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Gastroesophageal intussusception is a rare pathology characterized by an acute or intermittent invagination of the stomach into the lumen caudal to the thoracic esophagus, the pathogenesis is not well understood, although it is likely multifactorial. The mortality is high, associated with a late diagnosis and a rapid deterioration. A 4-month-old male domestic shorthair kitten presented for evaluation of intermittent respiratory distress and abdominal discomfort with two weeks of evolution. Based on clinical history, clinical sings and imaging studies a diagnosis of intermittent gastroesophageal intussusception was established. The reduction of the intussusception was performed with endoscopy maneuvers and with medical and nutritional management for some days, but this failed and finally was reduced with a percutaneous gastropexy tube to prevent recurrence with a good long-term outcome. Gastroesophageal intussusception in cats is associated with megaesophagus or hiatal hernia, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with chronic vomiting, regurgitation or respiratory disease. Survey and contrasted thoracic radiographs can be used to identify gross anatomical abnormalities, but the definitive diagnosis should be made by esophagogastroscopy with the possibility of reducing the intussusception. The use of percutaneous gastropexy provides other possible option to conventional surgery for the management of this pathology in cats.

Urinary bladder worm infection is relatively uncommon in pet dogs and cats in the Americas. This report describes the diagnosis of lower urinary tract infection by Pearsonema plica in two asymptomatic dogs and P. feliscati in a cat with lower urinary tract clinical signs diagnosed between 2002 and 2015, and the first report of this type of parasitism in domestic small animals in Mexico at an altitude above 2600 m above sea level. The studied cases demonstrate the need to consider a urinary bladder worm infection in domestic small animals, both stray animals and those with controlled access to the streets. Although a definitive host as foxes does not exist among the urban wildlife in cities of the Americas, stray dogs and cats should be considered as potential reservoir hosts of Pearsonema, which requires future epidemiological studies in these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Identify demographic risk factors and clinical characteristics of struvite urolithiasis (UEs) in a canine population from Mexico. Animals. Dog cases with struvite urolith from the urolith analysis laboratory from 2012-2017. Materials and methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to identify demographic risk factors in dogs with UEs by comparing cases between two groups. Description of the clinical characteristics, they will be used in clinical data of dogs with UEs. Statistical analysis included X2 test, odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (95% CI). Significant values were considered with p<0.05. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify association between factors. Results. The UEs frequency was 41.2% and female dogs were greater odds at for developing this urolithiasis (p<0.05; p <0.001) across all comparison groups, as well as the small-size animals (p<0.01) with respect to large-sized ones. Associations between a struvite urolithiasis diagnosis and individual breeds and age were identified. The clinical characteristics found were urine pH ≥7, specific gravity ≥1.025, presence of moderately radiopacity uroliths ≥30 mm and solitary into the bladder in female. Recurrence was more frequently between the first and second year (56.7%). Conclusions: The identification of these demographic factors and the knowledge of clinical characteristics will allow veterinarians to predict that the urolith composition is struvite and consider medical dissolution as treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify the proportions of different types of uroliths, characterize the population of cats that present with urolithiasis and determine possible predisposing factors in a population of Mexican cats., Methods: This study analyzed clinical specimens of feline urolithiasis submitted to our laboratory in the period from 2006 to 2017. The mineral composition of the uroliths was determined by qualitative and quantitative mineral analyses, performed by stereoscopic microscopy and infrared spectroscopy., Results: In the population studied, 54.3% of all uroliths were calcium oxalate, followed by 32.1% struvite and 7.4% purine (urate and xanthine) uroliths, with other types accounting for 6.2% of submissions. The male:female ratio was 1.2:1. Calcium oxalate submissions were predominantly from males and struvite submissions were predominantly from females. The age of the cats with stone submissions ranged from 6 months to 17 years. In cats with calcium oxalate uroliths, 52.3% were aged 7 years or older. Cats with struvite uroliths were younger, with 65.4% younger than 6 years of age. Almost 90% of all submitted uroliths were from domestic shorthair cats., Conclusions and Relevance: This is the first epidemiologic study of urolithiasis in cats in Mexico. Age and sex predispositions to common uroliths were identified, as males aged ≥7 years primarily presented with calcium oxalate uroliths and females aged <6 years primarily presented struvite uroliths. Cases of urolithiasis of genetic origin, including xanthinuria and cystinuria, were also detected, in addition to silicate uroliths., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2019.)

Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi is a major risk in Latin America, and dogs are believed to be good models for evaluating Chagas disease. Here, we evaluated the clinical and immunopathological alterations developed by mongrel dogs experimentally infected with different infective doses (2,000, 20,000, and 200,000 metacyclic trypomastigotes of Sylvio X10/4 strain kg(-1) via intraperitoneal). Clinical and electrocardiographic parameters, as well as antibody production and pathologic lesions were evaluated. All three doses of this strain of T. cruzi induced a similar pattern of infection characterized by cardiac arrhythmias and severe and diffuse myocarditis. Specific anti-T. cruzi IgG indicated seroconversion by day 14 after infection, and IgG levels increased during the period of evaluation. Mortality was observed only in dogs infected with the medium or high parasite doses, but not in the group infected with a low dose of 2,000 parasites kg(-1). Infection with a low dose of parasites provides an excellent nonlethal model to evaluate the immunopathology of the acute disease in dogs infected with the Sylvio X10/4 strain of T. cruzi.