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1. Assessment of a HER2 scoring system for colorectal cancer: results from a validation study

Author

Vittorina Zagonel, Silvia Marsoni, Giuseppe Viale, Giuseppe Tonini, Frédérique Penaullt-Llorca, Carlo Garufi, Fotios Loupakis, Salvatore Siena, Carmine Pinto, Francesco Leone, Claudio Graiff, Giuseppe Aprile, Silvio Veronese, Massimo Rugge, Mauro Risio, Walter F. Grigioni, Emanuele Valtorta, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi, Mauro Truini, Sara Lonardi, Barbara Frau, Katia Bencardino, Stefania Mosconi, Marcello Gambacorta, Johannes Noe, Patrizia Racca, Calogero Lauricella, Roberto Labianca, Fortunato Ciardiello, Cosimo Martino, Valtorta, Emanuele, Martino, Cosimo, Sartore Bianchi, Andrea, Penaullt Llorca, Frédérique, Viale, Giuseppe, Risio, Mauro, Rugge, Massimo, Grigioni, Walter, Bencardino, Katia, Lonardi, Sara, Zagonel, Vittorina, Leone, Francesco, Noe, Johanne, Ciardiello, Fortunato, Pinto, Carmine, Labianca, Roberto, Mosconi, Stefania, Graiff, Claudio, Aprile, Giuseppe, Frau, Barbara, Garufi, Carlo, Loupakis, Fotio, Racca, Patrizia, Tonini, Giuseppe, Lauricella, Calogero, Veronese, Silvio, Truini, Mauro, Siena, Salvatore, Marsoni, Silvia, and Gambacorta, Marcello

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Colorectal cancer, Receptor, ErbB-2, Concordance, Population, Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Area Under Curve, Biomarkers, Tumor, Colorectal Neoplasms, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Middle Aged, Quinazolines, ROC Curve, Trastuzumab, Patient Selection, 2734, Medicine (all), medicine.disease_cause, Lapatinib, Fluorescence, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, ErbB-2, Medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, education, neoplasms, In Situ Hybridization, education.field_of_study, Tumor, Predictive marker, business.industry, Cancer, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, KRAS, business, Biomarkers, Receptor, medicine.drug
Abstract

We sought to develop criteria for ERBB2-positivity (HER2) in colorectal cancer to ensure accurate identification of ERBB2-amplified metastatic colorectal cancer patients suitable for enrollment in a phase II trial of ERBB2-targeted therapy (HERACLES trial). A two-step approach was used. In step 1, a consensus panel of pathologists adapted existing protocols for use in colorectal cancer to test ERBB2 expression and amplification. Collegial revision of an archival test cohort of colorectal cancer samples led to specific recommendations for adapting current breast and gastric cancer criteria for scoring ERBB2 in colorectal cancer. In step 2, from September 2012 to January 2015, colorectal-specific ERBB2 testing protocols and ERBB2 scoring criteria were used to centrally screen for ERBB2-positive KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer patients to be enrolled in the HERACLES trial (clinical validation cohort). In both archival test (N=256) and clinical validation (N=830) cohorts, a clinically sizeable 5% fraction of KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer patients was found to be ERBB2-positive according to the colorectal cancer-specific ERBB2 scoring criteria. ERBB2-positive tumors showed ERBB2 immunostaining consisting of intense membranous ERBB2 protein expression, corresponding to homogenous ERBB2 amplification, in >50% of cells. None of the immunohistochemistry 0 or 1+ cases was amplified. Concordance between SISH and FISH was 100%. In conclusion, we propose specific criteria for defining ERBB2-positivity in colorectal cancer (HERACLES Diagnostic Criteria). In a phase II trial of trastuzumab and lapatinib in a cetuximab-resistant population, HERACLES Diagnostic Criteria shaped the selection of patients and defined ERBB2 as a predictive marker for response to ERBB2-targeted therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Published
2015

2. Aprepitant versus metoclopramide, both combined with dexamethasone, for preventing cisplatin-induced delayed emesis: A randomized, double-blind study

Author

Filippo Zerilli, Aurora Mirabile, I. Colantonio, Enzo Ballatori, Barbara Frau, Fausto Roila, Sergio Fava, Sonia Fatigoni, Stefania Eufemia Lutrino, Libero Ciuffreda, Benedetta Ruggeri, Luigi Cavanna, and Lucia Angelelli

Subjects
Cisplatin, Cancer Research, Metoclopramide, Nausea, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Pharmacology, Receptor antagonist, Double blind study, Oncology, medicine, Vomiting, medicine.symptom, business, Dexamethasone, Aprepitant, medicine.drug
Abstract

9503 Background: A combination of aprepitant, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and dexamethasone is recommended for the prophylaxis of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting in acute phase, and aprepita...

Published
2014

3. Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty: Long-Term Results

Author

Barbara Frau, U Murialdo, M. Zingirian, Raffaella Lotti, Carlo Enrico Traverso, and Giovanni Calabria

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Intraocular pressure, Trabeculoplasty, genetic structures, Open angle glaucoma, business.industry, Eye disease, medicine.medical_treatment, Glaucoma, Argon laser trabeculoplasty, Long term results, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Ophthalmology, Glaucoma surgery, Medicine, business
Abstract

We analyzed the long-term success of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) performed in 237 eyes of 175 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma and followed for up to 11 years (maximum, 132 months) after treatment. The cumulative proportion of success, defined as the avoidance of glaucoma surgery or an intraocular pressure never exceeding 22 mm Hg, was calculated throughout follow up using the KaplanMeier life-table analysis. The success rates were: 78% at 1 year (n =205), 71% at 3 years (n = 139), 61% at 5 years (n = 73), and 40% at 10.5 years (n = 19). Our data confirm previous reports of the high initial success rate of ALT, followed by a time-dependent decrease in its efficacy.

Published
1995

4. Reliability of applanation tonometry readings obtained with a disposable latex cap

Author

S Cerruti, Barbara Frau, Carlandrea Trillo, Carlo Enrico Traverso, and Raffaella Lotti

Subjects
Applanation tonometry, Intraocular pressure, Infection Control, Latex, business.industry, General Medicine, Sensory Systems, Ophthalmology, Tonometry, Ocular, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Anesthesia, Medicine, Humans, business, Reliability (statistics), Intraocular Pressure
Abstract

Background: To verify the accuracy of applanation tonometry through disposable latex caps used to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. Methods: Tonometry was performed in 80 patients. Each patient underwent two intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements with and without the latex. In group A patients tonometry was performed first without the cap; in group B tonometry was performed first with the cap. Each group was also divided into patients with IOP, ≥20 mm Hg (A1; B1) and patients with IOP Results: The mean difference of tonometry readings was equal to –0.36 ± 1.62 mm Hg in group A, –0.03 ± 1.77 mm Hg in group A1, –0.61 ± 1.45 mm Hg in group A2, 0.23 ± 1.44 in group B, 0.64 ± 1.41 mm Hg in group B1, 0.05 ± 1.42 in group B2. A statistically significant correlation was found in group A, in group A2, B, B1 and B2; a less significant correlation was found in group A1. Conclusions: The use of the latex caps does not alter the reliability of tonometry readings as long as the cap is applied tightly. Measurement variation in our study is comparable to published data on applanation tonometry.

Published
1999

5. Health and economic impact of air pollution in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Anamika Pandey, Michael Brauer, Maureen L Cropper, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Prashant Mathur, Sagnik Dey, Burak Turkgulu, G Anil Kumar, Mukesh Khare, Gufran Beig, Tarun Gupta, Rinu P Krishnankutty, Kate Causey, Aaron J Cohen, Stuti Bhargava, Ashutosh N Aggarwal, Anurag Agrawal, Shally Awasthi, Fiona Bennitt, Sadhana Bhagwat, P Bhanumati, Katrin Burkart, Joy K Chakma, Thomas C Chiles, Sourangsu Chowdhury, D J Christopher, Subhojit Dey, Samantha Fisher, Barbara Fraumeni, Richard Fuller, Aloke G Ghoshal, Mahaveer J Golechha, Prakash C Gupta, Rachita Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Shreekant Gupta, Sarath Guttikunda, David Hanrahan, Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Tushar K Joshi, Rajni Kant, Surya Kant, Tanvir Kaur, Parvaiz A Koul, Praveen Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Samantha L Larson, Rakesh Lodha, Kishore K Madhipatla, P A Mahesh, Ridhima Malhotra, Shunsuke Managi, Keith Martin, Matthews Mathai, Joseph L Mathew, Ravi Mehrotra, B V Murali Mohan, Viswananthan Mohan, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Parul Mutreja, Nitish Naik, Sanjeev Nair, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Pallavi Pant, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Poornima Prabhakaran, Goura K Rath, Shamika Ravi, Ambuj Roy, Yogesh D Sabde, Sundeep Salvi, Sankar Sambandam, Bhavay Sharma, Meenakshi Sharma, Shweta Sharma, R S Sharma, Aakash Shrivastava, Sujeet Singh, Virendra Singh, Rodney Smith, Jeffrey D Stanaway, Gabrielle Taghian, Nikhil Tandon, J S Thakur, Nihal J Thomas, G S Toteja, Chris M Varghese, Chandra Venkataraman, Krishnan N Venugopal, Katherine D Walker, Alexandrea Y Watson, Sarah Wozniak, Denis Xavier, Gautam N Yadama, Geetika Yadav, D K Shukla, Hendrik J Bekedam, K Srinath Reddy, Randeep Guleria, Theo Vos, Stephen S Lim, Rakhi Dandona, Sunil Kumar, Pushpam Kumar, Philip J Landrigan, and Lalit Dandona

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Summary: Background: The association of air pollution with multiple adverse health outcomes is becoming well established, but its negative economic impact is less well appreciated. It is important to elucidate this impact for the states of India. Methods: We estimated exposure to ambient particulate matter pollution, household air pollution, and ambient ozone pollution, and their attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years in every state of India as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. We estimated the economic impact of air pollution as the cost of lost output due to premature deaths and morbidity attributable to air pollution for every state of India, using the cost-of-illness method. Findings: 1·67 million (95% uncertainty interval 1·42–1·92) deaths were attributable to air pollution in India in 2019, accounting for 17·8% (15·8–19·5) of the total deaths in the country. The majority of these deaths were from ambient particulate matter pollution (0·98 million [0·77–1·19]) and household air pollution (0·61 million [0·39–0·86]). The death rate due to household air pollution decreased by 64·2% (52·2–74·2) from 1990 to 2019, while that due to ambient particulate matter pollution increased by 115·3% (28·3–344·4) and that due to ambient ozone pollution increased by 139·2% (96·5–195·8). Lost output from premature deaths and morbidity attributable to air pollution accounted for economic losses of US$28·8 billion (21·4–37·4) and $8·0 billion (5·9–10·3), respectively, in India in 2019. This total loss of $36·8 billion (27·4–47·7) was 1·36% of India's gross domestic product (GDP). The economic loss as a proportion of the state GDP varied 3·2 times between the states, ranging from 0·67% (0·47–0·91) to 2·15% (1·60–2·77), and was highest in the low per-capita GDP states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. Delhi had the highest per-capita economic loss due to air pollution, followed by Haryana in 2019, with 5·4 times variation across all states. Interpretation: The high burden of death and disease due to air pollution and its associated substantial adverse economic impact from loss of output could impede India's aspiration to be a $5 trillion economy by 2024. Successful reduction of air pollution in India through state-specific strategies would lead to substantial benefits for both the health of the population and the economy. Funding: UN Environment Programme; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; and Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.

Published
2021
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