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1. Gate-tunable Bose-Fermi mixture in a strongly correlated moir\'e bilayer electron system

Author

Mhenni, Amine Ben, Kadow, Wilhelm, Metelski, Mikołaj J., Paulus, Adrian O., Dijkstra, Alain, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Tongay, Seth Ariel, Barbone, Matteo, Finley, Jonathan J., Knap, Michael, and Wilson, Nathan P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

Quantum gases consisting of species with distinct quantum statistics, such as Bose-Fermi mixtures, can behave in a fundamentally different way than their unmixed constituents. This makes them an essential platform for studying emergent quantum many-body phenomena such as mediated interactions and unconventional pairing. Here, we realize an equilibrium Bose-Fermi mixture in a bilayer electron system implemented in a WS$_{2}$/WSe$_{2}$ moir\'e heterobilayer with strong Coulomb coupling to a nearby moir\'e-free WSe$_{2}$ monolayer. Absent the fermionic component, the underlying bosonic phase manifests as a dipolar excitonic insulator. By injecting excess charges into it, we show that the bosonic phase forms a stable mixture with added electrons but abruptly collapses upon hole doping. We develop a microscopic model to explain the unusual asymmetric stability with respect to electron and hole doping. By studying the Bose-Fermi mixture via monitoring excitonic resonances from both layers, we demonstrate gate-tunability over a wide range in the boson/fermion density phase space, in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations. Our results further the understanding of phases stabilized in moir\'e bilayer electron systems and demonstrate their potential for exploring the exotic properties of equilibrium Bose-Fermi mixtures., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures. Extended Data: 6 figures. We welcome your feedback!

Published
2024

3. Breakdown of the static dielectric screening approximation of Coulomb interactions in atomically thin semiconductors

Author

Mhenni, Amine Ben, Van Tuan, Dinh, Geilen, Leonard, Petrić, Marko M., Erdi, Melike, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Tongay, Sefaattin, Müller, Kai, Wilson, Nathan P., Finley, Jonathan J., Dery, Hanan, and Barbone, Matteo

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Coulomb interactions in atomically thin materials are uniquely sensitive to variations in the dielectric screening of the environment, which can be used to control quasiparticles and exotic quantum many-body phases. A static approximation of the dielectric response, where increased dielectric screening is predicted to cause an energy redshift of the exciton resonance, has been until now sufficient. Here, we use charge-tunable exciton resonances to study screening effects in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers embedded in materials with dielectric constants ranging from 4 to more than 1000. In contrast to expectations, we observe a blueshift of the exciton resonance exceeding 30 meV for larger dielectric constant environments. By employing a dynamical screening model, we find that while the exciton binding energy remains mostly controlled by the static dielectric response, the exciton self-energy is dominated by the high-frequency response. Dielectrics with markedly different static and high-frequency screening enable the selective addressing of distinct many-body effects in layered materials and their heterostructures, expanding the tunability range and offering new routes to detect and control correlated quantum many-body states and to design optoelectronic and quantum devices., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. SI: 11 pages, 6 figures. We welcome your feedback!

Published
2024

8. Neurologic complications in patients receiving aortic versus subclavian versus femoral arterial cannulation for post-cardiotomy extracorporeal life support: results of the PELS observational multicenter study

Author

Chiarini, Giovanni, Mariani, Silvia, Schaefer, Anne-Kristin, van Bussel, Bas C. T., Di Mauro, Michele, Wiedemann, Dominik, Saeed, Diyar, Pozzi, Matteo, Botta, Luca, Boeken, Udo, Samalavicius, Robertas, Bounader, Karl, Hou, Xiaotong, Bunge, Jeroen J. H., Buscher, Hergen, Salazar, Leonardo, Meyns, Bart, Herr, Daniel, Matteucci, Sacha, Sponga, Sandro, Ramanathan, Kollengode, Russo, Claudio, Formica, Francesco, Sakiyalak, Pranya, Fiore, Antonio, Camboni, Daniele, Raffa, Giuseppe Maria, Diaz, Rodrigo, Wang, I-wen, Jung, Jae-Seung, Belohlavek, Jan, Pellegrino, Vin, Bianchi, Giacomo, Pettinari, Matteo, Barbone, Alessandro, Garcia, José P., Shekar, Kiran, Whitman, Glenn J. R., and Lorusso, Roberto

Published
2024
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9. Proposal for a distributed, community-driven academic publishing system

Author

Barbone, Matteo, Gündoğan, Mustafa, Kara, Dhiren M., Pingault, Benjamin, Montblanch, Alejandro Rodriguez-Pardo, Stefan, Lucio, and Tan, Anthony K. C.

Subjects
Computer Science - Digital Libraries, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

We propose an academic publishing system where research papers are stored in a network of data centres owned by university libraries and research institutions, and are interfaced with the academic community through a website. In our system, the editor is replaced by an initial adjusted community-wide evaluation, the standard peer-review is accompanied by a post-publication open-ended and community-wide review process, aiming at a more objective and longer-term evaluation, the publishing costs are reduced to the running costs of the servers, and access is fully open. Our proposal addresses the fundamental problems of the current system: it reduces publishing costs, allowing easier access by less well-funded institutions (especially from developing countries); it makes the editorial evaluation distributed and more transparent; it speeds up the peer review process by eliminating the need for multiple resubmissions; and it introduces a long-term, community-wide evaluation of papers, ensuring their continued relevance and accuracy; while maximising its main goals, i.e. ensuring the highest quality of peer review and giving the best referees, the most visibility and the most credit to the best papers. Our scheme is time-efficient, financially sustainable, ethically fair and represents a significant improvement over the current system.

Published
2023

10. Nonlinear Dispersion Relation and Out-of-Plane Second Harmonic Generation in MoSSe and WSSe Janus Monolayers

Author

Petrić, Marko M., Villafañe, Viviana, Herrmann, Paul, Mhenni, Amine Ben, Qin, Ying, Sayyad, Yasir, Shen, Yuxia, Tongay, Sefaattin, Müller, Kai, Soavi, Giancarlo, Finley, Jonathan J., and Barbone, Matteo

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Janus transition metal dichalcogenides are an emerging class of atomically thin materials with engineered broken mirror symmetry that gives rise to long-lived dipolar excitons, Rashba splitting, and topologically protected solitons. They hold great promise as a versatile nonlinear optical platform due to their broadband harmonic generation tunability, ease of integration on photonic structures, and nonlinearities beyond the basal crystal plane. Here, we study second and third harmonic generation in MoSSe and WSSe Janus monolayers. We use polarization-resolved spectroscopy to map the full second-order susceptibility tensor of MoSSe, including its out-of-plane components. In addition, we measure the effective third-order susceptibility, and the second-order nonlinear dispersion close to exciton resonances for both MoSSe and WSSe at room and cryogenic temperatures. Our work sets a bedrock for understanding the nonlinear optical properties of Janus transition metal dichalcogenides and probing their use in the next-generation on-chip multifaceted photonic devices., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. SI: 8 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023
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13. Charge-carrier complexes in monolayer semiconductors

Author

Mostaani, E., Hunt, R. J., Thomas, D. M., Szyniszewski, M., Montblanch, A. R. P., Barbone, M., Atature, M., Drummond, N. D., and Ferrari, A. C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of monolayer (1L) semiconductors feature peaks ascribed to different charge-carrier complexes. We perform diffusion quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the binding energies of these complexes and examine their response to electric and magnetic fields. We focus on quintons (charged biexcitons), since they are the largest free charge-carrier complexes in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). We examine the accuracy of the Rytova-Keldysh interaction potential between charges by comparing the binding energies of charge-carrier complexes in 1L-TMDs with results obtained using $\textit{ab initio}$ interaction potentials. Magnetic fields$<8$T change the binding energies (BEs) by$\sim0.2$ meV,T$^{-1}$, in agreement with experiments, with the BE variations of different complexes being very similar. Our results will help identify charge complexes in the PL spectra of 1L-semiconductors

Published
2022
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14. Placental growth factor promotes neural invasion and predicts disease prognosis in resectable pancreatic cancer

Author

Andreas Göhrig, Georg Hilfenhaus, Friederike Rosseck, Martina Welzel, Benjamin Moser, Gianluca Barbone, Catarina Alisa Kunze, Johannes Rein, Gregor Wilken, Michael Böhmig, Thomas Malinka, Frank Tacke, Marcus Bahra, Katharina M. Detjen, and Christian Fischer

Subjects
Pancreatic cancer, Placental growth factor (PlGF), Axon guidance molecule, Neural invasion, Nerves, Cancer neuroscience, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Background Surgery represents the only curative treatment option for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but recurrence in more than 85% of patients limits the success of curative-intent tumor resection. Neural invasion (NI), particularly the spread of tumor cells along nerves into extratumoral regions of the pancreas, constitutes a well-recognized risk factor for recurrence. Hence, monitoring and therapeutic targeting of NI offer the potential to stratify recurrence risk and improve recurrence-free survival. Based on the evolutionary conserved dual function of axon and vessel guidance molecules, we hypothesize that the proangiogenic vessel guidance factor placental growth factor (PlGF) fosters NI. To test this hypothesis, we correlated PlGF with NI in PDAC patient samples and functionally assessed its role for the interaction of tumor cells with nerves. Methods Serum levels of PlGF and its soluble receptor sFlt1, and expression of PlGF mRNA transcripts in tumor tissues were determined by ELISA or qPCR in a retrospective discovery and a prospective validation cohort. Free circulating PlGF was calculated from the ratio PlGF/sFlt1. Incidence and extent of NI were quantified based on histomorphometric measurements and separately assessed for intratumoral and extratumoral nerves. PlGF function on reciprocal chemoattraction and directed neurite outgrowth was evaluated in co-cultures of PDAC cells with primary dorsal-root-ganglia neurons or Schwann cells using blocking anti-PlGF antibodies. Results Elevated circulating levels of free PlGF correlated with NI and shorter overall survival in patients with PDAC qualifying for curative-intent surgery. Furthermore, high tissue PlGF mRNA transcript levels in patients undergoing curative-intent surgery correlated with a higher incidence and greater extent of NI spreading to tumor-distant extratumoral nerves. In turn, more abundant extratumoral NI predicted shorter disease-free and overall survival. Experimentally, PlGF facilitated directional and dynamic changes in neurite outgrowth of primary dorsal-root-ganglia neurons upon exposure to PDAC derived guidance and growth factors and supported mutual chemoattraction of tumor cells with neurons and Schwann cells. Conclusion Our translational results highlight PlGF as an axon guidance factor, which fosters neurite outgrowth and attracts tumor cells towards nerves. Hence, PlGF represents a promising circulating biomarker of NI and potential therapeutic target to improve the clinical outcome for patients with resectable PDAC. Graphical Abstract

Published
2024
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15. Characteristics and Outcomes of Prolonged Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Cardiac Surgery: The Post-Cardiotomy Extracorporeal Life Support (PELS-1) Cohort Study

Author

Bunge, Jeroen J. H., Mariani, Silvia, Meuwese, Christiaan, van Bussel, Bas C. T., Di Mauro, Michele, Wiedeman, Dominik, Saeed, Diyar, Pozzi, Matteo, Loforte, Antonio, Boeken, Udo, Samalavicius, Robertas, Bounader, Karl, Hou, Xiaotong, Buscher, Hergen, Salazar, Leonardo, Meyns, Bart, Herr, Daniel, Matteucci, Sacha, Sponga, Sandro, MacLaren, Graeme, Russo, Claudio, Formica, Francesco, Sakiyalak, Pranya, Fiore, Antonio, Camboni, Daniele, Raffa, Giuseppe Maria, Diaz, Rodrigo, Wang, I-wen, Jung, Jae-Seung, Belohlavek, Jan, Pellegrino, Vin, Bianchi, Giacomo, Pettinari, Matteo, Barbone, Alessandro, Garcia, José P., Shekar, Kiran, Whitman, Glenn J. R., Gommers, Diederik, Dos Reis Miranda, Dinis, Lorusso, Roberto, Heuts, Samuel, Ravaux, Justine, Schaefer, Anne-Kristin, Conci, Luca, Szalkiewicz, Philipp, Khalil, Jawad, Lehmann, Sven, Obadia, Jean-Francois, Kalampokas, Nikolaos, Jankuviene, Agne, Flecher, Erwan, Sriranjan, Kogulan, Mazzeffi, Michael A, Vedadi, Nazli, Di Eusanio, Marco, Sorokin, Vitaly, Ramanathan, Ram, Costetti, Alessandro, Schmid, Chistof, Castillo, Roberto, Mikulenka, Vladimir, Grus, Tomas, and Solinas, Marco

Published
2024
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16. Urinary concentrations of phthalate/DINCH metabolites and body mass index among European children and adolescents in the HBM4EU Aligned Studies: A cross-sectional multi-country study

Author

Anteneh Desalegn, Tessa Schillemans, Eleni Papadopoulou, Amrit K. Sakhi, Line S. Haug, Ida Henriette Caspersen, Andrea Rodriguez-Carrillo, Sylvie Remy, Greet Schoeters, Adrian Covaci, Michelle Laeremans, Mariana F Fernández, Susana Pedraza-Diaz, Tina Kold Jensen, Hanne Frederiksen, Agneta Åkesson, Bianca Cox, Shereen Cynthia D’Cruz, Loïc Rambaud, Margaux Riou, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Antje Gerofke, Aline Murawski, Nina Vogel, Catherine Gabriel, Spyros Karakitsios, Nafsika Papaioannou, Dimosthenis Sarigiannis, Fabio Barbone, Valentina Rosolen, Sanna Lignell, Anna Karin Lindroos, Janja Snoj Tratnik, Anja Stajnko, Tina Kosjek, Žiga Tkalec, Lucia Fabelova, Lubica Palkovicova Murinova, Branislav Kolena, Sona Wimmerova, Tamás Szigeti, Szilvia Középesy, Annick van den Brand, Jan-Paul Zock, Beata Janasik, Wojciech Wasowicz, Annelies De Decker, Stefaan De Henauw, Eva Govarts, and Nina Iszatt

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Background: Phthalates are ubiquitous in the environment. Despite short half-lives, chronic exposure can lead to endocrine disruption. The safety of phthalate substitute DINCH is unclear. Objective: To evaluate associations between urinary concentrations of phthalate/DINCH metabolites and body mass index (BMI) z-score among children and adolescents. Method: We used Human Biomonitoring for Europe Aligned Studies data from 2876 children (12 studies, 6–12 years, 2014–2021) and 2499 adolescents (10 studies, 12–18 years, 2014–2021) with up to 14 phthalate/DINCH urinary metabolites. We used multilevel linear regression to assess associations between phthalate/DINCH concentrations and BMI z-scores, testing effect modification by sex. In a subset, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile-based g-computation assessed important predictors and mixture effects. Results: In children, we found few associations in single pollutant models and no interactions by sex (p-interaction > 0.1). BKMR detected no relevant exposures (posterior inclusion probabilities, PIPs

Published
2024
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17. Impella versus VA-ECMO for the treatment of patients with cardiogenic shock: the Impella Network Project – observational study protocol for cost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses

Author

Pierluigi Stefàno, Rosanna Tarricone, Mauro Pennacchi, Serafina Valente, Anna Mara Scandroglio, Mario Iannaccone, Carla Rognoni, Giuseppe Tarantini, Italo Porto, Davide Pacini, Antonio Loforte, Gino Gerosa, Vittoria Ardito, Marina Pieri, Alessandro Barbone, Carlo Briguori, Emanuele Cigala, Marco Marini, Andrea Montalto, Jacopo Oreglia, Vincenzo Pestrichella, and Pietro Vandoni

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Introduction The treatment of patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) encompasses several health technologies including Impella pumps and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). However, while they are widely used in clinical practice, information on resource use and quality of life (QoL) associated with these devices is scarce. The aim of this study is, therefore, to collect and comparatively assess clinical and socioeconomic data of Impella versus VA-ECMO for the treatment of patients with severe CS, to ultimately conduct both a cost-effectiveness (CEA) and budget impact (BIA) analyses.Methods and analysis This is a prospective plus retrospective, multicentre study conducted under the scientific coordination of the Center for Research on Health and Social Care Management of SDA Bocconi School of Management and clinical coordination of Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Milan. The Impella Network stemmed for the purposes of this study and comprises 17 Italian clinical centres from Northern to Southern Regions in Italy. The Italian network qualifies as a subgroup of the international Impella Cardiac Surgery Registry. Patients with CS treated with Impella pumps (CP, 5.0 or 5.5) will be prospectively recruited, and information on clinical outcomes, resource use and QoL collected. Economic data will be retrospectively matched with data from comparable patients treated with VA-ECMO. Both CEA and BIA will be conducted adopting the societal perspective in Italy. This study will contribute to generate new socioeconomic evidence to inform future coverage decisions.Ethics and dissemination As of May 2024, most of the clinical centres submitted the documentation to their ethical committee (N=13; 76%), six centres received ethical approval and two centres started to enrol patients. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed publications and disseminated through conference presentations.

Published
2024
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20. Influence of hydraulic clam dredging and seasonal environmental changes on macro-benthic communities in the Southern Adriatic (Central Mediterranean Sea)

Author

Roberto Carlucci, Giulia Cipriano, Daniela Cascione, Maurizio Ingrosso, Enrico Barbone, Nicola Ungaro, and Pasquale Ricci

Subjects
Benthic assemblages, Chamelea gallina, Indicator of Value (IndVal), Species diversity, Feeding traits, Shellfish harvesting, Ecology, QH540-549.5, Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract Macro-benthic communities on the shallowest soft bottoms are impacted by hydraulic dredgers used for the harvesting of the striped venus clam (Chamelea gallina). Changes in macro-benthic assemblages were analysed across four areas in the Southern Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean Sea) during the winter and summer 2022 (low and high fishing pressures, respectively). Two sampling surveys were carried out collecting abundance data (N/100m2) of 69 species. Diversity indices (Shannon–Weiner and Equitability) were calculated and differences between seasons and areas were tested using non-parametric tests. Changes in the assemblage and feeding habits were explored by adopting permutational multivariate analysis of variance on 34 species. Moreover, environmental conditions of all areas in the two seasons were characterized by a set of 8 variables. Seasonal changes in diversity were only detected for the Shannon–Weiner index, with values significantly higher in winter than summer. Macro-benthic assemblages differed between the two seasons, and the winter assemblages were well-distinct in each area. In contrast, a high overlap was shown in the summer assemblages of the four areas. Changes in feeding habits showed an increase in filter feeding polychaetes and opportunistic/scavenger species during the summer. Temperature, Salinity and primary production were positively correlated to summer stations indicating potential thermic stress on the assemblages. The results provide information on the benthic community impacted by dredge disturbance and seasonal changes driven by environmental conditions, stressing the need to integrate these aspects in assessments on the health status of marine ecosystems required by European directives and fishery management plans.

Published
2024
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21. Determinants of exposure to acrylamide in European children and adults based on urinary biomarkers: results from the 'European Human Biomonitoring Initiative' HBM4EU participating studies

Author

Sandra F. Fernández, Michael Poteser, Eva Govarts, Olga Pardo, Clara Coscollà, Thomas Schettgen, Nina Vogel, Till Weber, Aline Murawski, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Maria Rüther, Phillipp Schmidt, Sónia Namorado, An Van Nieuwenhuyse, Brice Appenzeller, Kristín Ólafsdóttir, Thorhallur I. Halldorsson, Line S. Haug, Cathrine Thomsen, Fabio Barbone, Marika Mariuz, Valentina Rosolen, Loïc Rambaud, Margaux Riou, Thomas Göen, Stefanie Nübler, Moritz Schäfer, Karin H. A. Zarrabi, Ovnair Sepai, Laura Rodriguez Martin, Greet Schoeters, Liese Gilles, Karin Leander, Hanns Moshammer, Agneta Akesson, and Federica Laguzzi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Little is known about exposure determinants of acrylamide (AA), a genotoxic food-processing contaminant, in Europe. We assessed determinants of AA exposure, measured by urinary mercapturic acids of AA (AAMA) and glycidamide (GAMA), its main metabolite, in 3157 children/adolescents and 1297 adults in the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative. Harmonized individual-level questionnaires data and quality assured measurements of AAMA and GAMA (urine collection: 2014–2021), the short-term validated biomarkers of AA exposure, were obtained from four studies (Italy, France, Germany, and Norway) in children/adolescents (age range: 3–18 years) and six studies (Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and Iceland) in adults (age range: 20–45 years). Multivariable-adjusted pooled quantile regressions were employed to assess median differences (β coefficients) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in AAMA and GAMA (µg/g creatinine) in relation to exposure determinants. Southern European studies had higher AAMA than Northern studies. In children/adolescents, we observed significant lower AA associated with high socioeconomic status (AAMA:β = − 9.1 µg/g creatinine, 95% CI − 15.8, − 2.4; GAMA: β = − 3.4 µg/g creatinine, 95% CI − 4.7, − 2.2), living in rural areas (AAMA:β = − 4.7 µg/g creatinine, 95% CI − 8.6, − 0.8; GAMA:β = − 1.1 µg/g creatinine, 95% CI − 1.9, − 0.4) and increasing age (AAMA:β = − 1.9 µg/g creatinine, 95% CI − 2.4, − 1.4; GAMA:β = − 0.7 µg/g creatinine, 95% CI − 0.8, − 0.6). In adults, higher AAMA was also associated with high consumption of fried potatoes whereas lower AAMA was associated with higher body-mass-index. Based on this large-scale study, several potential determinants of AA exposure were identified in children/adolescents and adults in European countries.

Published
2023
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22. COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness in the population of Friuli Venezia Giulia, North-East Italy. Control of bias associated with divergent compliance to policies in a test-negative case-control study

Author

Valentina Rosolen, Federico Turoldo, Gianna Zamaro, Flavio Del Bianco, Patrizio Pezzotti, Luigi Castriotta, and Fabio Barbone

Subjects
COVID-19, Vaccine effectiveness, Mediation analysis, Alfa variant, Delta variant, Omicron variant, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies consolidate knowledge of real-world effectiveness in different contexts. However, methodological issues may undermine their conclusions: to assess the VE against COVID-19 within the Italian population, a specific threat to validity is related to the consequences of divergent compliance to the Green Pass policy. Methods To address this challenge we conducted a test negative case-control (TNCC) study and multiple sensitivity analysis among residents aged ≥ 12 in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (FVG), North-east Italy, from February 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022. Information regarding 211,437 cases of COVID-19 infection and 845,748 matched controls was obtained from the regional computerized health database. The investigation considered: COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death. Multiple conditional logistic regressions adjusted for covariates were performed and VE was estimated as (1-OR COVID-19vaccinated vs. unvaccinated)x100. Mediation analyses were carried out to offset potential collider variables, particularly, the number of swabs performed after the introduction of pandemic restrictions. Results Full-cycle VE against infection decreased from 96% (95% CI: 96, 97) in the Alpha period to 43% (95% CI: 42, 45) in the Omicron period. Booster dose raised the protection in Omicron period to 67% (95% CI: 66, 67). Against the evasive Omicron variant, the protection of the booster dose was 87% (95% CI: 83, 90) for hospitalization and 90% (95% CI: 82, 95) for death. The number of swabs performed was included as a covariate in the adjustments, and the mediation analysis confirmed that it was a strong mediator between vaccination and COVID-19-related outcomes. Conclusions The study suggests that, under similar TNCC settings, mediation analysis and adjustment for number of diagnostic tests should be included, as an effective approach to the challenge of differential testing behavior that may determine substantial selection bias. This correction allowed us to align with results from other studies that show how full-cycle VE against infection was initially high but decreased over time by variant circulation, counterbalanced by booster dose that raised protection across variants and outcome severity.

Published
2023
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23. Survival and Durability of Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Repair: Insights from Different Repair Techniques

Author

Alessandra Iaccarino, Ilaria Giambuzzi, Denise Galbiati, Enea Cuko, Ginevra Droandi, Sara Forcina, Eraldo Kushta, Alessio Basciu, Alessandro Barbone, Andrea Fumero, and Lucia Torracca

Subjects
mitral valve repair, mini-thoracotomy mitral valve repair, minimally invasive mitral valve repair, edge-to-edge, quadrangular resection, artificial chordae, Medicine
Abstract

This study evaluates the long-term outcomes of minimally invasive mitral valve repair (MIMVR) in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation, focusing on survival, mitral valve repair failure, and re-operation rates. A cohort of patients undergoing three primary repair techniques—quadrangular resection, edge-to-edge repair, and artificial chordae implantation—was analyzed using time-to-event methods. The overall survival rates at 1, 10, and 20 years were high and comparable among the techniques, indicating effective long-term benefits of MIMVR. However, freedom from recurrence of moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) ≥ 2 was significantly higher in the quadrangular resection and edge-to-edge groups compared to the artificial chordae group. No significant differences were observed for recurrent MR ≥ 3. Re-operation rates were low and similar across all techniques, underscoring the durability of MIMVR. Pre-discharge residual MR ≥ 2 was identified as a strong predictor of long-term repair failure. These findings confirm the effectiveness of MIMVR, with all techniques demonstrating excellent long-term survival and durability.

Published
2024
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24. Features and outcomes of female and male patients requiring postcardiotomy extracorporeal life support

Author

Heuts, Samuel, Conci, Luca, Szalkiewicz, Philipp, Lehmann, Sven, Khalil, Jawad, Obadia, Jean-Francois, Kalampokas, Nikolaos, Jankuviene, Agne, Flecher, Erwan, Reis Miranda, Dinis Dos, Sriranjan, Kogulan, Herr, Daniel, Vedadi, Nazli, Di Eusanio, Marco, MacLaren, Graeme, Ramanathan, Kollengode, Costetti, Alessandro, Schmid, Chistof, Castillo, Roberto, Grus, Tomas, Mikulenka, Vladimir, Solinas, Marco, Mariani, Silvia, Ravaux, Justine Mafalda, van Bussel, Bas C.T., De Piero, Maria Elena, van Kruijk, Sander M.J., Schaefer, Anne-Kristin, Wiedemann, Dominik, Saeed, Diyar, Pozzi, Matteo, Loforte, Antonio, Boeken, Udo, Samalavicius, Robertas, Bounader, Karl, Hou, Xiaotong, Bunge, Jeroen J.H., Buscher, Hergen, Salazar, Leonardo, Meyns, Bart, Mazzeffi, Michael A., Matteucci, Sacha, Sponga, Sandro, Sorokin, Vitaly, Russo, Claudio, Formica, Francesco, Sakiyalak, Pranya, Fiore, Antonio, Camboni, Daniele, Raffa, Giuseppe Maria, Diaz, Rodrigo, Wang, I-wen, Jung, Jae-Seung, Belohlavek, Jan, Pellegrino, Vin, Bianchi, Giacomo, Pettinari, Matteo, Barbone, Alessandro, Garcia, José P., Shekar, Kiran, Whitman, Glenn J.R., and Lorusso, Roberto

Published
2024
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25. Urinary concentrations of phthalate/DINCH metabolites and body mass index among European children and adolescents in the HBM4EU Aligned Studies: A cross-sectional multi-country study

Author

Desalegn, Anteneh, Schillemans, Tessa, Papadopoulou, Eleni, Sakhi, Amrit K., Haug, Line S., Henriette Caspersen, Ida, Rodriguez-Carrillo, Andrea, Remy, Sylvie, Schoeters, Greet, Covaci, Adrian, Laeremans, Michelle, Fernández, Mariana F, Pedraza-Diaz, Susana, Kold Jensen, Tina, Frederiksen, Hanne, Åkesson, Agneta, Cox, Bianca, Cynthia D’Cruz, Shereen, Rambaud, Loïc, Riou, Margaux, Kolossa-Gehring, Marike, Gerofke, Antje, Murawski, Aline, Vogel, Nina, Gabriel, Catherine, Karakitsios, Spyros, Papaioannou, Nafsika, Sarigiannis, Dimosthenis, Barbone, Fabio, Rosolen, Valentina, Lignell, Sanna, Karin Lindroos, Anna, Snoj Tratnik, Janja, Stajnko, Anja, Kosjek, Tina, Tkalec, Žiga, Fabelova, Lucia, Palkovicova Murinova, Lubica, Kolena, Branislav, Wimmerova, Sona, Szigeti, Tamás, Középesy, Szilvia, van den Brand, Annick, Zock, Jan-Paul, Janasik, Beata, Wasowicz, Wojciech, De Decker, Annelies, De Henauw, Stefaan, Govarts, Eva, and Iszatt, Nina

Published
2024
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26. The long Pentraxin PTX3 serves as an early predictive biomarker of co-infections in COVID-19

Author

Accornero, Stefano, Aghemo, Alessio, Ali, Hussam, Angelini, Claudio, Arcari, Ivan, Arosio, Paola, Azzolini, Elena, Baccarin, Alessandra, Badalamenti, Salvatore, Baggio, Sara, Barbagallo, Michela, Barberi, Caterina, Barbic, Franca, Barbieri, Viviana, Barbone, Alessandro, Basciu, Alessio, Bocciolone, Monica, Borea, Federica, Borroni, Mario, Bresciani, Gianluigi, Brunetta, Enrico, Bulletti, Cinzia, Cadonati, Cristina, Calabro', Lorenzo, Calatroni, Marta, Calvetta Albania, Antonietta, Cannata, Francesco, Canziani, Lorenzo, Capretti Giovanni, Luigi, Carlani, Elisa, Carrone, Flaminia, Casana, Maddalena, Cecconi, Maurizio, Ceriotti, Carlo, Ciccarelli, Michele, Cimino, Matteo, Ciuffini, Leonardo, Colaizzi, Chiara, Colapietro, Francesca, Costa, Guido, Cozzi, Ottavia, Craviotto, Vincenzo, Crespi, Chiara, Crippa, Massimo, Da Rio, Leonardo, Dal Farra, Sara, D'Antonio, Federica, De Ambroggi, Guido, De Donato, Massimo, De Lucia, Francesca, De Santis, Maria, Delle Rose, Giacomo, Di Pilla, Marina, Dipaola, Franca, Dipasquale, Andrea, Dipasquale, Angelo, Droandi, Ginevra, Fazio, Roberta, Ferrante, Giuseppe, Ferrara Elisa, Chiara, Ferrari Matteo, Carlo, Ferri, Sebastian, Folci, Marco, Foresti, Sara, Franchi, Eloisa, Fraolini, Elia, Fugazza, Alessandro, Furfaro, Federica, Galimberti, Paola, Galtieri Alessia, Piera, Gavazzi, Francesca, Generali, Elena, Goletti, Benedetta, Guidelli, Giacomo, Jacobs, Flavia, Kurihara, Hayato, Lagioia, Michele, Libre', Luca, Lleo, Ana, Loiacono, Ferdinando, Lughezzani, Giovanni, Maccallini, Marta, Maiorino Alfonso, Francesco, Malesci, Alberto, Mantovani, Riccardo, Marchettini, Davide, Marinello, Arianna, Markopoulos, Nikolaos, Masetti, Chiara, Milani, Angelo, Mirani, Marco, Morelli, Paola, Motta, Francesca, Mundula, Valeria, Nigro, Mattia, Omodei, Paolo, Ormas, Monica, Pagliaro, Arianna, Paliotti, Roberta, Parigi Tommaso, Lorenzo, Pedale, Rosa, Pegoraro, Francesco, Pellegatta, Gaia, Pellegrino, Marta, Petriello, Gennaro, Piccini, Sara, Pocaterra, Daria, Poliani, Laura, Preatoni, Paoletta, Procopio, Fabio, Puggioni, Francesca, Pugliese, Luca, Racca, Francesca, Randazzo, Michele, Regazzoli Lancini, Damiano, Reggiani, Francesco, Rodolfi, Stefano, Ruongo, Lidia, Sacco, Clara, Sandri Maria, Teresa, Savi, Marzia, Scarfo', Iside, Shiffer, Dana, Sicoli, Federico, Solano, Simone, Solitano, Virginia, Stainer, Anna, Stella Matteo, Carlo, Strangio, Giuseppe, Taormina, Antonio, Testoni, Lucia, Tordato, Federica, Trabucco, Angela, Ulian, Luisa, Valentino, Rossella, Valeriano, Chiara, Vena, Walter, Verlingieri, Simona, Vespa, Edoardo, Voza, Antonio, Zanuso, Valentina, Zilli, Alessandra, Anfray, Clement, Belgiovine, Cristina, Bertocchi, Alice, Bombace, Sara, Brescia, Paola, Calcaterra, Francesca, Calvi, Michela, Cancellara, Assunta, Capucetti, Arianna, Carenza, Claudia, Carloni, Sara, Carnevale, Silvia, Cazzetta, Valentina, Coianiz, Nicolò, Darwich, Abbass, Davoudian, Sadaf, De Paoli, Federica, Di Donato, Rachele, Digifico, Elisabeth, Durante, Barbara, Farina Floriana, Maria, Ferrari, Valentina, Fornasa, Giulia, Franzese, Sara, Ghasemi, Somayehsadat, Gil Gomez, Antonio, Giugliano, Silvia, Gomes Ana, Rita, Lizier, Michela, Lo Cascio, Antonino, Melacarne, Alessia, Mozzarelli, Alessandro, My, Ilaria, Oresta, Bianca, Pasqualini, Fabio, Pastò, Anna, Pelamatti, Erica, Perucchini, Chiara, Pozzi, Chiara, Rimoldi, Valeria, Rimoldi, Monica, Scarpa, Alice, Scavello, Francesco, Silvestri, Alessandra, Sironi, Marina, Spadoni, Ilaria, Spano', Salvatore, Spata, Gianmarco, Supino, Domenico, Tentorio, Paolo, Ummarino, Aldo, Valentino, Sonia, Zaghi, Elisa, Zanon, Veronica, Mapelli, Sarah N., Nappi, Emanuele, García Martín, Ian David, Leone, Roberto, Angelotti, Giovanni, Zhong, Hang, Magrini, Elena, Stravalaci, Matteo, Protti, Alessandro, Santini, Alessandro, Costantini, Elena, Savevski, Victor, Bottazzi, Barbara, Bartoletti, Michele, Mantovani, Alberto, and Garlanda, Cecilia

Published
2024
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28. Determinants of exposure to acrylamide in European children and adults based on urinary biomarkers: results from the “European Human Biomonitoring Initiative” HBM4EU participating studies

Author

F. Fernández, Sandra, Poteser, Michael, Govarts, Eva, Pardo, Olga, Coscollà, Clara, Schettgen, Thomas, Vogel, Nina, Weber, Till, Murawski, Aline, Kolossa-Gehring, Marike, Rüther, Maria, Schmidt, Phillipp, Namorado, Sónia, Van Nieuwenhuyse, An, Appenzeller, Brice, Ólafsdóttir, Kristín, Halldorsson, Thorhallur I., Haug, Line S., Thomsen, Cathrine, Barbone, Fabio, Mariuz, Marika, Rosolen, Valentina, Rambaud, Loïc, Riou, Margaux, Göen, Thomas, Nübler, Stefanie, Schäfer, Moritz, Zarrabi, Karin H. A., Sepai, Ovnair, Martin, Laura Rodriguez, Schoeters, Greet, Gilles, Liese, Leander, Karin, Moshammer, Hanns, Akesson, Agneta, and Laguzzi, Federica

Published
2023
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29. Tuning the Optical Properties of an MoSe$_2$ Monolayer Using Nanoscale Plasmonic Antennas

Author

Petrić, Marko M., Kremser, Malte, Barbone, Matteo, Nolinder, Anna, Lyamkina, Anna, Stier, Andreas V., Kaniber, Michael, Müller, Kai, and Finley, Jonathan J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Nanoplasmonic systems combined with optically-active two-dimensional materials provide intriguing opportunities to explore and control light-matter interactions at extreme sub-wavelength lengthscales approaching the exciton Bohr radius. Here, we present room- and cryogenic-temperature investigations of light-matter interactions between an MoSe$_2$ monolayer and individual lithographically defined gold dipole nanoantennas having sub-10 nm feed gaps. By progressively tuning the nanoantenna size, their dipolar resonance is tuned relative to the A-exciton transition in a proximal MoSe$_2$ monolayer achieving a total tuning of $\sim 130\;\mathrm{meV}$. Differential reflectance measurements performed on $> 100$ structures reveal an apparent avoided crossing between exciton and dipolar mode and an exciton-plasmon coupling constant of $g= 55\;\mathrm{meV}$, representing $g/(\hbar\omega_X)\geq3\%$ of the transition energy. This places our hybrid system in the intermediate-coupling regime where spectra exhibit a characteristic Fano-like shape, indicative of the interplay between pronounced light-matter coupling and significant damping. We also demonstrate active control of the optical response by varying the polarization of the excitation light to programmably suppress coupling to the dipole mode. We further study the emerging optical signatures of the monolayer localized at dipole nanoantennas at $10\;\mathrm{K}$. Our findings represent a key step towards realizing non-linear photonic devices based on 2D materials with potential for low-energy and ultrafast performance., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02676

Published
2021
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30. Associations between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites with BDNF and Behavioral Function among European Children from Five HBM4EU Aligned Studies

Author

Elena Salamanca-Fernández, Lydia Espín-Moreno, Alicia Olivas-Martínez, Ainhoa Pérez-Cantero, José L. Martín-Rodríguez, Rafael M. Poyatos, Fabio Barbone, Valentina Rosolen, Marika Mariuz, Luca Ronfani, Ľubica Palkovičová Murínová, Lucia Fábelová, Tamás Szigeti, Réka Kakucs, Amrit K. Sakhi, Line S. Haug, Birgitte Lindeman, Janja Snoj Tratnik, Tina Kosjek, Griet Jacobs, Stefan Voorspoels, Helena Jurdáková, Renáta Górová, Ida Petrovičová, Branislav Kolena, Marta Esteban, Susana Pedraza-Díaz, Marike Kolossa-Gehring, Sylvie Remy, Eva Govarts, Greet Schoeters, Mariana F. Fernández, and Vicente Mustieles

Subjects
phthalate, behavior, BDNF, effect biomarker, exposure biomarker, HBM4EU, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Based on toxicological evidence, children’s exposure to phthalates may contribute to altered neurodevelopment and abnormal regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We analyzed data from five aligned studies of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) project. Ten phthalate metabolites and protein BDNF levels were measured in the urine samples of 1148 children aged 6–12 years from Italy (NACII-IT cohort), Slovakia (PCB-SK cohort), Hungary (InAirQ-HU cohort) and Norway (NEBII-NO). Serum BDNF was also available in 124 Slovenian children (CRP-SLO cohort). Children’s total, externalizing and internalizing behavioral problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist at 7 years of age (only available in the NACII-IT cohort). Adjusted linear and negative binomial regression models were fitted, together with weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models to assess phthalate mixture associations. Results showed that, in boys but not girls of the NACII-IT cohort, each natural-log-unit increase in mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) was cross-sectionally associated with higher externalizing problems [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.42 and 1.26; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.55, respectively]. A suggestive mixture association with externalizing problems was also observed per each tertile mixture increase in the whole population (WQS—IRR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.36) and boys (IRR = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.49). In NACII-IT, PCB-SK, InAirQ-HU and NEBII-NO cohorts together, urinary phthalate metabolites were strongly associated with higher urinary BDNF levels, with WQS regression confirming a mixture association in the whole population (percent change (PC) = 25.9%; 95% CI: 17.6, 34.7), in girls (PC = 18.6%; 95% CI: 7.92, 30.5) and mainly among boys (PC = 36.0%; 95% CI: 24.3, 48.9). Among CRP-SLO boys, each natural-log-unit increase in ∑DINCH concentration was associated with lower serum BDNF levels (PC: −8.8%; 95% CI: −16.7, −0.3). In the NACII-IT cohort, each natural-log-unit increase in urinary BDNF levels predicted worse internalizing scores among all children (IRR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.32). Results suggest that (1) children’s exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites is associated with more externalizing problems in boys, (2) higher exposure to DINCH may associate with lower systemic BDNF levels in boys, (3) higher phthalate exposure is associated with higher urinary BDNF concentrations (although caution is needed since the possibility of a “urine concentration bias” that could also explain these associations in noncausal terms was identified) and (4) higher urinary BDNF concentrations may predict internalizing problems. Given this is the first study to examine the relationship between phthalate metabolite exposure and BDNF biomarkers, future studies are needed to validate the observed associations.

Published
2024
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32. Distributed large-scale graph processing on FPGAs

Author

Amin Sahebi, Marco Barbone, Marco Procaccini, Wayne Luk, Georgi Gaydadjiev, and Roberto Giorgi

Subjects
Graph processing, Distributed computing, Grid partitioning, FPGA, Accelerators, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895, Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

Abstract Processing large-scale graphs is challenging due to the nature of the computation that causes irregular memory access patterns. Managing such irregular accesses may cause significant performance degradation on both CPUs and GPUs. Thus, recent research trends propose graph processing acceleration with Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). FPGAs are programmable hardware devices that can be fully customised to perform specific tasks in a highly parallel and efficient manner. However, FPGAs have a limited amount of on-chip memory that cannot fit the entire graph. Due to the limited device memory size, data needs to be repeatedly transferred to and from the FPGA on-chip memory, which makes data transfer time dominate over the computation time. A possible way to overcome the FPGA accelerators’ resource limitation is to engage a multi-FPGA distributed architecture and use an efficient partitioning scheme. Such a scheme aims to increase data locality and minimise communication between different partitions. This work proposes an FPGA processing engine that overlaps, hides and customises all data transfers so that the FPGA accelerator is fully utilised. This engine is integrated into a framework for using FPGA clusters and is able to use an offline partitioning method to facilitate the distribution of large-scale graphs. The proposed framework uses Hadoop at a higher level to map a graph to the underlying hardware platform. The higher layer of computation is responsible for gathering the blocks of data that have been pre-processed and stored on the host’s file system and distribute to a lower layer of computation made of FPGAs. We show how graph partitioning combined with an FPGA architecture will lead to high performance, even when the graph has Millions of vertices and Billions of edges. In the case of the PageRank algorithm, widely used for ranking the importance of nodes in a graph, compared to state-of-the-art CPU and GPU solutions, our implementation is the fastest, achieving a speedup of 13 compared to 8 and 3 respectively. Moreover, in the case of the large-scale graphs, the GPU solution fails due to memory limitations while the CPU solution achieves a speedup of 12 compared to the 26x achieved by our FPGA solution. Other state-of-the-art FPGA solutions are 28 times slower than our proposed solution. When the size of a graph limits the performance of a single FPGA device, our performance model shows that using multi-FPGAs in a distributed system can further improve the performance by about 12x. This highlights our implementation efficiency for large datasets not fitting in the on-chip memory of a hardware device.

Published
2023
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33. Raman spectrum of Janus transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers WSSe and MoSSe

Author

Petrić, Marko M., Kremser, Malte, Barbone, Matteo, Qin, Ying, Sayyad, Yasir, Shen, Yuxia, Tongay, Sefaattin, Finley, Jonathan J., Botello-Méndez, Andrés R., and Müller, Kai

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) lose the horizontal mirror symmetry of ordinary TMDs, leading to the emergence of additional features, such as native piezoelectricity, Rashba effect, and enhanced catalytic activity. While Raman spectroscopy is an essential nondestructive, phase- and composition-sensitive tool to monitor the synthesis of materials, a comprehensive study of the Raman spectrum of Janus monolayers is still missing. Here, we discuss the Raman spectra of WSSe and MoSSe measured at room and cryogenic temperatures, near and off resonance. By combining polarization-resolved Raman data with calculations of the phonon dispersion and using symmetry considerations, we identify the four first-order Raman modes and higher-order two-phonon modes. Moreover, we observe defect-activated phonon processes, which provide a route toward a quantitative assessment of the defect concentration and, thus, the crystal quality of the materials synthesized. Our work establishes a solid background for future research on material synthesis, study, and application of Janus TMD monolayers., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Published
2020
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35. Síndrome de Prune Belly com fístula vesicocutânea: relato de caso raro e revisão da literatura

Author

Debora Leticia Silva Gouvêa Viana, Naara Rafaela Gonçalves, Álvaro Henrique Anghietti Nalon, Michel Correia Viana, Rúbia Cecília Barbone e Melo, Ítalo Guilherme Giarola de Freitas Mariano, Raquel Ida Ferreira, Thais Silva Maia, and Paula Silva Maia

Subjects
prune belly syndrome, cryptorchidism, acute kidney injury, infan, newborn, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Prune Belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare complex malformation that preferentially affects male newborns. It presents with a wide spectrum of alterations that include abdominal muscle deficiency, varying degrees of renal dysplasia and urinary tract obstruction, in addition to bilateral cryptorchidism. In general, it is associated with other developmental anomalies, mainly of cardiac, pulmonary and gastrointestinal origin. Despite numerous advances in the treatment of complex malformations, morbidity and mortality in PBS remains high, due to early renal failure and associated malformations. This is a case report of a male newborn, inserted in a complex social context, born by vaginal delivery, premature, with a gestational age of 36 weeks and 1 day. At the initial assessment in the delivery room, he presented: male external genitalia, bilateral cryptorchidism, flabby and hollowed abdomen, parchment skin suggestive of the absence of abdominal muscles, mild respiratory effort and bradycardia. He received positive pressure ventilation and was referred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (UTIn) where a vesicocutaneous fistula and renal failure were found, despite the vesicostomy, progressing to death at 1 month and 1 day of chronological age. Complex congenital malformations, such as PBS, require individualized assessment so that better postnatal results are achieved. However, the limitation of therapeutic care must be carefully evaluated, considering the great morbidity that accompanies these patients. This article aims to describe a rare case of PBS, detailing the evolution of patients with this malformation.

Published
2023
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36. The importance of timing in postcardiotomy venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A descriptive multicenter observational study

Author

Ravaux, Justine, Schaefer, Ann-Kristin, Conci, Luca, Szalkiewicz, Philipp, Khalil, Jawad, Lehmann, Sven, Obadia, Jean-Francois, Kalampokas, Nikolaos, Flecher, Erwan, Miranda, Dinis Dos Reis, Sriranjan, Kogulan, Mazzeffi, Michael A., Vedadi, Nazli, Di Eusanio, Marco, MacLaren, Graeme, Sorokin, Vitaly, Costetti, Alessandro, Schmid, Chistof, Castillo, Roberto, Mikulenka, Vladimir, Solinas, Marco, Mariani, Silvia, Wang, I-wen, van Bussel, Bas C.T., Heuts, Samuel, Wiedemann, Dominik, Saeed, Diyar, van der Horst, Iwan C.C., Pozzi, Matteo, Loforte, Antonio, Boeken, Udo, Samalavicius, Robertas, Bounader, Karl, Hou, Xiaotong, Bunge, Jeroen J.H., Buscher, Hergen, Salazar, Leonardo, Meyns, Bart, Herr, Daniel, Matteucci, Sacha, Sponga, Sandro, Ramanathan, Kollengode, Russo, Claudio, Formica, Francesco, Sakiyalak, Pranya, Fiore, Antonio, Camboni, Daniele, Raffa, Giuseppe Maria, Diaz, Rodrigo, Jung, Jae-Seung, Belohlavek, Jan, Pellegrino, Vin, Bianchi, Giacomo, Pettinari, Matteo, Barbone, Alessandro, Garcia, José P., Shekar, Kiran, Whitman, Glenn, and Lorusso, Roberto

Published
2023
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37. Cenicriviroc for the treatment of COVID-19: first interim results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, investigator-initiated, double-blind phase II trial

Author

Florian Kurth, Elisa T. Helbig, Lena J. Lippert, Charlotte Thibeault, Gianluca Barbone, Marius A. Eckart, Martin Kluge, Tobias Puengel, Münevver Demir, Robert Röhle, Theresa Keller, Christoph Ruwwe-Glösenkamp, Martin Witzenrath, Norbert Suttorp, Christof von Kalle, Leif E. Sander, Christoph Jochum, and Frank Tacke

Subjects
Cenicriviroc, COVID-19, Clinical trial, SARS-CoV-2, ARDS, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Objectives: C-C-chemokine receptors (CCRs) are expressed on a variety of immune cells and play an important role in many immune processes, particularly leukocyte migration. Comprehensive preclinical research demonstrated CCR2/CCR5-dependent pathways as pivotal for the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19. Here we report human data on use of a chemokine receptor inhibitor in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Interim results of a 2:1 randomised, placebo-controlled, investigator-initiated trial on the CCR2/CCR5-inhibitor Cenicriviroc (CVC) 150 mg BID orally for 28 d in hospitalised patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 are reported. The primary endpoint is the subject's responder status defined by achieving grade 1 or 2 on the 7-point ordinal scale of clinical improvement on day 15. Results: Of the 30 patients randomised, 18 were assigned to receive CVC and 12 to placebo. Efficient CCR2- and CCR5 inhibition was demonstrated through CCL2 and CCL4 elevation in CVC-treated patients (485% and 80% increase on day 3 compared to the baseline, respectively). In the modified intention-to-treat population, 82.4% of patients (14/17) in the CVC group met the primary endpoint, as did 91.7% (11/12) in the placebo group (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.04–3.41). One patient treated with CVC died of progressive acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the remaining had a favourable outcome. Overall, treatment with CVC was well tolerated, with most adverse events being grade I or II and resolving spontaneously. Conclusions: Our interim analysis provides proof-of-concept data on CVC for COVID-19 patients as an intervention to inhibit CCR2/CCR5. Further studies are warranted to assess its clinical efficacy.

Published
2023
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38. Towards sustainable marine spatial planning of aquaculture

Author

Petrosillo, Irene, Scardia Scardia, Angela Maria, Ungaro, Nicola, Specchiulli, Antonietta, Fanelli, Giovanni, Centoducati, Gerardo, De Serio, Francesca, Carlucci, Roberto, Valente, Donatella, Barbone, Enrico, Pini, Agnese, Giannuzzi, Cosimo Gaspare, Scirocco, Tommaso, Lovello, Erica Maria, Deflorio, Michele, Lillo, Antonio Oscar, De Padova, Diana, Papa, Loredana, Goffredo, Elisa, Mancini, Maria Emanuela, and Mossa, Michele

Published
2023
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40. Towards sustainable marine spatial planning of aquaculture

Author

Irene Petrosillo, Angela Maria Scardia Scardia, Nicola Ungaro, Antonietta Specchiulli, Giovanni Fanelli, Gerardo Centoducati, Francesca De Serio, Roberto Carlucci, Donatella Valente, Enrico Barbone, Agnese Pini, Cosimo Gaspare Giannuzzi, Tommaso Scirocco, Erica Maria Lovello, Michele Deflorio, Antonio Oscar Lillo, Diana De Padova, Loredana Papa, Elisa Goffredo, Maria Emanuela Mancini, and Michele Mossa

Subjects
Sustainability, Complex coastal systems, Environmental indicators, Suitability index, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

An efficient and adaptive strategy within the EU Marine Spatial Planning Directive has to manage the existing and increasing conflicts between human uses and habitat conservation in coastal-marine areas. Among the different human activities developed along the coasts, aquaculture occupies a primary role. In this context, the aims of this research have been: (1) to propose a conceptual model suitable for aquaculture marine spatial planning; (2) to collect and integrate indicators useful for the characterization of the study area in terms of socio-ecological-economic sensitivities and pressures; and (3) to identify and map the most suitable areas for the development of new fish and shellfish farms. The study area is the Apulia Region (Southern Italy) with a coastline of about 1,000 km, in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, and characterized by several economic activities within a high value natural context. The evaluation of area’s suitability for fish and shellfish farms have been carried out through the ecological characterization of the coastal areas, the identification of the socio-economic, ecological, cultural, and legal-military constraints and the estimate of the “Suitability Index” that, through a Weighted Linear Combination, integrates environmental variables and allows to classify areas as “Highly Suitable”, “Suitable” or “Unsuitable”. The “highly suitable areas” for new fish and shellfish farms are mainly located in northernmost of the Southern Adriatic Sea along the Gargano coast and in the Gulf of Manfredonia, whilst concerning the Northern Ionian Sea they are at a mean distance of 5 Km from the shoreline. The suitability maps have shown that existing fish farms are in line with their suitable areas but, surprisingly, this has seemed not to be true for shellfish farms. This can be explained by the fact that these aquaculture activities have traditionally been present in some areas (e.g., Taranto Seas), currently strongly impacted by human activities. This research has highlighted that despite aquaculture is generally conceived as an environmental impacting activity, it could be also impacted by other environmental and/or anthropic stressors (i.e., industrial ports, sewage discharges). Considering all these elements, the present research addresses decision-makers, providing information and tools necessary to plan in a more aware way, and also stakeholders interested in investing in the aquaculture sector, who could benefit from the proposed suitability maps for fish and shellfish farms for a sustainable development of this sector.

Published
2023
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41. Discrete Interactions between a few Interlayer Excitons Trapped at a MoSe$_2$-WSe$_2$ Heterointerface

Author

Kremser, Malte, Brotons-Gisbert, Mauro, Knörzer, Johannes, Gückelhorn, Janine, Meyer, Moritz, Barbone, Matteo, Stier, Andreas V., Gerardot, Brian D., Müller, Kai, and Finley, Jonathan J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Interlayer excitons (IXs) in hetero-bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) represent an exciting emergent class of long-lived dipolar composite bosons in an atomically thin, near-ideal two-dimensional (2D) system. The long-range interactions that arise from the spatial separation of electrons and holes can give rise to novel quantum, as well as classical multi-particle correlation effects. In order to acquire a detailed understanding of the possible many-body effects, the fundamental interactions between individual IXs have to be studied. Here, we trap a tunable number of dipolar within a nanoscale confinement potential induced by placing a MoSe$_2$-WSe$_2$ hetero-bilayer (HBL) onto an array of SiO$_2$ nanopillars. We control the mean occupation of the IX trap via the optical excitation level and observe discrete sharp-line emission from different configurations of interacting IXs. We identify these features as different multiparticle states with $N_{IX}\sim1-5$ via their power dependencies and directly measure the hierarchy of dipolar and exchange interactions as $N_{IX}$ increases. The interlayer biexciton ($N_{IX}=2$) is found to be an emission doublet that is blue-shifted from the single exciton by $\Delta E=(8.4\pm0.6)$ meV and split by $2J=(1.2\pm0.5)$ meV. The blueshift is even more pronounced for triexcitons ($(12.4\pm0.4)$ meV), quadexcitons ($(15.5\pm0.6)$ meV) and quintexcitons ($(18.2\pm0.8)$ meV). These values are shown to be mutually consistent with numerical modelling of dipolar excitons confined to a harmonic trapping potential having a confinement lengthscale in the range $\ell\approx 3$ nm. Our results contribute to the understanding of interactions between IXs in TMD HBLs at the discrete limit of only a few excitations and represent a key step towards exploring quantum correlations between them., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures plus Supplementary Information (19 pages, 11 pages)

Published
2019
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42. The Relation Between Obesity and Mortality in Postcardiotomy Venoarterial Membrane Oxygenation

Author

Ravaux, Justine, di Mauro, Michele, Schaefer, Ann-Kristin, Conci, Luca, Szalkiewicz, Philipp, Khalil, Jawad, Lehmann, Sven, Obadia, Jean-Francois, Kalampokas, Nikolaos, Flecher, Erwan, Reis Miranda, Dinis Dos, Buscher, Hergen, Herr, Daniel, Vedadi, Nazli, Di Eusanio, Marco, Maclaren, Graeme, Ramanathan, Ram, Costetti, Alessandro, Schmid, Chistof, Castillo, Roberto, Mikulenka, Vladimir, Solinas, Marco, Heuts, Samuel, Mariani, Silvia, van Bussel, Bas C.T., Boeken, Udo, Samalavicius, Robertas, Bounader, Karl, Hou, Xiaotong, Bunge, Jeroen J.H., Sriranjan, Kogulan, Wiedemann, Dominik, Saeed, Diyar, Pozzi, Matteo, Loforte, Antonio, Salazar, Leonardo, Meyns, Bart, Mazzeffi, Michael A., Matteucci, Sacha, Sponga, Sandro, Sorokin, Vitaly, Russo, Claudio, Formica, Francesco, Sakiyalak, Pranya, Fiore, Antonio, Camboni, Daniele, Raffa, Giuseppe Maria, Diaz, Rodrigo, Wang, I-wen, Jung, Jae-Seung, Belohlavek, Jan, Pellegrino, Vin, Bianchi, Giacomo, Pettinari, Matteo, Barbone, Alessandro, Garcia, José P., Shekar, Kiran, Whitman, Glenn, and Lorusso, Roberto

Published
2023
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44. Development of a High-Precision and Flexible Model for Accurate Simulation of Trolleybus Grids

Author

Riccardo Barbone, Riccardo Mandrioli, Mattia Ricco, and Gabriele Grandi

Subjects
Catenary model, circuit modelling, electric mobility, motion-based model, smart DC grid, trolleybus, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The reduction of climate-changing emissions is vital, particularly in urban areas. To achieve this goal, the decarbonization of the transport sector is decisive. Trolleybus systems represent a solution towards sustainability as long as the integration of the electrical infrastructure with renewable sources as well as the introduction of full-electric fleets are actualized. To ensure a smart electrical transition the circuit modelling phase is crucial and must enable the most accurate simulations possible. The modularity of the catenary model and a versatile graphical user interface, which allows extensive topological change flexibility, distinguish the novel trolleybus network simulator presented in this study. The model completes the gaps left by earlier block-based simulation tools with its high precision and low processing effort. The suggested model’s enhancement in precision is evidenced by a graphical study of the voltage distribution examined in a Section of Bologna’s trolleybus grid. Finally, albeit non-iterative and thus computationally even cheaper, the proposed model is applicable for the simulation of more complex realistic scenarios involving the non-linearity of the equivalent power grid. The article will show satisfactory results on the convergence of the simulator.

Published
2023
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47. Accelerating Large-Scale Graph Processing with FPGAs: Lesson Learned and Future Directions

Author

Marco Procaccini and Amin Sahebi and Marco Barbone and Wayne Luk and Georgi Gaydadjiev and Roberto Giorgi, Procaccini, Marco, Sahebi, Amin, Barbone, Marco, Luk, Wayne, Gaydadjiev, Georgi, Giorgi, Roberto, Marco Procaccini and Amin Sahebi and Marco Barbone and Wayne Luk and Georgi Gaydadjiev and Roberto Giorgi, Procaccini, Marco, Sahebi, Amin, Barbone, Marco, Luk, Wayne, Gaydadjiev, Georgi, and Giorgi, Roberto

Abstract

Processing graphs on a large scale presents a range of difficulties, including irregular memory access patterns, device memory limitations, and the need for effective partitioning in distributed systems, all of which can lead to performance problems on traditional architectures such as CPUs and GPUs. To address these challenges, recent research emphasizes the use of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) within distributed frameworks, harnessing the power of FPGAs in a distributed environment for accelerated graph processing. This paper examines the effectiveness of a multi-FPGA distributed architecture in combination with a partitioning system to improve data locality and reduce inter-partition communication. Utilizing Hadoop at a higher level, the framework maps the graph to the hardware, efficiently distributing pre-processed data to FPGAs. The FPGA processing engine, integrated into a cluster framework, optimizes data transfers, using offline partitioning for large-scale graph distribution. A first evaluation of the framework is based on the popular PageRank algorithm, which assigns a value to each node in a graph based on its importance. In the realm of large-scale graphs, the single FPGA solution outperformed the GPU solution that were restricted by memory capacity and surpassing CPU speedup by 26x compared to 12x. Moreover, when a single FPGA device was limited due to the size of the graph, our performance model showed that a distributed system with multiple FPGAs could increase performance by around 12x. This highlights the effectiveness of our solution for handling large datasets that surpass on-chip memory restrictions.

Published
2024
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48. On-Support and Post-Weaning Mortality in Post-Cardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Author

Mariani, Silvia, Schaefer, Anne-Kristin, van Bussel, Bas C.T., Di Mauro, Michele, Conci, Luca, Szalkiewicz, Philipp, De Piero, Maria Elena, Heuts, Samuel, Ravaux, Justine, van der Horst, Iwan C.C., Saeed, Diyar, Pozzi, Matteo, Loforte, Antonio, Boeken, Udo, Samalavicius, Robertas, Bounader, Karl, Hou, Xiaotong, Bunge, Jeroen J.H., Buscher, Hergen, Salazar, Leonardo, Meyns, Bart, Herr, Daniel, Matteucci, Sacha, Sponga, Sandro, MacLaren, Graeme, Russo, Claudio, Formica, Francesco, Sakiyalak, Pranya, Fiore, Antonio, Camboni, Daniele, Raffa, Giuseppe Maria, Diaz, Rodrigo, Wang, I-wen, Jung, Jae-Seung, Belohlavek, Jan, Pellegrino, Vin, Bianchi, Giacomo, Pettinari, Matteo, Barbone, Alessandro, Garcia, José P., Whitman, Glenn, Shekar, Kiran, Wiedemann, Dominik, and Lorusso, Roberto

Published
2023
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49. Erratum to: Searches for long-lived charged particles in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{\textrm{s}} $$ = 7 and 8 TeV

Author

The CMS collaboration, S. Chatrchyan, V. Khachatryan, A. M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, J. Erö, C. Fabjan, M. Friedl, R. Frühwirth, V. M. Ghete, N. Hörmann, J. Hrubec, M. Jeitler, W. Kiesenhofer, V. Knünz, M. Krammer, I. Krätschmer, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, D. Rabady, B. Rahbaran, C. Rohringer, H. Rohringer, R. Schöfbeck, J. Strauss, A. Taurok, W. Treberer-Treberspurg, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, V. Mossolov, N. Shumeiko, J. Suarez Gonzalez, S. Alderweireldt, M. Bansal, S. Bansal, T. Cornelis, E. A. De Wolf, X. Janssen, A. Knutsson, S. Luyckx, L. Mucibello, S. Ochesanu, B. Roland, R. Rougny, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, N. Van Remortel, A. Van Spilbeeck, F. Blekman, S. Blyweert, J. D’Hondt, A. Kalogeropoulos, J. Keaveney, M. Maes, A. Olbrechts, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, G. P. Van Onsem, I. Villella, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, L. Favart, A. P. R. Gay, T. Hreus, A. Léonard, P. E. Marage, A. Mohammadi, L. Perniè, T. Reis, T. Seva, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, J. Wang, V. Adler, K. Beernaert, L. Benucci, A. Cimmino, S. Costantini, S. Dildick, G. Garcia, B. Klein, J. Lellouch, A. Marinov, J. Mccartin, A. A. Ocampo Rios, D. Ryckbosch, M. Sigamani, N. Strobbe, F. Thyssen, M. Tytgat, S. Walsh, E. Yazgan, N. Zaganidis, S. Basegmez, C. Beluffi, G. Bruno, R. Castello, A. Caudron, L. Ceard, C. Delaere, T. du Pree, D. Favart, L. Forthomme, A. Giammanco, J. Hollar, P. Jez, V. Lemaitre, J. Liao, O. Militaru, C. Nuttens, D. Pagano, A. Pin, K. Piotrzkowski, A. Popov, M. Selvaggi, J. M. Vizan Garcia, N. Beliy, T. Caebergs, E. Daubie, G. H. Hammad, G. A. Alves, M. Correa Martins Junior, T. Martins, M. E. Pol, M. H. G. Souza, W. L. Aldá Júnior, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, A. Custódio, E. M. Da Costa, D. De Jesus Damiao, C. De Oliveira Martins, S. Fonseca De Souza, H. Malbouisson, M. Malek, D. Matos Figueiredo, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, W. L. Prado Da Silva, A. Santoro, A. Sznajder, E. J. Tonelli Manganote, A. Vilela Pereira, C. A. Bernardes, F. A. Dias, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E. M. Gregores, C. Lagana, F. Marinho, P. G. Mercadante, S. F. Novaes, Sandra S. Padula, V. Genchev, P. Iaydjiev, S. Piperov, M. Rodozov, G. Sultanov, M. Vutova, A. Dimitrov, R. Hadjiiska, V. Kozhuharov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, J. G. Bian, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, C. H. Jiang, D. Liang, S. Liang, X. Meng, J. Tao, X. Wang, Z. Wang, H. Xiao, M. Xu, C. Asawatangtrakuldee, Y. Ban, Y. Guo, W. Li, S. Liu, Y. Mao, S. J. Qian, H. Teng, D. Wang, L. Zhang, W. Zou, C. Avila, C. A. Carrillo Montoya, J. P. Gomez, B. Gomez Moreno, J. C. Sanabria, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, R. Plestina, D. Polic, I. Puljak, Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac, V. Brigljevic, S. Duric, K. Kadija, J. Luetic, D. Mekterovic, S. Morovic, L. Tikvica, A. Attikis, G. Mavromanolakis, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P. A. Razis, M. Finger, Y. Assran, A. Ellithi Kamel, M. A. Mahmoud, A. Mahrous, A. Radi, M. Kadastik, M. Müntel, M. Murumaa, M. Raidal, L. Rebane, A. Tiko, P. Eerola, G. Fedi, M. Voutilainen, J. Härkönen, V. Karimäki, R. Kinnunen, M. J. Kortelainen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, P. Luukka, T. Mäenpää, T. Peltola, E. Tuominen, J. Tuominiemi, E. Tuovinen, L. Wendland, A. Korpela, T. Tuuva, M. Besancon, S. Choudhury, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, B. Fabbro, J. L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, A. Givernaud, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry, E. Locci, J. Malcles, L. Millischer, A. Nayak, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, M. Titov, S. Baffioni, F. Beaudette, L. Benhabib, L. Bianchini, M. Bluj, P. Busson, C. Charlot, N. Daci, T. Dahms, M. Dalchenko, L. Dobrzynski, A. Florent, R. Granier de Cassagnac, M. Haguenauer, P. Miné, C. Mironov, I. N. Naranjo, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, P. Paganini, D. Sabes, R. Salerno, Y. Sirois, C. Veelken, A. Zabi, J.-L. Agram, J. Andrea, D. Bloch, D. Bodin, J.-M. Brom, E. C. Chabert, C. Collard, E. Conte, F. Drouhin, J.-C. Fontaine, D. Gelé, U. Goerlach, C. Goetzmann, P. Juillot, A.-C. Le Bihan, P. Van Hove, S. Gadrat, S. Beauceron, N. Beaupere, G. Boudoul, S. Brochet, J. Chasserat, R. Chierici, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, B. Ille, T. Kurca, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, S. Perries, L. Sgandurra, V. Sordini, Y. Tschudi, M. Vander Donckt, P. Verdier, S. Viret, Z. Tsamalaidze, C. Autermann, S. Beranek, B. Calpas, M. Edelhoff, L. Feld, N. Heracleous, O. Hindrichs, K. Klein, A. Ostapchuk, A. Perieanu, F. Raupach, J. Sammet, S. Schael, D. Sprenger, H. Weber, B. Wittmer, V. Zhukov, M. Ata, J. Caudron, E. Dietz-Laursonn, D. Duchardt, M. Erdmann, R. Fischer, A. Güth, T. Hebbeker, C. Heidemann, K. Hoepfner, D. Klingebiel, P. Kreuzer, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, M. Olschewski, K. Padeken, P. Papacz, H. Pieta, H. Reithler, S. A. Schmitz, L. Sonnenschein, J. Steggemann, D. Teyssier, S. Thüer, M. Weber, V. Cherepanov, Y. Erdogan, G. Flügge, H. Geenen, M. Geisler, W. Haj Ahmad, F. Hoehle, B. Kargoll, T. Kress, Y. Kuessel, J. Lingemann, A. Nowack, I. M. Nugent, L. Perchalla, O. Pooth, A. Stahl, M. Aldaya Martin, I. Asin, N. Bartosik, J. Behr, W. Behrenhoff, U. Behrens, M. Bergholz, A. Bethani, K. Borras, A. Burgmeier, A. Cakir, L. Calligaris, A. Campbell, F. Costanza, C. Diez Pardos, S. Dooling, T. Dorland, G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, G. Flucke, A. Geiser, I. Glushkov, P. Gunnellini, S. Habib, J. Hauk, G. Hellwig, H. Jung, M. Kasemann, P. Katsas, C. Kleinwort, H. Kluge, M. Krämer, D. Krücker, E. Kuznetsova, W. Lange, J. Leonard, K. Lipka, W. Lohmann, B. Lutz, R. Mankel, I. Marfin, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, A. B. Meyer, J. Mnich, A. Mussgiller, S. Naumann-Emme, O. Novgorodova, F. Nowak, J. Olzem, H. Perrey, A. Petrukhin, D. Pitzl, R. Placakyte, A. Raspereza, P. M. Ribeiro Cipriano, C. Riedl, E. Ron, M. Ö. Sahin, J. Salfeld-Nebgen, R. Schmidt, T. Schoerner-Sadenius, N. Sen, M. Stein, R. Walsh, C. Wissing, V. Blobel, H. Enderle, J. Erfle, U. Gebbert, M. Görner, M. Gosselink, J. Haller, K. Heine, R. S. Höing, G. Kaussen, H. Kirschenmann, R. Klanner, R. Kogler, J. Lange, I. Marchesini, T. Peiffer, N. Pietsch, D. Rathjens, C. Sander, H. Schettler, P. Schleper, E. Schlieckau, A. Schmidt, M. Schröder, T. Schum, M. Seidel, J. Sibille, V. Sola, H. Stadie, G. Steinbrück, J. Thomsen, D. Troendle, L. Vanelderen, C. Barth, C. Baus, J. Berger, C. Böser, T. Chwalek, W. De Boer, A. Descroix, A. Dierlamm, M. Feindt, M. Guthoff, C. Hackstein, F. Hartmann, T. Hauth, M. Heinrich, H. Held, K. H. Hoffmann, U. Husemann, I. Katkov, J. R. Komaragiri, A. Kornmayer, P. Lobelle Pardo, D. Martschei, S. Mueller, Th. Müller, M. Niegel, A. Nürnberg, O. Oberst, J. Ott, G. Quast, K. Rabbertz, F. Ratnikov, S. Röcker, F.-P. Schilling, G. Schott, H. J. Simonis, F. M. Stober, R. Ulrich, J. Wagner-Kuhr, S. Wayand, T. Weiler, M. Zeise, G. Anagnostou, G. Daskalakis, T. Geralis, S. Kesisoglou, A. Kyriakis, D. Loukas, A. Markou, C. Markou, E. Ntomari, L. Gouskos, T. J. Mertzimekis, A. Panagiotou, N. Saoulidou, E. Stiliaris, X. Aslanoglou, I. Evangelou, G. Flouris, C. Foudas, P. Kokkas, N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, E. Paradas, G. Bencze, C. Hajdu, P. Hidas, D. Horvath, B. Radics, F. Sikler, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, A. J. Zsigmond, N. Beni, S. Czellar, J. Molnar, J. Palinkas, Z. Szillasi, J. Karancsi, P. Raics, Z. L. Trocsanyi, B. Ujvari, S. B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, N. Dhingra, R. Gupta, M. Kaur, M. Z. Mehta, M. Mittal, N. Nishu, L. K. Saini, A. Sharma, J. B. Singh, Ashok Kumar, Arun Kumar, S. Ahuja, A. Bhardwaj, B. C. Choudhary, S. Malhotra, M. Naimuddin, K. Ranjan, P. Saxena, V. Sharma, R. K. Shivpuri, S. Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya, K. Chatterjee, S. Dutta, B. Gomber, Sa. Jain, Sh. Jain, R. Khurana, A. Modak, S. Mukherjee, D. Roy, S. Sarkar, M. Sharan, A. Abdulsalam, D. Dutta, S. Kailas, V. Kumar, A. K. Mohanty, L. M. Pant, P. Shukla, A. Topkar, T. Aziz, R. M. Chatterjee, S. Ganguly, S. Ghosh, M. Guchait, A. Gurtu, G. Kole, S. Kumar, M. Maity, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar, G. B. Mohanty, B. Parida, K. Sudhakar, N. Wickramage, S. Dugad, H. Arfaei, H. Bakhshiansohi, S. M. Etesami, A. Fahim, H. Hesari, A. Jafari, M. Khakzad, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi, B. Safarzadeh, M. Zeinali, M. Grunewald, M. Abbrescia, L. Barbone, C. Calabria, S. S. Chhibra, A. Colaleo, D. Creanza, N. De Filippis, M. De Palma, L. Fiore, G. Iaselli, G. Maggi, M. Maggi, B. Marangelli, S. My, S. Nuzzo, N. Pacifico, A. Pompili, G. Pugliese, G. Selvaggi, L. Silvestris, G. Singh, R. Venditti, P. Verwilligen, G. Zito, G. Abbiendi, A. C. Benvenuti, D. Bonacorsi, S. Braibant-Giacomelli, L. Brigliadori, R. Campanini, P. Capiluppi, A. Castro, F. R. Cavallo, M. Cuffiani, G. M. Dallavalle, F. Fabbri, A. Fanfani, D. Fasanella, P. Giacomelli, C. Grandi, L. Guiducci, S. Marcellini, G. Masetti, M. Meneghelli, A. Montanari, F. L. Navarria, F. Odorici, A. Perrotta, F. Primavera, A. M. Rossi, T. Rovelli, G. P. Siroli, N. Tosi, R. Travaglini, S. Albergo, M. Chiorboli, S. Costa, F. Giordano, R. Potenza, A. Tricomi, C. Tuve, G. Barbagli, V. Ciulli, C. Civinini, R. D’Alessandro, E. Focardi, S. Frosali, E. Gallo, S. Gonzi, V. Gori, P. Lenzi, M. Meschini, S. Paoletti, G. Sguazzoni, A. Tropiano, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, D. Piccolo, P. Fabbricatore, R. Musenich, S. Tosi, A. Benaglia, F. De Guio, L. Di Matteo, S. Fiorendi, S. Gennai, A. Ghezzi, P. Govoni, M. T. Lucchini, S. Malvezzi, R. A. Manzoni, A. Martelli, D. Menasce, L. Moroni, M. Paganoni, D. Pedrini, S. Ragazzi, N. Redaelli, T. Tabarelli de Fatis, S. Buontempo, N. Cavallo, A. De Cosa, F. Fabozzi, A. O. M. Iorio, L. Lista, S. Meola, M. Merola, P. Paolucci, P. Azzi, N. Bacchetta, D. Bisello, A. Branca, R. Carlin, P. Checchia, T. Dorigo, U. Dosselli, M. Galanti, F. Gasparini, U. Gasparini, P. Giubilato, A. Gozzelino, M. Gulmini, K. Kanishchev, S. Lacaprara, I. Lazzizzera, M. Margoni, G. Maron, A. T. Meneguzzo, J. Pazzini, N. Pozzobon, P. Ronchese, F. Simonetto, E. Torassa, M. Tosi, S. Vanini, P. Zotto, A. Zucchetta, G. Zumerle, M. Gabusi, S. P. Ratti, C. Riccardi, P. Vitulo, M. Biasini, G. M. Bilei, L. Fanò, P. Lariccia, G. Mantovani, M. Menichelli, A. Nappi, F. Romeo, A. Saha, A. Santocchia, A. Spiezia, K. Androsov, P. Azzurri, G. Bagliesi, T. Boccali, G. Broccolo, R. Castaldi, R. T. D’Agnolo, R. Dell’Orso, F. Fiori, L. Foà, A. Giassi, A. Kraan, F. Ligabue, T. Lomtadze, L. Martini, A. Messineo, F. Palla, A. Rizzi, A. T. Serban, P. Spagnolo, P. Squillacioti, R. Tenchini, G. Tonelli, A. Venturi, P. G. Verdini, C. Vernieri, L. Barone, F. Cavallari, D. Del Re, M. Diemoz, M. Grassi, E. Longo, F. Margaroli, P. Meridiani, F. Micheli, S. Nourbakhsh, G. Organtini, R. Paramatti, S. Rahatlou, L. Soffi, N. Amapane, R. Arcidiacono, S. Argiro, M. Arneodo, C. Biino, N. Cartiglia, S. Casasso, M. Costa, N. Demaria, C. Mariotti, S. Maselli, E. Migliore, V. Monaco, M. Musich, M. M. Obertino, G. Ortona, N. Pastrone, M. Pelliccioni, A. Potenza, A. Romero, M. Ruspa, R. Sacchi, A. Solano, A. Staiano, U. Tamponi, S. Belforte, V. Candelise, M. Casarsa, F. Cossutti, G. Della Ricca, B. Gobbo, C. La Licata, M. Marone, D. Montanino, A. Penzo, A. Schizzi, A. Zanetti, T. Y. Kim, S. K. Nam, S. Chang, D. H. Kim, G. N. Kim, J. E. Kim, D. J. Kong, Y. D. Oh, H. Park, D. C. Son, J. Y. Kim, Zero J. Kim, S. Song, S. Choi, D. Gyun, B. Hong, M. Jo, H. Kim, T. J. Kim, K. S. Lee, S. K. Park, Y. Roh, M. Choi, J. H. Kim, C. Park, I. C. Park, S. Park, G. Ryu, Y. Choi, Y. K. Choi, J. Goh, M. S. Kim, E. Kwon, B. Lee, J. Lee, S. Lee, H. Seo, I. Yu, I. Grigelionis, A. Juodagalvis, H. Castilla-Valdez, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, I. Heredia-de La Cruz, R. Lopez-Fernandez, J. Martínez-Ortega, A. Sanchez-Hernandez, L. M. Villasenor-Cendejas, S. Carrillo Moreno, F. Vazquez Valencia, H. A. Salazar Ibarguen, E. Casimiro Linares, A. Morelos Pineda, M. A. Reyes-Santos, D. Krofcheck, A. J. Bell, P. H. Butler, R. Doesburg, S. Reucroft, H. Silverwood, M. Ahmad, M. I. Asghar, J. Butt, H. R. Hoorani, S. Khalid, W. A. Khan, T. Khurshid, S. 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Nicolas Kaufman, J. R. Patterson, A. Ryd, E. Salvati, W. Sun, W. D. Teo, J. Thom, J. Thompson, J. Tucker, Y. Weng, L. Winstrom, P. Wittich, D. Winn, S. Abdullin, M. Albrow, J. Anderson, G. Apollinari, L. A. T. Bauerdick, A. Beretvas, J. Berryhill, P. C. Bhat, K. Burkett, J. N. Butler, V. Chetluru, H. W. K. Cheung, F. Chlebana, S. Cihangir, V. D. Elvira, I. Fisk, J. Freeman, Y. Gao, E. Gottschalk, L. Gray, D. Green, O. Gutsche, D. Hare, R. M. Harris, J. Hirschauer, B. Hooberman, S. Jindariani, M. Johnson, U. Joshi, B. Klima, S. Kunori, S. Kwan, C. Leonidopoulos, J. Linacre, D. Lincoln, R. Lipton, J. Lykken, K. Maeshima, J. M. Marraffino, V. I. Martinez Outschoorn, S. Maruyama, D. Mason, P. McBride, K. Mishra, S. Mrenna, Y. Musienko, C. Newman-Holmes, V. O’Dell, O. Prokofyev, N. Ratnikova, E. Sexton-Kennedy, S. Sharma, W. J. Spalding, L. Spiegel, L. Taylor, S. Tkaczyk, N. V. Tran, L. Uplegger, E. W. Vaandering, R. Vidal, J. Whitmore, W. Wu, F. Yang, J. C. Yun, D. Acosta, P. Avery, D. Bourilkov, M. Chen, T. Cheng, S. Das, M. De Gruttola, G. P. Di Giovanni, D. Dobur, A. Drozdetskiy, R. D. Field, M. Fisher, Y. Fu, I. K. Furic, J. Hugon, B. Kim, J. Konigsberg, A. Korytov, A. Kropivnitskaya, T. Kypreos, J. F. Low, K. Matchev, P. Milenovic, G. Mitselmakher, L. Muniz, R. Remington, A. Rinkevicius, N. Skhirtladze, M. Snowball, J. Yelton, M. Zakaria, V. Gaultney, S. Hewamanage, L. M. Lebolo, S. Linn, P. Markowitz, G. Martinez, J. L. Rodriguez, T. Adams, A. Askew, J. Bochenek, J. Chen, B. Diamond, S. V. Gleyzer, J. Haas, S. Hagopian, V. Hagopian, K. F. Johnson, H. Prosper, V. Veeraraghavan, M. Weinberg, M. M. Baarmand, B. Dorney, M. Hohlmann, H. Kalakhety, F. Yumiceva, M. R. Adams, L. Apanasevich, V. E. Bazterra, R. R. Betts, I. Bucinskaite, J. Callner, R. Cavanaugh, O. Evdokimov, L. Gauthier, C. E. Gerber, D. J. Hofman, S. Khalatyan, P. Kurt, F. Lacroix, D. H. Moon, C. O’Brien, C. Silkworth, D. Strom, P. Turner, N. Varelas, U. Akgun, E. A. Albayrak, B. Bilki, W. 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Roland, G. Roland, G. S. F. Stephans, F. Stöckli, K. Sumorok, K. Sung, D. Velicanu, R. Wolf, B. Wyslouch, M. Yang, Y. Yilmaz, A. S. Yoon, M. Zanetti, V. Zhukova, B. Dahmes, A. De Benedetti, G. Franzoni, A. Gude, J. Haupt, S. C. Kao, K. Klapoetke, Y. Kubota, J. Mans, N. Pastika, R. Rusack, M. Sasseville, A. Singovsky, N. Tambe, J. Turkewitz, L. M. Cremaldi, R. Kroeger, L. Perera, R. Rahmat, D. A. Sanders, D. Summers, E. Avdeeva, K. Bloom, S. Bose, D. R. Claes, A. Dominguez, M. Eads, R. Gonzalez Suarez, J. Keller, I. Kravchenko, J. Lazo-Flores, S. Malik, F. Meier, G. R. Snow, J. Dolen, A. Godshalk, I. Iashvili, S. Jain, A. Kharchilava, A. Kumar, S. Rappoccio, Z. Wan, G. Alverson, E. Barberis, D. Baumgartel, M. Chasco, J. Haley, A. Massironi, D. Nash, T. Orimoto, D. Trocino, D. Wood, J. Zhang, A. Anastassov, K. A. Hahn, A. Kubik, L. Lusito, N. Mucia, N. Odell, B. Pollack, A. Pozdnyakov, M. Schmitt, S. Stoynev, M. Velasco, S. Won, D. Berry, A. Brinkerhoff, K. M. Chan, M. Hildreth, C. Jessop, D. J. Karmgard, J. Kolb, K. Lannon, W. Luo, S. Lynch, N. Marinelli, D. M. Morse, T. Pearson, M. Planer, R. Ruchti, J. Slaunwhite, N. Valls, M. Wayne, M. Wolf, L. Antonelli, B. Bylsma, L. S. Durkin, C. Hill, R. Hughes, K. Kotov, T. Y. Ling, D. Puigh, M. Rodenburg, G. Smith, C. Vuosalo, G. Williams, B. L. Winer, H. Wolfe, E. Berry, P. Elmer, V. Halyo, P. Hebda, J. Hegeman, A. Hunt, P. Jindal, S. A. Koay, D. Lopes Pegna, P. Lujan, D. Marlow, T. Medvedeva, M. Mooney, J. Olsen, P. Piroué, X. Quan, A. Raval, H. Saka, D. Stickland, C. Tully, J. S. Werner, S. C. Zenz, A. Zuranski, E. Brownson, A. Lopez, H. Mendez, J. E. Ramirez Vargas, E. Alagoz, D. Benedetti, G. Bolla, D. Bortoletto, M. De Mattia, A. Everett, Z. Hu, M. Jones, K. Jung, O. Koybasi, M. Kress, N. Leonardo, V. Maroussov, P. Merkel, D. H. Miller, N. Neumeister, I. Shipsey, D. Silvers, A. Svyatkovskiy, M. Vidal Marono, F. Wang, L. Xu, H. D. Yoo, J. Zablocki, Y. Zheng, S. Guragain, N. Parashar, A. Adair, B. Akgun, K. M. 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Volobouev, E. Appelt, A. G. Delannoy, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, C. Maguire, A. Melo, M. Sharma, P. Sheldon, B. Snook, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, M. W. Arenton, S. Boutle, B. Cox, B. Francis, J. Goodell, R. Hirosky, A. Ledovskoy, C. Lin, C. Neu, J. Wood, S. Gollapinni, R. Harr, P. E. Karchin, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, P. Lamichhane, A. Sakharov, M. Anderson, D. A. Belknap, L. Borrello, D. Carlsmith, M. Cepeda, S. Dasu, E. Friis, K. S. Grogg, M. Grothe, R. Hall-Wilton, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, K. Kaadze, P. Klabbers, J. Klukas, A. Lanaro, C. Lazaridis, R. Loveless, A. Mohapatra, M. U. Mozer, I. Ojalvo, G. A. Pierro, I. Ross, A. Savin, W. H. Smith, and J. Swanson

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published
2022
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50. Accelerating 4D image reconstruction for magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy

Author

Bastien Lecoeur, Marco Barbone, Jessica Gough, Uwe Oelfke, Wayne Luk, Georgi Gaydadjiev, and Andreas Wetscherek

Subjects
4D-MRI, MR-guided Radiotherapy, MR-integrated Proton Therapy, Intrafraction motion, High-performance computing, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Background and purpose: Physiological motion impacts the dose delivered to tumours and vital organs in external beam radiotherapy and particularly in particle therapy. The excellent soft-tissue demarcation of 4D magnetic resonance imaging (4D-MRI) could inform on intra-fractional motion, but long image reconstruction times hinder its use in online treatment adaptation. Here we employ techniques from high-performance computing to reduce 4D-MRI reconstruction times below two minutes to facilitate their use in MR-guided radiotherapy. Material and methods: Four patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were scanned with a radial stack-of-stars gradient echo sequence on a 1.5T MR-Linac. Fast parallelised open-source implementations of the extra-dimensional golden-angle radial sparse parallel algorithm were developed for central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) architectures. We assessed the impact of architecture, oversampling and respiratory binning strategy on 4D-MRI reconstruction time and compared images using the structural similarity (SSIM) index against a MATLAB reference implementation. Scaling and bottlenecks for the different architectures were studied using multi-GPU systems. Results: All reconstructed 4D-MRI were identical to the reference implementation (SSIM > 0.99). Images reconstructed with overlapping respiratory bins were sharper at the cost of longer reconstruction times. The CPU + GPU implementation was over 17 times faster than the reference implementation, reconstructing images in 60 ± 1 s and hyper-scaled using multiple GPUs. Conclusion: Respiratory-resolved 4D-MRI reconstruction times can be reduced using high-performance computing methods for online workflows in MR-guided radiotherapy with potential applications in particle therapy.

Published
2023
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