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INTRODUCCIÓN: El Sistema de Perfilado Nutricional (SPN) NutriScore a través de su etiquetado frontal permite a los consumidores realizar un juicio rápido de la calidad nutricional de los alimentos, favoreciendo elecciones alimentarias más saludables. OBJETIVO: Determinar el nivel de comprensión del SPN NutriScore para las elecciones alimentarias y su asociación con el nivel educativo, de los referentes beneficiarios de la Fundación Banco de Alimentos de Córdoba (FBAC), en la Ciudad de Córdoba durante 2020. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Estudio observacional, analítico, de corte transversal. Participaron 45 referentes beneficiarios de FBAC. Se utilizó una encuesta validada, estructurada y administrada por entrevistador. El instrumento fue adaptado a los patrones alimentarios de la población Argentina, seleccionando 3 categorías de alimentos comúnmente consumidos y de diferentes calidades nutricionales. El análisis de los datos se realizó con Stata v14. Para las variables categóricas se utilizaron frecuencias relativas y absolutas; mientras que para variables continuas se usaron medidas de posición central y dispersión. Por último, se aplicó el Test de Fisher para evaluar asociación entre las variables (p

Breast metastasis originating from a primary lung tumor is exceedingly rare and can present challenges in distinguishing it from primary breast cancer. This case report discusses the management of a 64-year-old woman who initially presented with a nodule in her left breast. A biopsy revealed an infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Despite negative BRCA genetic testing, her significant family history of cancer and the presence of a newly detected right breast lesion led to a bilateral mastectomy. Post-operative imaging identified multiple hypodense nodules and a spiculated pulmonary nodule, necessitating further investigation. An endoscopic lung biopsy confirmed a primary pulmonary carcinoma with histological features similar to the breast carcinoma, suggesting the lung as the primary source. This case highlights the complexity of differentiating breast metastasis originating from a lung tumor and primary breast cancer. It underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluations and the consideration of extramammary origins in metastatic cases. The findings emphasize the role of multidisciplinary teams in managing such rare and challenging cases and highlight the necessity for thorough and repeated assessments in atypical breast cancer presentations.

Despite an increasing number of studies examining the impact of parental incarceration on children's well-being, there are few comprehensive reviews that collect this information, and even fewer from a developmental perspective. This study aims to clarify the effects of parental incarceration on children's well-being and development, as well as the moderating and mediating factors from a developmental perspective. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, selecting 61 studies of children from early childhood to adolescence. The results show differences in the current evidence regarding the effects of parental incarceration on children depending on the developmental stage, with the most evidence in the 7-11-year-old stage. Being male appears as a risk moderator factor while the mental health of the caregiver and their relationship with the child appears as a mediating variable, especially from 7 to 18 years old. These results reveal the impact of parental incarceration based on children's age, providing a basis for developing protective and intervention measures.

Background and Rationale: Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in asymptomatic patients affected by solid cancer, and whether it is associated with specific transcriptomics changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)., Methods: Patients affected by solid cancer treated in a top comprehensive cancer center in Italy during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave, and negative for COVID-19-symptoms since the first detection of COVID-19 in Italy, were prospectively evaluated by SARS-CoV-2 serology in the period between April 14th and June 23rd 2020. Follow-up serologies were performed, every 21-28 days, until August 23rd 2020. All SARS-CoV-2 IgM + patients underwent confirmatory nasopharyngeal swab (NPS). PBMCs from a subset of SARS-CoV-2 IgM + patients were collected at baseline, at 2 months, and at 7 months for transcriptome sequencing., Results: SARS-CoV-2 serology was performed on 446 of the 466 recruited patients. A total of 14 patients (3.14%) tested positive for at least one SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin in the period between April 14th and August 23rd 2020. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 IgM decreased from 1.48% in the first month of the accrual to 0% in the last month. Viral RNA could not be detected in any of the NPS. PBMC serial transcriptomic analysis showed progressive downregulation of interleukin 6 upregulated signatures, chemokine-mediated signaling and chemokine-chemokine receptor KEGG pathways. B- and T-cell receptor pathways (p-values = 0.0002 and 0.017 respectively) were progressively upregulated., Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion rate in asymptomatic patients affected by solid cancer is consistent with that of asymptomatic COVID-19 assessed in the general population through NPS at the peak of the first wave. Transcriptomic features over time in IgM + asymptomatic cases are suggestive of previous viral exposure., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Purpose: The study of plasma cell-free DNA integrity (cfDI) has shown potential for providing useful information in neoplastic patients. The aim of this study is to estimate the accuracy of an electrophoresis-based method for cfDI evaluation in the assessment of pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients with breast cancer (BC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT)., Patients and Methods: Fifty-one patients with BC undergoing anthracycline-/taxane-based NACT were recruited. Plasma samples were collected from each patient at diagnosis (t0), after anthracycline administration (t1), and after NACT completion (t2). The concentration of differently sized cell-free DNA fragments was assessed by automated electrophoresis. cfDI, expressed as cfDI index, was calculated as the ratio of 321-1,000 bp sized fragment concentration to 150-220 bp sized fragment concentration assessed at t2. cfDI index was then used to build an exploratory classifier for BC response to NACT, directly comparing its sensitivity and specificity with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), through bootstrapped logistic regression., Results: cfDI index was assessed on 38 plasma samples collected from as many patients at t2, maintaining a 30/70 ratio between pCR and non-pCR patients. cfDI index showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in predicting the achievement of pCR of 81.6, with a cutoff above 2.71 showing sensitivity = 81.8 and specificity = 81.5. The combination of cfDI index and MRI showed, in case of concordance, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 92.6 with a predictive value of complete response of 87.5 and a predictive value of absence of complete response of 94.7., Conclusion: cfDI index measured after NACT completion shows great potential in the assessment of pCR in patients with BC. The evaluation of its use in combination with MRI is strongly warranted in prospective studies., Competing Interests: Lucia Del MastroHonoraria: Roche, Novartis, Lilly, MSD OncologyConsulting or Advisory Role: Roche, Novartis, MSD, Pfizer, Ipsen, AstraZeneca, Genomic Health, Lilly, Seattle Genetics, Eisai, Pierre Fabre, Daiichi SankyoTravel, Accommodations, Expenses: Roche, Pfizer, Celgene Gabriele ZoppoliResearch Funding: Thermo Fisher Scientific (Inst)Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: AstraZeneca UK concerning methods for SLFN11 detection in cancer samples and its correlation with clinical outcome, Davide Bedognetti and Wouter Hendricxk from SIDRA Medicine, Doha, concerning in vitro experiments with SLFN11 and cancer models, European patent no. 102019000018989 concerning a multidomain method for prediction of one-year mortality in senior patients diagnosed with cancerTravel, Accommodations, Expenses: Novartis, RocheUncompensated Relationships: Breast International Group, Roche, Breast International Group/International Breast Cancer Study Group, AstraZeneca, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)No other potential conflicts of interest were reported.

In preclinical studies, fasting was found to potentiate the effects of several anticancer treatments, and early clinical studies indicated that patients may benefit from regimes of modified fasting. However, concerns remain over possible negative impact on the patients' nutritional status. We assessed the feasibility and safety of a 5-day "Fasting-Mimicking Diet" (FMD) as well as its effects on body composition and circulating growth factors, adipokines and cyto/chemokines in cancer patients. In this single-arm, phase I/II clinical trial, patients with solid or hematologic malignancy, low nutritional risk and undergoing active medical treatment received periodic FMD cycles. The body weight, handgrip strength and body composition were monitored throughout the study. Growth factors, adipokines and cyto/chemokines were assessed by ELISA. Ninety patients were enrolled, and FMD was administered every three weeks/once a month with an average of 6.3 FMD cycles/patient. FMD was largely safe with only mild side effects. The patients' weight and handgrip remained stable, the phase angle and fat-free mass increased, while the fat mass decreased. FMD reduced the serum c-peptide, IGF1, IGFBP3 and leptin levels, while increasing IGFBP1, and these modifications persisted for weeks beyond the FMD period. Thus, periodic FMD cycles are feasible and can be safely combined with standard antineoplastic treatments in cancer patients at low nutritional risk. The FMD resulted in reduced fat mass, insulin production and circulating IGF1 and leptin. This trial was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov in July 2018 with the identifier NCT03595540.

In breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery, there is an unmet need for noninvasive predictive biomarkers of response. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in particular has been the object of several reports, but few of them have studied the applicability of tagged targeted deep sequencing (tTDS) to clinical practice and its performance compared with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Here, we present the first results from an ongoing study involving a prospectively accrued, monocentric cohort of patients affected by invasive breast cancer, undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery with curative intent as per clinical practice. A pretreatment tumor biopsy and plasma samples were collected before and during treatment, after surgery, and every six months henceforth or until relapse, whichever came first. Pretreatment biopsies were sequenced with a 409-gene massive parallel sequencing (MPS) panel, allowing the identification of target mutations and their research in plasma by tTDS and ddPCR as a complementary approach. Using tTDS, we demonstrated the presence of at least one deleterious mutation in all the relapsed cases we studied ( n  = 4), with an average lead time of six months before clinical relapse. The association with ddPCR was suboptimal, and only one relapsed patient could be identified with such method. tTDS shows potential as an early noninvasive method for the detection of MRD in BC patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Gabriella Cirmena et al.)

The main aim of this paper is to identify the criminal and penitentiary pretreatment variables associated with re-entry into prison in a population of drug-dependent inmates who had been released from different prisons in Castilla and Leon (Spain) to finish their prison sentence in a Therapeutic Community. The study population was 120 male inmates. The documentary sources consulted for collecting information were the prison record, the classification and treatment protocol and the social record. These official records were consulted in the Burgos Penitentiary, responsible for custody of the documents. Applying a descriptive statistical analysis with contingency tables, the pre-treatment variables that showed the strongest association with re-entry into prison were family prison history, total sentence exceeding five years, imprisonments prior to the sentence in question, change to a higher security level, revocation of parole, breach of the terms of a sentence, completion of sentence in prison and, especially, age at first entry into prison between 16 and 21 years. It was confirmed through logistic regression analysis that the variable age at which participants entered prison for the first time is critical, given the impact that prison can have at an early age. These results provide a profile of the drug-dependent inmate at greatest risk of making poor use of measures alternative to prison.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of pegfilgrastim administered as haematological support after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, we compared 44 patients with solid tumours and lymphomas receiving a 6-mg single dose of pegfilgrastim on day +5 after transplantation to a historical control group of 25 patients receiving filgrastim 5 microg kg(-1) day(-1) starting on day +5. There were no significant differences in haematological recovery nor in the incidence and duration of neutropenic fever. Median duration of grade 4 neutropenia in the pegfilgrastim and filgrastim group was similar. The incidence of grade III-IV mucositis was lower in pegfilgrastim than in filgrastim group due to the significant difference observed among the patients with solid tumours (p = 0.00). The only adverse event considered to be cytokine related was mild to moderate bone pain occurring during haematological recovery. According to the present study design and taking into account the current prices in our institution, the cost of the two drugs was similar in both treatment groups. In conclusion, a single injection of pegfilgrastim administered at day +5 post-transplantation shows comparable safety and efficacy profiles to daily injections of filgrastim and may be cost effective.

A procedure based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is described for determination of opiates (6-monoacetylmorphine, morphine and codeine) and cocaine and metabolites (cocaine, benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene) in human teeth. After addition of nalorphine as internal standard, pulverized samples were incubated in HCl at 37 degrees C for 18 h. Then, after pH adjustment to 6, and the analytes were extracted with two volumes of 3 ml of chloroform/isopropanol (9:1). Chromatography was performed on a fused silica capillary column and analytes were determined in the selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. The assay was validated in the range 7.5 (6.0 in case of codeine) to 500 ng/g with mean absolute recoveries ranged between 74.1 and 92.1% for the different analytes and precision and accuracy always better than 15%. The method was applied to the analysis of teeth from drug-addicts to assess past chronic consumption and verify self-reported declarations. In case of opiates, concentration range was 36.5-570.0 ng/g for 6-monoacetylmorphine, 8.7-154.8 ng/g for morphine and 7.9-127.9 ng/g for codeine. Cocaine concentration ranged between 5.6 and 57.2 ng/g with its principal metabolite benzoylecgonine varying from 12.6 to 81.7 ng/g and cocaethylene present in only one sample at 10 ng/g value. Teeth can be a promising non-invasive biological matrix in biomedical analysis for both clinical and forensic purposes.