The result indicates that Barbus grypus in polycuture method has special growth rate, higher weight and length, some amount of different nutrition item were used. In integrated culture system due to physicochemical condition growth was suitable.

station in Dez river (after dam ). Station five in enterance of the river to lake showed riverine or lake condition according to water supply. In spite of significant difference between monthly sampling no significance were observed in depth and stations and the physico chemical results showed that all of the studied factors were in optimal range for fish culture and qrowth . The most dominant phytoplanktons were observed in Mar. and Aug. respectively. The most dominant zooplankton were in Feb .Cyclotella was the most abandance genus from sixtheen identified phytoplanktons genera. Dinophycea and Bacillariophycea were the most abundant classes from five main classes of phytoplanktons. Dinophycea showed same abundance in different depth but Bacillariophycea was dominant in surface. From nine genera of zooplankton groups include Protozoa , Rotifera , Cladocera and Copepoda , Brachinus was the most abundant genus. Benthic fauna include Oligochaeta , Corbicula and Chironomids larvae were more abundant in stations one & two in late spring and summer. Station three and four due to higher depth and station five due to comprise special condition and unstable bottom , showed low diversity and abundance. In this study 12 fish species , belong to 3 family , were identified and Cyprinid fishes with nine species were the most dominant family. Capoeta trutta , Barbus grypus and Barbus esocinus were the most species respectively . The most abundant fishes was observed in summer. Indices: diversity, richness , evenness and dominance 1.11 , 1.05 , 0.45 and 0.46 were determined respectively . Most of fishes were omnivor and also planktivor , carnivor fishes were observed. Spawning of the most species is occurred the late winter and spring and some species was spawning in different seasonal time. According to the result , Dez lake can be clssified as oligotroph mesotroph lake . Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

The result from conducted surveys on Shirbot (B. grypus) in Khuozestan water bodies showed that this fish has a wide occurence in almost all water bodies, and in a wide range of temperature and salinity. It is revealed that it can grow up to 20 kg in weight. Due to its tasty flesh, there is a good demand for it, especially for local markets. Diet characteristics and food intakes indicate its omnivorous habit. Data indicate that its presence in Khouzestan plain, seems to be mainly for feeding purpose. Its reproductive activities, occur in the northern parts of the regions characterized with sandy or gravel substrate high water current, low temperature and high oxygen content. This condition is not available in Khouzestan plain.

Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Because of the importance of Karoon River and its potential in fisheries, the project was carried out during one year period from March 1992 to march 1993. Physico-chemical and biological parameters were studied. We tried to collect general information about the ecosystem, aquatic organisms, physical and chemical changes, variation of living organisms in the superficial layer and bottom of the river. Karoon River (Gotevand to Band-e-Ghir) in which it is divided into two branches Shoteit and Gargar. This study was carried out in the land area of 205 km. Physico-chemical factors of water were: average annual transparency 20.43 cm, water temp. 21.7°C, dissolved oxygen 9.29 mg/lit, pH 8.17 and salinity 0.404 ppt. The river hasn't any NH3, SH2 and CO2 gases, The highest frequency of phytoplankton has been observed in mid-summer and early autumn, and among them Bacillariophyceae being dominant. In general, amount of zooplanktons were lower than phytoplankton. Bottom sediments were in a constant displacement, and for this reason, the benthic fauna showed to be little, 20 fish species, one crab and one turtle species were identified, fishes belonged to 5 families and Cyprinidae were the dominant family, from which Barbus grypus showed the highest abundance.

Ecological characteristics a Barbus grypus, B. sharpoyi, Capoeta trutta, Mugil abu, Tenualosa ilisha and Johnius belangerii, occurring in Zohre River were studied, among fresh water fishes, B. grypus showed versatility in its habitats, thus occurring frequently in the river. In contrast B. sharpeyi, a stenohaline fish, was found only in a limited section of river reaching to the estuary. C. trutta even so being stenohaline, covered a wider range of the river in comparison with B. sharpeyi thus showing more compatibility with varying phsico-chemical environments. Amongst anadromous fishes, Mugli abu covered a greater part of the river and it seems likely the fish spawns two times a year. The occurrence of this species shows a peak in summer and winter. On the contrary, T. ilisba occurs only on spring and summer in the river, evidently for spawning. Apparently, the preferred environment for the Spawning of the latter ought to be alkaline and have low salinity and high oxygen content accompanied by muddy bottom, slow water current and high depth. The J. belangerii showed the least occurrence and mainly caught in the estuary in Autumn.

Shabbout (Barbus grypus;Cyprinidae) is an omnivorus, fast growing, highly appreciated and one of the main candidate fish species for aquaculture in the Tigris and Euphrates fluvial system. The nutritional quality of this wild species is still unknown and consequently this study was designed to investigate the proximal composition and fatty acid profile of Shabbout filet, and to note whether this species is suitable for fish farming in the area. Samples of two mature males and six females at different stages of maturity, obtained from local fishermen between May and June, were used in the study. Significant differences in proximate composition were observed among the samples, the moisture, ash, lipid and protein contents being 70.8 - 76.1%, 1.4-2.4%, 2.0-5.3% and 15.0-21.6% wet weight, respectively. Variations in lipid content between genders were detected, with significantly higher lipid levels in males. Maturity stage of fish is considered one of the reasons for intra-specific variation in the proximate composition, especially in the case of lipids. Thus, the differences observed among shabbout females in the present study might be attributed to variations in the stage of maturity. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the highest fatty acid group followed by saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the flesh of all the samples. PUFA content of shabbout ranged between 19.2% and 26.1% being docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6?3), linoleic acid (LA, C18:2?6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5?3) and eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3?3), the most important PUFAs. According to the present results in ?3 series, shabbout is a good source for EPA and DHA as well as for the ratios ?3/?6 (2.4 - 4.8) and ?6/?3 (0.2 - 0.4) that were found to be within the recommended limits for human nutrition.