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1. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number trade-offs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

Tong Qiu, Robert Andrus, Marie-Claire Aravena, Davide Ascoli, Yves Bergeron, Roberta Berretti, Daniel Berveiller, Michal Bogdziewicz, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Don C. Bragg, Thomas Caignard, Rafael Calama, J. Julio Camarero, Chia-Hao Chang-Yang, Natalie L. Cleavitt, Benoit Courbaud, Francois Courbet, Thomas Curt, Adrian J. Das, Evangelia Daskalakou, Hendrik Davi, Nicolas Delpierre, Sylvain Delzon, Michael Dietze, Sergio Donoso Calderon, Laurent Dormont, Josep Espelta, Timothy J. Fahey, William Farfan-Rios, Catherine A. Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Georg Gratzer, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Qinfeng Guo, Andrew Hacket-Pain, Arndt Hampe, Qingmin Han, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Jill F. Johnstone, Valentin Journé, Daisuke Kabeya, Christopher L. Kilner, Thomas Kitzberger, Johannes M. H. Knops, Richard K. Kobe, Georges Kunstler, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Mateusz Ledwon, Francois Lefevre, Theodor Leininger, Jean-Marc Limousin, James A. Lutz, Diana Macias, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Christopher M. Moore, Emily Moran, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Kyotaro Noguchi, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Robert Parmenter, Ian S. Pearse, Ignacio M. Perez-Ramos, Lukasz Piechnik, John Poulsen, Renata Poulton-Kamakura, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, Francisco Rodriguez-Sanchez, Javier D. Sanguinetti, C. Lane Scher, William H. Schlesinger, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Michael A. Steele, Nathan L. Stephenson, Jacob N. Straub, I-Fang Sun, Samantha Sutton, Jennifer J. Swenson, Margaret Swift, Peter A. Thomas, Maria Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Amy V. Whipple, Thomas G. Whitham, Andreas P. Wion, Boyd Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Roman Zlotin, Magdalena Zywiec, and James S. Clark

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The relationships that control seed production in trees are key to understand evolutionary pressures that have shaped forests. A global synthesis of fecundity data reveals that while seed production is not constrained by a strict size-number trade-off, it is influenced by taxonomy and nutrient allocation.

Published
2022
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2. Zinc allocation to and within Arabidopsis halleri seeds: Different strategies of metal homeostasis in accessions under divergent selection pressure

Author

Alicja Babst‐Kostecka, Wojciech J. Przybyłowicz, Barbara Seget, and Jolanta Mesjasz‐Przybyłowicz

Subjects
adaptation, facultative metallophyte, homeostasis, metal hyperaccumulation, micro‐PIXE, pseudometallophyte, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract Vegetative tissues of metal(loid)‐hyperaccumulating plants are widely used to study plant metal homeostasis and adaptation to metalliferous soils, but little is known about these mechanisms in their seeds. We explored essential element allocation to Arabidopsis halleri seeds, a species that faces a particular trade‐off between meeting nutrient requirements and minimizing toxicity risks. Combining advanced elemental mapping (micro‐particle induced X‐ray emission) with chemical analyses of plant and soil material, we investigated natural variation in Zn allocation to A. halleri seeds from non‐metalliferous and metalliferous locations. We also assessed the tissue‐level distribution and concentration of other nutrients to identify possible disorders in seed homeostasis. Unexpectedly, the highest Zn concentration was found in seeds of a non‐metalliferous lowland location, whereas concentrations were relatively low in all other seed samples—including metallicolous ones. The abundance of other nutrients in seeds was unaffected by metalliferous site conditions. Our findings depict contrasting strategies of Zn allocation to A. halleri seeds: increased delivery at lowland non‐metalliferous locations (a likely natural selection toward enhanced Zn‐hyperaccumulation in vegetative tissues) versus limited translocation at metalliferous sites where external Zn concentrations are toxic for non‐tolerant plants. Both strategies are worth exploring further to resolve metal homeostasis mechanisms and their effects on seed development and nutrition.

Published
2020
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3. Badger Meles meles as Ecosystem Engineer and Its Legal Status in Europe

Author

Przemysław Kurek, Łukasz Piechnik, Blanka Wiatrowska, Agnieszka Ważna, Krzysztof Nowakowski, Xosé Pardavila, Jan Cichocki, and Barbara Seget

Subjects
European badger, Mustelidae, ecosystem engineer, habitat creation, ecosystem services, seed dispersal, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

The European badger plays an important role as a natural factor shaping species diversity in forests. Its extensive setts can be used by many other animals as shelters. Soil perturbations in their setts support plant communities that differ from the matrix landscape. The badger is also an effective seed disperser. We investigated its role as an ecosystem engineer in preserving species diversity and discussed its legal status across Europe. In most European countries (69.3% of the continent), the badger is hunted, sometimes year-round. The hunting season lasting through winter until early spring may have a negative effect on badger populations, especially when cubs are born in February. Although this species is Red Listed in 19 European countries (with categories ranging from LC to EN), the badger is strictly protected by law in 30.7% of its European range. A reduction in badger populations may limit its ecosystem services (seed dispersal, topsoil disturbances, microhabitat creation). Much new data on the importance of badgers in ecosystem engineering has allowed us to reconsider how we manage badger populations.

Published
2022
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4. Is there tree senescence? The fecundity evidence

Author

Tong Qiu, Marie-Claire Aravena, Robert Andrus, Davide Ascoli, Yves Bergeron, Roberta Berretti, Michal Bogdziewicz, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Thomas Caignard, Rafael Calama, J. Julio Camarero, Connie J. Clark, Benoit Courbaud, Sylvain Delzon, Sergio Donoso Calderon, William Farfan-Rios, Catherine A. Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Qinfeng Guo, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Valentin Journé, Christopher L. Kilner, Richard K. Kobe, Walter D. Koenig, Georges Kunstler, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Mateusz Ledwon, James A. Lutz, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Chase L. Nuñez, Ian S. Pearse, Łukasz Piechnik, John R. Poulsen, Renata Poulton-Kamakura, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, C. Lane Scher, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Jennifer J. Swenson, Margaret Swift, Maria Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Amy V. Whipple, Thomas G. Whitham, Andreas P. Wion, S. Joseph Wright, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Magdalena Żywiec, and James S. Clark

Published
2021
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5. Linking seed size and number to trait syndromes in trees

Author

Michal Bogdziewicz, Marie‐Claire Aravena Acuña, Robert Andrus, Davide Ascoli, Yves Bergeron, Daniel Brveiller, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Thomas Caignard, Maxime Cailleret, Rafael Calama, Sergio Donoso Calderon, J. Julio Camarero, Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang, Jerome Chave, Francesco Chianucci, Natalie L. Cleavitt, Benoit Courbaud, Andrea Cutini, Thomas Curt, Adrian J. Das, Hendrik Davi, Nicolas Delpierre, Sylvain Delzon, Michael Dietze, Laurent Dormont, William Farfan‐Rios, Catherine A. Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Georg Gratzer, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Arthur Guignabert, Qinfeng Guo, Andrew Hacket‐Pain, Arndt Hampe, Qingmin Han, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Jill F. Johnstone, Valentin Journé, Thomas Kitzberger, Johannes M. H. Knops, Georges Kunstler, Richard Kobe, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Mateusz Ledwon, Theodor Leininger, Jean‐Marc Limousin, James A. Lutz, Diana Macias, Anders Marell, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Emily Moran, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Shoji Naoe, Mahoko Noguchi, Michio Oguro, Hiroko Kurokawa, Jean‐Marc Ourcival, Robert Parmenter, Ignacio M. Perez‐Ramos, Lukasz Piechnik, Tomasz Podgórski, John Poulsen, Tong Qiu, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, Pavel Šamonil, Jan Holik, C. Lane Scher, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Mitsue Shibata, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Michael A. Steele, Jacob N. Straub, I‐Fang Sun, Samantha Sutton, Jennifer J. Swenson, Peter A. Thomas, Maria Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Boyd Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Thomas G. Whitham, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Magdalna Zywiec, James S. Clark, National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Science Centre (Poland), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, US Forest Service, Narodowe Centrum Nauki (Poland), Bogdziewicz, Michal, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Andrus, Robert, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Bonal, Raul, Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Camarero, J Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Curt, Thomas, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Dormont, Laurent, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H., Guignabert, Arthur, Guo,Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F., Journé, Valentin, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M. H., Kunstler, Georges, Kobe, Richard K., Lageard, Jonathan G. A., LaMontagne, Jalene M., Ledwon, Mateusz, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A., Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A., Nagel, Thomas A., Shoji, N., Michio Oguro, Mahoko Noguchi, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M., Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Qiu, Tong, Redmond, Miranda D., Reid, Chantal D., Rodman, Kyle C., Scher, C. Lane, Seget, Barbara, Silman, Miles, Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J., Thomas, Peter A., Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T., Wright, Boyd, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zywiec, Magdalena, Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas [Ushuaia] (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), AgroParisTech, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad de Chili / Departamento de Ciencias de la Computation, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), National Kaohsiung Marine University [Taïwan] (NKMU), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Centro di Viticoltura ed Enologia [CREA], Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), California Sciences Institute, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Saint Louis University (SLU), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of California (UC), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), USDA Agricultural Research Service [Maricopa, AZ] (USDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Liverpool, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Akita University, University of Michigan [Dearborn], University of Michigan System, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Alabama Space Grant ConsortiumAIST16-0052AIST18-0063Belmont Forum1854976Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA)PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001National Science Centre, Poland2019/35/D/NZ8/00050National Science Foundation (NSF)DEB- 1754443, and ANR-18-MPGA-0004,FORBIC,Prévision du changement de la biodiversité(2018)

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fecundity, functional traits, leaf economics, life history strategies, size syndrome, tree recruitment, Life history strategie, Settore AGR/05 - Assestamento Forestale e Selvicoltura, Tree recruitmen, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, fecundity functional traits leaf economics life history strategies size syndrome, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

12 páginas.- 4 figuras.- referencias.- Additional supporting information can be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of this article.- Full Access in https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/geb.13652, Aim Our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain forest diversity under changing climate can benefit from knowledge about traits that are closely linked to fitness. We tested whether the link between traits and seed number and seed size is consistent with two hypotheses, termed the leaf economics spectrum and the plant size syndrome, or whether reproduction represents an independent dimension related to a seed size–seed number trade-off. Location Most of the data come from Europe, North and Central America and East Asia. A minority of the data come from South America, Africa and Australia. Time period 1960–2022. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We gathered 12 million observations of the number of seeds produced in 784 tree species. We estimated the number of seeds produced by individual trees and scaled it up to the species level. Next, we used principal components analysis and generalized joint attribute modelling (GJAM) to map seed number and size on the tree traits spectrum. Results Incorporating seed size and number into trait analysis while controlling for environment and phylogeny with GJAM exposes relationships in trees that might otherwise remain hidden. Production of the large total biomass of seeds [product of seed number and seed size; hereafter, species seed productivity (SSP)] is associated with high leaf area, low foliar nitrogen, low specific leaf area (SLA) and dense wood. Production of high seed numbers is associated with small seeds produced by nutrient-demanding species with softwood, small leaves and high SLA. Trait covariation is consistent with opposing strategies: one fast-growing, early successional, with high dispersal, and the other slow-growing, stress-tolerant, that recruit in shaded conditions. Main conclusions Earth system models currently assume that reproductive allocation is indifferent among plant functional types. Easily measurable seed size is a strong predictor of the seed number and species seed productivity. The connection of SSP with the functional traits can form the first basis of improved fecundity prediction across global forests., The project has been funded by grants to J.S.C. from the National Science Foundation, most re-cently DEB-1754443, and by the Belmont Forum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052 and AIST18-0063) and the Programme d'Investissement d'Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004; Make Our Planet Great Again). Jerry Franklin's data remain acces-sible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. Data from Hubbard Brook (New Hampshire) were funded through NSF-LTER. Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants, most recently DEB 0963447 and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF 727 LTREB 1754647. M.B. was supported by grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050 from the (Polish) National Science Centre and by Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. Research by the USDA Forest Service and the USGS was funded by these agencies. Any use of trade, firm or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply en -dorsement by the U.S. Government

Published
2023

6. Costs and benefits of masting: economies of scale are not reduced by negative density‐dependence in seedling survival in Sorbus aucuparia

Author

Michał Bogdziewicz, Magdalena Żywiec, Alicja Rzepczak, Mateusz Ledwoń, Jan Holeksa, Barbara Seget, Łukasz Piechnik, and Fiona Milne-Rostkowska

Subjects
education.field_of_study, biology, Pollination, Physiology, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Reproduction, Population, food and beverages, Plant Science, Sorbus aucuparia, biology.organism_classification, Density dependence, Agronomy, Seedlings, Seedling, Predatory Behavior, Seed predation, Predator satiation, Seeds, Animals, Sorbus, Mast (botany), education
Abstract

Masting is a widespread reproductive strategy in plants that helps to reduce seed predation and increase pollination. However, masting can involve costs, notably negative density-dependent (NDD) seedling survival caused by concentrating reproduction in intermittent events. Masting benefits have received widespread attention, but the costs are understudied, which precludes understanding why some plant species have evolved intense masting, while others reproduce regularly. We followed seed production, seed predation (both 13 years), and seedling recruitment and survival (11 years) in Sorbus aucuparia. We tested whether NDD in seedling survival after mast years can reduce the benefits of pulsed reproduction that come through predator satiation. Seed predation rates were extreme in our population (mean = 75%), but were reduced by masting. The commonly accepted, but untested, assertion that pulsed recruitment is associated with strong NDD was unsupported. Consequently, the proportion of seedlings that survived their first year increased with fruit production. This provides a rare test of economies of scale beyond the seed stage. Our results provide estimation of the costs of mast seeding, and indicate that these may be lower than expected. Low masting costs, if common, may help explain why masting is such a widespread reproductive strategy throughout the plant kingdom.

Published
2021

7. Zinc allocation to and within Arabidopsis halleri seeds: Different strategies of metal homeostasis in accessions under divergent selection pressure

Author

Jolanta Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz, Barbara Seget, Wojciech J. Przybyłowicz, and Alicja Babst-Kostecka

Subjects
Micro pixe, Arabidopsis halleri, Botany, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, adaptation, Zinc, Biology, Environmental sciences, chemistry, pseudometallophyte, QK1-989, homeostasis, micro‐PIXE, facultative metallophyte, GE1-350, Adaptation, metal hyperaccumulation, Selection (genetic algorithm)
Abstract

Vegetative tissues of metal(loid)‐hyperaccumulating plants are widely used to study plant metal homeostasis and adaptation to metalliferous soils, but little is known about these mechanisms in their seeds. We explored essential element allocation to Arabidopsis halleri seeds, a species that faces a particular trade‐off between meeting nutrient requirements and minimizing toxicity risks. Combining advanced elemental mapping (micro‐particle induced X‐ray emission) with chemical analyses of plant and soil material, we investigated natural variation in Zn allocation to A. halleri seeds from non‐metalliferous and metalliferous locations. We also assessed the tissue‐level distribution and concentration of other nutrients to identify possible disorders in seed homeostasis. Unexpectedly, the highest Zn concentration was found in seeds of a non‐metalliferous lowland location, whereas concentrations were relatively low in all other seed samples—including metallicolous ones. The abundance of other nutrients in seeds was unaffected by metalliferous site conditions. Our findings depict contrasting strategies of Zn allocation to A. halleri seeds: increased delivery at lowland non‐metalliferous locations (a likely natural selection toward enhanced Zn‐hyperaccumulation in vegetative tissues) versus limited translocation at metalliferous sites where external Zn concentrations are toxic for non‐tolerant plants. Both strategies are worth exploring further to resolve metal homeostasis mechanisms and their effects on seed development and nutrition.

Published
2020

9. Badger

Author

Przemysław, Kurek, Łukasz, Piechnik, Blanka, Wiatrowska, Agnieszka, Ważna, Krzysztof, Nowakowski, Xosé, Pardavila, Jan, Cichocki, and Barbara, Seget

Abstract

The European badger plays an important role as a natural factor shaping species diversity in forests. Its extensive setts can be used by many other animals as shelters. Soil perturbations in their setts support plant communities that differ from the matrix landscape. The badger is also an effective seed disperser. We investigated its role as an ecosystem engineer in preserving species diversity and discussed its legal status across Europe. In most European countries (69.3% of the continent), the badger is hunted, sometimes year-round. The hunting season lasting through winter until early spring may have a negative effect on badger populations, especially when cubs are born in February. Although this species is Red Listed in 19 European countries (with categories ranging from LC to EN), the badger is strictly protected by law in 30.7% of its European range. A reduction in badger populations may limit its ecosystem services (seed dispersal, topsoil disturbances, microhabitat creation). Much new data on the importance of badgers in ecosystem engineering has allowed us to reconsider how we manage badger populations.

Published
2022

11. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number tradeoffs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

Tong Qiu, Robert Andrus, Marie-Claire Aravena, Davide Ascoli, Yves Bergeron, Roberta Berretti, Daniel Berveiller, Michal Bogdziewicz, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Don C. Bragg, Thomas Caignard, Rafael Calama, J. Julio Camarero, Chia-Hao Chang-Yang, Natalie L. Cleavitt, Benoit Courbaud, Francois Courbet, Thomas Curt, Adrian J. Das, Evangelia Daskalakou, Hendrik Davi, Nicolas Delpierre, Sylvain Delzon, Michael Dietze, Sergio Donoso Calderon, Laurent Dormont, Josep Espelta, Timothy J. Fahey, William Farfan-Rios, Catherine A. Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Georg Gratzer, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Qinfeng Guo, Andrew Hacket-Pain, Arndt Hampe, Qingmin Han, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Jill F. Johnstone, Valentin Journé, Daisuke Kabeya, Christopher L. Kilner, Thomas Kitzberger, Johannes M. H. Knops, Richard K. Kobe, Georges Kunstler, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Mateusz Ledwon, Francois Lefevre, Theodor Leininger, Jean-Marc Limousin, James A. Lutz, Diana Macias, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Christopher M. Moore, Emily Moran, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Kyotaro Noguchi, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Robert Parmenter, Ian S. Pearse, Ignacio M. Perez-Ramos, Lukasz Piechnik, John Poulsen, Renata Poulton-Kamakura, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, Francisco Rodriguez-Sanchez, Javier D. Sanguinetti, C. Lane Scher, William H. Schlesinger, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Michael A. Steele, Nathan L. Stephenson, Jacob N. Straub, I-Fang Sun, Samantha Sutton, Jennifer J. Swenson, Margaret Swift, Peter A. Thomas, Maria Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Amy V. Whipple, Thomas G. Whitham, Andreas P. Wion, Boyd Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Roman Zlotin, Magdalena Zywiec, James S. Clark, National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, National Science Centre (Poland), US Forest Service, Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855], Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Bonal, Raul, Bragg, Don C, Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Camarero, J Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, Francois, Curt, Thomas, Adrian, Das, Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep, Fahey, Timothy J, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guo,Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F, Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M H, Kobe, Richard K, Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan G A, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefèvre, François, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A, Nagel, Thomas A, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S, Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco, Schlesinger, William H, Seget, Barbara, Silman, Miles, Stephenson, Nathan L, Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J, Thomas, Peter A, Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T, Wion, Andreas P, Wright, Boyd, Wright, S Joseph, Zimmerman, Jess K, Zhu, Kai, Zywiec, Magdalena, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], University of Colorado [Boulder], Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Cornell University [New York], Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Liverpool, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Akita University, University of Michigan [Dearborn], University of Michigan System, University of Alaska [Anchorage], Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of Manchester [Manchester], DePaul University [Chicago], Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Colby College, The project has been funded continuously since 1992 by NationalScience Foundation grants to J.S.C, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the BelmontForum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063), and the Programme d’Inves-tissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004)(Make Our Planet GreatAgain). Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants to M.U., most recently, DEB 0963447and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Groupwere funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647 toM.S. Additional funding to M.Z. came from the W.Szafer Institute of Botany of the PolishAcademy of Sciences and the Polish National Science Foundation (2019/33/B/NZ8/0134).M.B. was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. J.M.L. was supported by NSF grant DEB 1745496. Jerry Franklin’sdata remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. USDA Forest Service and USGSresearch was funded by those agencies, Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855][, Berveiller, Daniel [0000-0001-7461-6420], Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Bonal, Raul [0000-0002-6084-1771], Bragg, Don C [0000-0002-5207-8606], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Camarero, J Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Courbet, Francois [0000-0002-9438-6746], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Adrian, Das [0000-0002-3937-2616], Daskalakou, Evangelia [0000-0002-5190-1023], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Espelta, Josep [0000-0002-0242-4988], Fahey, Timothy J [0000-0003-1283-1162], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine A [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés[0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kabeya, Daisuke [0000-0002-3420-199X], Kilner, Christopher L [0000-0001-8808-8868], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M H [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kobe, Richard K [0000-0002-0943-9613], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Lageard, Jonathan G A [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Lefèvre, François [0000-0003-2242-7251], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A [0000-0002-2560-0710], McIntire, Eliot J B [0000-0002-6914-8316], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A [0000-0002-4207-9218], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Pearse, Ian S [0000-0001-7098-0495], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Poulton-Kamakura, Renata [0000-0002-2516-8702], Redmond, Miranda D [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C [0000-0001-9538-8412], Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco [0000-0002-7981-1599], Schlesinger, William H [0000-0002-1391-0885], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Stephenson, Nathan L [0000-0003-0208-7229], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer J [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, Maria [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wion, Andreas P [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zimmerman, Jess K [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], and Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051]

Subjects
Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, Forests, Q1, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Trees, reproductive potential, Plant seed, Forest, pridelava semen, Plant ecology, SB, SD, Multidisciplinary, Reproduction, Contraception/Reproduction, Botánica, production control, food and beverages, General Chemistry, Biodiversity, Ecología, Fertility, natural disasters, nadzor pridelave, seed production, Seeds, reprodukcijski potencial, Forest ecology, udc:630*23, ujme, Tree
Abstract

12 Pág., The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential., The project has been funded continuously since 1992 by National Science Foundation grants to J.S.C, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the Belmont Forum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063), and the Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004)(Make Our Planet Great Again). Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants to M.U., most recently, DEB 0963447 and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647 to M.S. Additional funding to M.Z. came from the W.Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish National Science Foundation (2019/33/B/NZ8/0134). M.B. was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. J.M.L. was supported by NSF grant DEB 1745496. Jerry Franklin’s data remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. USDA Forest Service and USGS research was funded by those agencies.

Published
2022

12. Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients

Author

Valentin Journé, Robert Andrus, Marie‐Claire Aravena, Davide Ascoli, Roberta Berretti, Daniel Berveiller, Michal Bogdziewicz, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Thomas Caignard, Rafael Calama, Jesús Julio Camarero, Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang, Benoit Courbaud, Francois Courbet, Thomas Curt, Adrian J. Das, Evangelia Daskalakou, Hendrik Davi, Nicolas Delpierre, Sylvain Delzon, Michael Dietze, Sergio Donoso Calderon, Laurent Dormont, Josep Maria Espelta, Timothy J. Fahey, William Farfan‐Rios, Catherine A. Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Georg Gratzer, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Qinfeng Guo, Andrew Hacket‐Pain, Arndt Hampe, Qingmin Han, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Jill F. Johnstone, Daisuke Kabeya, Roland Kays, Thomas Kitzberger, Johannes M. H. Knops, Richard K. Kobe, Georges Kunstler, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Theodor Leininger, Jean‐Marc Limousin, James A. Lutz, Diana Macias, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Christopher M. Moore, Emily Moran, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Kyotaro Noguchi, Jean‐Marc Ourcival, Robert Parmenter, Ian S. Pearse, Ignacio M. Perez‐Ramos, Lukasz Piechnik, John Poulsen, Renata Poulton‐Kamakura, Tong Qiu, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, Francisco Rodriguez‐Sanchez, Javier D. Sanguinetti, C. Lane Scher, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Michael A. Steele, Nathan L. Stephenson, Jacob N. Straub, Jennifer J. Swenson, Margaret Swift, Peter A. Thomas, Maria Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Amy V. Whipple, Thomas G. Whitham, Boyd Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Roman Zlotin, Magdalena Zywiec, James S. Clark, National Science Foundation (US), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Belmont Forum, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Espelta, Josep Maria [0000-0002-0242-4988], Kays, Roland [0000-0002-2947-6665], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Ibáñez, Inés [0000-0002-1054-0727], Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel [0000-0003-2332-7818], Scher, C. Lane [0000-0003-3689-5769], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Wright, S. Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Clark, James S. [0000-0002-5677-9733], Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), University of Colorado [Boulder], Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Western Ecological Research Center, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO Demeter), Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Cornell University [New York], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of California (UC), USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), University of Liverpool, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Departement Erdwissenschaften [ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Akita University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University [Suzhou], Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), DePaul University [Chicago], USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Utah State University (USU), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Colby College, University of California [Merced] (UC Merced), University of Ljubljana, National Park Service, United States Geological Survey (USGS), Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Duke University [Durham], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), Wake Forest University, Wilkes University, Partenaires INRAE, State University of New York (SUNY), Keele University [Keele], Columbia University [New York], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of New England (UNE), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, National Science Foundation (NSF)DEB-1754443National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)AIST16-0052AIST18-0063Belmont Forum1854976, ANR-18-MPGA-0004,FORBIC,Prévision du changement de la biodiversité(2018), Journé, Valentin, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Dietze, Michael, Espelta, Josep Maria, Kays, Roland, Hampe, Arndt, Kunstler, Georges, Ibáñez, Inés, Pérez-Ramos, Ignacio Manuel, Scher, C. Lane, Uriarte, María, Wright, S. Joseph, Zhu, Kai, Zywiec, Magdalena, Clark, James S., and McGlinn, Daniel

Subjects
S1, Climate, Forests, Regenerative Medicine, Forest regeneration, Trees, Seed consumption, Species interactions, climate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SD, tree fecundity, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Evolutionary Biology, species interactions, Ecology, competition, forest regeneration, seed consumption, Biodiversity, Fertility, Seeds, Competition, Ecological Applications, Tree fecundity
Abstract

12 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 67 referencias.- Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of the article at the publisher’s website .- The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1111/ele.14012 .- All data and code supporting our results are archived on the Zenodo Repository at the following link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6381799, Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250-fold increase in seed abundance from cold-dry to warm-wet climates, driven primarily by a 100-fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics., The project has been funded by grants to JSC from the National Science Foundation, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the Belmont Forum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063) and the Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004) (Make Our Planet Great Again). Jerry Franklin’s data remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants, most recently, DEB 0963447 and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647. MB was supported by grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050 from the (Polish) National Science Centre, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. Research by the USDA Forest Service and the USGS was funded by these agencies. Any use of trade, firm or product names does not imply endorsement by the US Government.

Published
2022

13. MASTREE+ : time-series of plant reproductive effort from six continents

Author

Andrew Hacket‐Pain, Jessie J. Foest, Ian S. Pearse, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Walter D. Koenig, Giorgio Vacchiano, Michał Bogdziewicz, Thomas Caignard, Paulina Celebias, Joep van Dormolen, Marcos Fernández‐Martínez, Jose V. Moris, Ciprian Palaghianu, Mario Pesendorfer, Akiko Satake, Eliane Schermer, Andrew J. Tanentzap, Peter A. Thomas, Davide Vecchio, Andreas P. Wion, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Tingting Xue, Katharine Abernethy, Marie‐Claire Aravena Acuña, Marcelo Daniel Barrera, Jessica H. Barton, Stan Boutin, Emma R. Bush, Sergio Donoso Calderón, Felipe S. Carevic, Carolina Volkmer de Castilho, Juan Manuel Cellini, Colin A. Chapman, Hazel Chapman, Francesco Chianucci, Patricia da Costa, Luc Croisé, Andrea Cutini, Ben Dantzer, R. Justin DeRose, Jean‐Thoussaint Dikangadissi, Edmond Dimoto, Fernanda Lopes da Fonseca, Leonardo Gallo, Georg Gratzer, David F. Greene, Martín A. Hadad, Alejandro Huertas Herrera, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Jill F. Johnstone, Urs Kalbitzer, Władysław Kantorowicz, Christie A. Klimas, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jeffrey Lane, Katharina Lapin, Mateusz Ledwoń, Abigail C. Leeper, Maria Vanessa Lencinas, Ana Cláudia Lira‐Guedes, Michael C. Lordon, Paula Marchelli, Shealyn Marino, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Andrew G. McAdam, Ludovic R. W. Momont, Manuel Nicolas, Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Wadt, Parisa Panahi, Guillermo Martínez Pastur, Thomas Patterson, Pablo Luis Peri, Łukasz Piechnik, Mehdi Pourhashemi, Claudia Espinoza Quezada, Fidel A. Roig, Karen Peña Rojas, Yamina Micaela Rosas, Silvio Schueler, Barbara Seget, Rosina Soler, Michael A. Steele, Mónica Toro‐Manríquez, Caroline E. G. Tutin, Tharcisse Ukizintambara, Lee White, Biplang Yadok, John L. Willis, Anita Zolles, Magdalena Żywiec, Davide Ascoli, CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR, PATRICIA DA COSTA, CNPMA, ANA CLAUDIA LIRA GUEDES, CPAF-AP, FERNANDA LOPES DA FONSECA, CPAF-AC, LUCIA HELENA DE OLIVEIRA WADT, CPAF-RO., Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Foest, Jessie J [0000-0002-8236-4646], Pearse, Ian S [0000-0001-7098-0495], LaMontagne, Jalene M [0000-0001-7713-8591], Koenig, Walter D [0000-0001-6207-1427], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Bogdziewicz, Michał [0000-0002-6777-9034], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Celebias, Paulina [0000-0001-9916-2904], Fernández-Martínez, Marcos [0000-0002-5661-3610], Moris, Jose V [0000-0003-0241-7910], Palaghianu, Ciprian [0000-0003-2496-2135], Pesendorfer, Mario [0000-0002-7994-7090], Satake, Akiko [0000-0002-0831-8617], Schermer, Eliane [0000-0001-7302-2241], Tanentzap, Andrew J [0000-0002-2883-1901], Thomas, Peter A [0000-0003-3115-3301], Wion, Andreas P [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wohlgemuth, Thomas [0000-0002-4623-0894], Abernethy, Katharine [0000-0002-0393-9342], Aravena Acuña, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Daniel Barrera, Marcelo [0000-0002-9207-8109], Barton, Jessica H [0000-0002-2016-4278], Boutin, Stan [0000-0001-6317-038X], Bush, Emma R [0000-0003-4036-125X], Donoso Calderón, Sergio [0000-0002-4599-4702], Carevic, Felipe S [0000-0002-6137-2057], de Castilho, Carolina Volkmer [0000-0002-1064-2758], Manuel Cellini, Juan [0000-0002-7870-5751], Chapman, Colin A [0000-0002-8827-8140], Chapman, Hazel [0000-0001-8509-703X], Chianucci, Francesco [0000-0002-5688-2060], da Costa, Patricia [0000-0002-5192-6685], Cutini, Andrea [0000-0002-7033-2399], Dantzer, Ben [0000-0002-3058-265X], Justin DeRose, R [0000-0002-4849-7744], da Fonseca, Fernanda Lopes [0000-0001-7289-6684], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Hadad, Martín A [0000-0002-9334-064X], Herrera, Alejandro Huertas [0000-0003-2229-6714], Johnstone, Jill F [0000-0001-6131-9339], Kalbitzer, Urs [0000-0002-6289-7971], Kantorowicz, Władysław [0000-0002-2474-0113], Klimas, Christie A [0000-0001-9362-1305], Lageard, Jonathan GA [0000-0001-8971-0444], Lapin, Katharina [0000-0003-4462-2058], Ledwoń, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Vanessa Lencinas, Maria [0000-0002-2123-3976], Lira-Guedes, Ana Cláudia [0000-0001-9200-4727], Marchelli, Paula [0000-0002-6949-0656], McAdam, Andrew G [0000-0001-7323-2572], Nicolas, Manuel [0000-0002-0885-1227], de Oliveira Wadt, Lúcia Helena [0000-0002-5018-7550], Panahi, Parisa [0000-0002-5295-9534], Martínez Pastur, Guillermo [0000-0003-2614-5403], Patterson, Thomas [0000-0002-3498-893X], Luis Peri, Pablo [0000-0002-5398-4408], Piechnik, Łukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Pourhashemi, Mehdi [0000-0002-8918-6336], Roig, Fidel A [0000-0003-0987-0486], Peña Rojas, Karen [0000-0001-6795-1503], Micaela Rosas, Yamina [0000-0001-7476-399X], Schueler, Silvio [0000-0003-0155-5692], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Soler, Rosina [0000-0002-5799-1672], Toro-Manríquez, Mónica [0000-0001-6492-1333], White, Lee [0000-0002-4595-5981], Yadok, Biplang [0000-0001-5926-9897], Willis, John L [0000-0003-0238-0003], Zolles, Anita [0000-0003-3476-3172], Żywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, US Geological Survey [Fort Collins], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Department of Biological Sciences [Chicago], University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava (USU), Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Kyushu University, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE GROUP DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), School of Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], Faculty of Natural Sciences [Stirling], University of Stirling, Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Department of Biological Sciences [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh], Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Department of Anthropology [George Washington University] (GW), The George Washington University (GW), School of biological Sciences [Christchurch], University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Centro di Viticoltura ed Enologia [CREA], Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Département Recherche-Développement-Innovation, Office National des Forêts (ONF), Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux du Gabon (ANPN), Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Universidad Austral de Chile, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, forest research institute, Department of silviculture and genetics of forest trees, Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, and Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)

Subjects
Plantas Perennes, Reclutamiento, demography, Seed production, Regeneración, Regeneration (biological), Q1, Perennials, Flowering, Plant Propagation, Evolución de las Estrategias Reproductivas, Ecología Vegetal, flowering, general flowering, masting, plant reproduction, recruitment, regeneration, Propagación de Plantas, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Ecosistemas de Tierras Secas, Reproduction, R735, Plants, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Seeds, General flowering, Recruitment, Strategies, FOS: Medical biotechnology, demography, flowering, general flowering, masting, plant reproduction, recruitment, regeneration, Dryland Ecosystems, Plant reproduction, ddc:570, Environmental Chemistry, Demografía, Regeneration, Floración, Time Series Analysis, Ecosystem, Demography, Plant Ecology, Masting, QR, Evolution of Reproductive Strategies, FOS: Biological sciences, Análisis de Series Temporales, Estrategias
Abstract

Significant gaps remain in understanding the response of plant reproduction to environmental change. This is partly because measuring reproduction in long-lived plants requires direct observation over many years and such datasets have rarely been made publicly available. Here we introduce MASTREE+, a data set that collates reproductive time-series data from across the globe and makes these data freely available to the community. MASTREE+ includes 73,828 georeferenced observations of annual reproduction (e.g. seed and fruit counts) in perennial plant populations worldwide. These observations consist of 5971 population-level time-series from 974 species in 66 countries. The mean and median time-series length is 12.4 and 10 years respectively, and the data set includes 1122 series that extend over at least two decades (≥20 years of observations). For a subset of well-studied species, MASTREE+ includes extensive replication of time-series across geographical and climatic gradients. Here we describe the open-access data set, available as a.csv file, and we introduce an associated web-based app for data exploration. MASTREE+ will provide the basis for improved understanding of the response of long-lived plant reproduction to environmental change. Additionally, MASTREE+ will enable investigation of the ecology and evolution of reproductive strategies in perennial plants, and the role of plant reproduction as a driver of ecosystem dynamics. EEA Santa Cruz Fil: Hacket-Pain, Andrew. University of Liverpool. School of Environmental Sciences. Department of Geography and Planning; Reino Unido Fil: Foest, Jessie J. University of Liverpool. School of Environmental Sciences. Department of Geography and Planning; Reino Unido Fil: Pearse, Ian S. U.S. Fort Collins Science Center. Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: LaMontagne, Jalene M. DePaul University. Department of Biological Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Koenig, Walter D. University of California Berkeley. Hastings Reservation; Estados Unidos Fil: Vacchiano, Giorgio. University of Milan. Milan Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Italia. Fil: Bogdziewicz, Michał. Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Biology. Institute of Environmental Biology; Polonia Fil: Bogdziewicz, Michał. University Grenoble Alpes. INRAE, LESSEM; Francia Fil: Caignard, Thomas. Université Bordeaux. INRAE, BIOGECO; Francia Fil: Celebias, Paulina. Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Biology. Institute of Environmental Biology; Polonia Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Ascoli, Davide. University of Torino. Department of Agricultural. Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA); Italia Fil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentina

Published
2022

14. Is there tree senescence? The fecundity evidence

Author

Catherine A. Gehring, Tong Qiu, Kai Zhu, Richard K. Kobe, María Uriarte, James A. Lutz, Connie J. Clark, S. Joseph Wright, William Farfan-Rios, Sylvain Delzon, Thomas G. Whitham, Robert A. Andrus, Georges Kunstler, John R. Poulsen, Marie-Claire Aravena, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Andreas P. Wion, Ian S. Pearse, Amy V. Whipple, Miranda D. Redmond, Shubhi Sharma, Michał Bogdziewicz, Thomas A. Nagel, James S. Clark, Christopher L. Kilner, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Valentin Journé, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Margaret Swift, C. D. Reid, Jonathan Myers, Thomas T. Veblen, Benoît Courbaud, Walter D. Koenig, Kyle C. Rodman, Inés Ibáñez, Rafael Calama, Chase L. Nuñez, C. Lane Scher, Barbara Seget, Mateusz Ledwoń, Łukasz Piechnik, J. Julio Camarero, Qinfeng Guo, Thomas Boivin, Davide Ascoli, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Jennifer J. Swenson, Raúl Bonal, Sergio Calderón, Renata Poulton-Kamakura, Jess K. Zimmerman, Giorgio Vacchiano, Magdalena Żywiec, Miles R. Silman, Gregory S. Gilbert, Thomas Caignard, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Roberta Berretti, Yves Bergeron, Renzo Motta, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Universidad de Chile, University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue (UQAT), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Missouri Botanical Garden, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, US Forest Service, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Akita University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of California [Berkeley], DePaul University [Chicago], Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University (USU), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), University of Ljubljana, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Fort Collins Science Center (FORT), US Geological Survey [Fort Collins], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS)-United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wake Forest University, Columbia University [New York], Department and Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, (DiSAA), University of Milan, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), National Science Foundation (NSF) : 1754443, Belmont Forum : 1854976, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Advanced Information Systems Technology) : 16-0052 AIST18-0063, National Science Foundation (NSF) : DEB-1440409, W. Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Foundation for Polish Science : 2019/33/B/NZ8/0134, National Science Foundation (NSF) : DEB 0963447 11222325 LTREB 1754647, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)United States Forest Service, and ANR-18-MPGA-0004,FORBIC,Prévision du changement de la biodiversité(2018)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Senescence, Crown architecture, Biology, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Trees, tree senescence, Tree life history, Models, Regeneration, Tree senescence, Architectural change, Allometric scaling, tree fecundity, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, crown architecture, Crown (botany), Regression analysis, 15. Life on land, Biological Sciences, Fecundity, Biological, Rate of increase, Fertility, Tree fecundity, Tree (set theory), Allometry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, allometric scaling, 010606 plant biology & botany, tree life history
Abstract

International audience; Despite its importance for forest regeneration, food webs, and human economies, changes in tree fecundity with tree size and age remain largely unknown. The allometric increase with tree diameter assumed in ecological models would substantially overestimate seed contributions from large trees if fecundity eventually declines with size. Current estimates are dominated by overrepresentation of small trees in regression models. We combined global fecundity data, including a substantial representation of large trees. We compared size–fecundity relationships against traditional allometric scaling with diameter and two models based on crown architecture. All allometric models fail to describe the declining rate of increase in fecundity with diameter found for 80% of 597 species in our analysis. The strong evidence of declining fecundity, beyond what can be explained by crown architectural change, is consistent with physiological decline. A downward revision of projected fecundity of large trees can improve the next generation of forest dynamic models.

Published
2021

15. Seed predation selects for reproductive variability and synchrony in perennial plants

Author

Andrew J. Tanentzap, Michał Bogdziewicz, Shealyn Marino, Michael A. Steele, Jakub Szymkowiak, Barbara Seget, Magdalena Żywiec, Rafael Calama, Łukasz Piechnik, National Science Centre (Poland), National Science Foundation (US), Wilkes University, Bogdziewicz, Michał, Szymkowiak, Jakub, Tanentzap, Andrew J, Calama, Rafael, Seget, Barbara, Piechnik, Łukasz, Żywiec, Magdalena, Bogdziewicz, Michał [0000-0002-6777-9034], Szymkowiak, Jakub [0000-0002-4595-1876], Tanentzap, Andrew J [0000-0002-2883-1901], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Piechnik, Łukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], and Żywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Quercus montana, Perennial plant, Physiology, Plant Science, Biology, Sorbus aucuparia, 01 natural sciences, Predispersal seed predation, Reproductive synchrony, Predation, 03 medical and health sciences, Quercus, Predator satiation, Animals, Mast (botany), Mast seeding, Ecology, Reproduction, Seed survival, biology.organism_classification, Pinus, 030104 developmental biology, Seed predation, Predatory Behavior, Phenotypic selection, Seeds, Economies of scale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), Annually variable and synchronous seed production by plant populations, or masting, is a widespread reproductive strategy in long-lived plants. Masting is thought to be selectively beneficial because interannual variability and synchrony increase the fitness of plants through economies of scale that decrease the cost of reproduction per surviving offspring. Predator satiation is believed to be a key economy of scale, but whether it can drive phenotypic evolution for masting in plants has been rarely explored. We used data from seven plant species (Quercus humilis, Quercus ilex, Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, Quercus montana, Sorbus aucuparia and Pinus pinea) to determine whether predispersal seed predation selects for plant phenotypes that mast. Predation selected for interannual variability in Mediterranean oaks (Q. humilis and Q. ilex), for synchrony in Q. rubra, and for both interannual variability and reproductive synchrony in S. aucuparia and P. pinea. Predation never selected for negative temporal autocorrelation of seed production. Predation by invertebrates appears to select for only some aspects of masting, most importantly high coefficient of variation, supporting individual-level benefits of the population-level phenomenon of mast seeding. Determining the selective benefits of masting is complex because of interactions with other seed predators, which may impose contradictory selective pressures., The research was supported by (Polish) National Science Centre grant nos. 2018/28/U/NZ8/00003 (Uwertura) and 2017/24/C/NZ8/00151 (Sonatina). SM and MAS recognize support from the US National Science Foundation (DEB-9442602, DBI-9978807, DEB-0642504 and DEB-15556707), the H. Fenner Endowment of Wilkes University and landowners (G. Vanesky, W. & M. Martin, F. Balliet and Hawk Mountain Sanctuary) for long-term use of their forests. RC’s research is funded by National Project OLDPINE AGL-2017-83828-C2.1R., 8 Pág.

Published
2020

16. Phytoextraction efficiency of Arabidopsis halleri is driven by the plant and not by soil metal concentration

Author

Barbara Seget, Susan Tandy, Charlotte C. Dietrich, Kamila Murawska-Wlodarczyk, Angelika Banaś, Urszula Korzeniak, and Alicja Babst-Kostecka

Subjects
Arabidopsis halleri, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Population, Arabidopsis, Biomass, Trace metal elements, Article, Pseudometallophyte, Metal, Soil, Humans, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Hyperaccumulator, Trace metal, education, Phytoextraction efficiency, education.field_of_study, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, DGT, Pollution, Zinc, Phytoremediation, Biodegradation, Environmental, Agronomy, visual_art, Shoot, Hyperaccumulation, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, Cadmium
Abstract

The hyperaccumulation trait allows some plant species to allocate remarkable amounts of trace metal elements (TME) to their foliage without suffering from toxicity. Utilizing hyperaccumulating plants to remediate TME contaminated sites could provide a sustainable alternative to industrial approaches. A major hurdle that currently hampers this approach is the complexity of the plant-soil relationship. To better anticipate the outcome of future phytoremediation efforts, we evaluated the potential for soil metal-bioavailability to predict TME accumulation in two non-metallicolous and two metallicolous populations of the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri. We also examined the relationship between a population's habitat and its phytoextraction efficiency. Total Zn and Cd concentrations were quantified in soil and plant material, and bioavailable fractions in soil were quantified via Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT). We found that shoot TME accumulation varied independent from both total and bioavailable soil TME concentrations in metallicolous individuals. In fact, hyperaccumulation patterns appear more plant- and less soil-driven: one non-metallicolous population proved to be as efficient in accumulating Zn on non-polluted soil as the metallicolous populations in their highly contaminated environment. Our findings demonstrate that in-situ information on plant phytoextraction efficiency is indispensable to optimize site-specific phytoremediation measures. If successful, hyperaccumulating plant biomass may provide valuable source material for application in the emerging field of green chemistry.

Published
2021

17. Microsite-specific 25-year mortality of Norway spruce saplings

Author

Łukasz Piechnik, Michał Bogdziewicz, Przemysław Kurek, Barbara Seget, Fiona Milne-Rostkowska, Magdalena Żywiec, and Jan Holeksa

Subjects
Canopy, Tree canopy, biology, Forestry, Picea abies, Windthrow, Microsite, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Dryopteris dilatata, Athyrium distentifolium, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Subalpine forest
Abstract

Regeneration of coniferous tree species depends on forest structures related to tree death: canopy gaps, decaying wood, and windthrow mounds and pits. This also applies to Norway spruce (Picea abies), which abundantly regenerates from seeds on dead wood and windthrow mounds, and which benefits from gaps in the forest canopy. Accumulated evidence shows much lower mortality of seedlings on elevated structures than on soil, but for saplings the long-term mortality pattern is poorly known. We studied Norway spruce sapling mortality in a natural old-growth subalpine forest in the Western Carpathians (S Poland), tracking the fate of 1304 saplings growing in different conditions. We found that the 25-year sapling mortality rate significantly differed between three types of microsites, being highest on dead wood (49%), intermediate on undisturbed soil (41%) and lowest on mounds (30%). Sapling mortality decreased with increasing canopy openness. Mortality was highest for medium-sized saplings (2–3 m high), regardless of microsite type and mortality cause. For saplings growing on dead wood, mortality increased with increasing decay class of the wood. For those growing on soil, mortality was higher in patches of Athyrium distentifolium than when surrounded by Vaccinium myrtillus and Dryopteris dilatata. We did not detect differences in mortality between saplings growing next to tree trunks and those growing away from them. The pattern of sapling mortality differed from that of seedlings, but it did not change the regeneration pattern over microsites, which is established at the seedling stage. In particular, we believe that the considerable differences in mortality rates between dead wood and the other microsites at the sapling stage cannot counterbalance increased seedling recruitment and survival on dead wood.

Published
2021

18. Where can palatable young trees escape herbivore pressure in a protected forest?

Author

Przemysław Kurek, Barbara Seget, Michał Bogdziewicz, Fiona Milne-Rostkowska, Jakub Buda, Jan Holeksa, Magdalena Żywiec, and Łukasz Piechnik

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Forest floor, Canopy, Herbivore, Ungulate, biology, Ecology, Biodiversity, Forestry, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Sorbus aucuparia, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Tree stand, Rowan, 010606 plant biology & botany, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Browsing damage by ungulates is among the most decisive factors affecting the establishment and growth of young trees. In recent decades, ungulate populations have been expanding in the Northern Hemisphere; impairment of tree regeneration by their activity is an increasing problem. Herbivore-induced changes in tree regeneration may alter the composition and biodiversity of the future tree stand. In this study we determined where young trees can leave the seedling bank and succeed to higher forest strata in a protected natural forest that is under strong herbivore pressure. We studied rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) regeneration in a subalpine spruce forest growing in a strictly protected area of Babia Gora National Park (Western Carpathians). Rowan is one of the most palatable forest species, so browsing can significantly limit its growth. We predicted that factors, that restrict the movement of red deer (Cervus elaphus), decrease their visits in some forest patches, which will result in a higher share of rowan saplings. We also considered two other factors that can affect the distribution of rowan saplings: light availability and distance to maternal trees. In particular, we tested whether the occurrence of rowan saplings was related to: (i) slope angle, amount of logs lying on the forest floor, and distance to the hiking trails; (ii) distance to fruit-bearing trees; and (iii) canopy openness. The results confirmed our main predictions concerning the relation between the occurrence of palatable tree saplings and the availability of a forest area to ungulates. Factors related to the availability of terrain to red deer significantly influenced the distribution of rowan saplings taller than 1 m. The probability of rowan sapling occurrence increased when the amount of logs was higher and the distance to hiking trails was shorter. Slope had a significant negative impact on sapling occurrence. We found no effect of proximity of fruit-bearing rowan trees or canopy gap area. Thus, in the natural forest, the likelihood that young palatable trees will make the transition from seedlings to taller saplings seems to be determined mainly by factors related to ungulate activity. This suggests that the increase of ungulate populations and their browsing behavior will affect the species composition and spatial structure of future tree stands.

Published
2020

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