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Abstract It remains unknown how species’ populations across their geographic range are constrained by multiple coincident natural and anthropogenic environmental gradients. Conservation actions are likely undermined without this knowledge because the relative importance of the multiple anthropogenic threats is not set within the context of the natural determinants of species’ distributions. We introduce the concept of a species ‘shadow distribution’ to address this knowledge gap, using explainable artificial intelligence to deconstruct the environmental building blocks of current species distributions. We assess shadow distributions for multiple threatened freshwater fishes in Switzerland which indicated how and where species respond negatively to threats — with negative threat impacts covering 88% of locations inside species’ environmental niches leading to a 25% reduction in environmental suitability. Our findings highlight that conservation of species’ geographic distributions is likely insufficient when biodiversity mapping is based on species distribution models, or threat mapping, without also quantifying species’ expected or shadow distributions. Overall, we show how priority actions for nature’s recovery can be identified and contextualised within the multiple natural constraints on biodiversity to better meet national and international biodiversity targets.

It is known that social support is one of the main protective factors in the postpartum period. In addition, studies report the association between biological rhythm disruption and its consequences on health, especially mental, but little is known about the possible causes of this disruption. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the perception of social support and the biological rhythm in women at three months postpartum in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study nested within a population-based cohort study, using data from an assessment performed 90 to 120 days postpartum. The mother's perception of social support was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS), while biological rhythm was measured by the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN). Sample composition was based on data from 755 women. After adjusting by linear regression for the potential confounders of schooling and economic class, all domains of social support (material support, affective support, emotional support, informational support and positive social interaction) remained negatively associated with biological rhythm (p < .001). Thus, regression analysis shows for each increment of one point in the domains of social support, there was a decrease between 0,160 and 0,189 points in the maternal biological rhythm. All domains of social support were associated with disruption of the biological rhythm, which reinforces the need for adequate support, especially in a period of many demands, for good maternal health.

ABSTRACT Objective: We evaluated the protective effect of postpartum resilience (measured before the pandemic onset) on the prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety symptoms during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The sample included 589 mothers from a longitudinal study in southern Brazil. Three months after delivery we assessed maternal resilience through the Resilience Scale (RS). The Generalized Anxiety Disorders 7-item (GAD-7) was used to assess anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The prevalence of severe to moderate anxiety symptoms in this sample was 28.4% (95% CI: 25.0; 32.0). Resilience showed to be a protective factor against moderate to severe anxiety symptoms during the pandemic (OR: 0.98; p

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência e identificar os fatores associados à ausência do acompanhante de parto em mulheres no sul do Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 466 parturientes, pertencentes a uma coorte de mulheres da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Aos 18 meses pós-parto, foi aplicado um questionário estruturado com dados sociodemográficos, gestacionais e questões relacionadas ao parto. Foi realizada regressão logística para ajustes de possíveis fatores de confusão. Resultados: A prevalência da ausência de acompanhante de parto entre as mulheres foi de 22,3%. As parturientes com até 8 anos de estudo (RP=2,0 [IC95% 1,1–3,8]), que não viviam com um companheiro (RP=2,3 [IC95% 1,2–4,3]), que realizaram o pré-natal no setor público (RP=1,9 [IC95% 1,0–3,7]) e que tiveram um parto via cesárea (RP=6,0 [IC95% 2,9–12,4]) apresentaram maior probabilidade de ausência de acompanhante de parto. Conclusão: Os resultados apontam evidências relevantes para o seguimento da verificação da presença do acompanhante de parto no sul do Brasil, indicando a necessidade de melhor aproveitamento e adesão desta prática. Além disso, a lei que aprova a presença do acompanhante de parto no Brasil parece não estar sendo colocada em prática de modo integral, desrespeitando um direito das parturientes e impactando nos benefícios para a saúde materno-infantil.

Studies relate Maternal-Fetal Attachment (MFA) to delays in child development, however, the relationship with the social-emotional development is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between MFA and social-emotional development in infants at 3 months old, in a population-based sample in southern Brazil. This was a follow-up study corresponding to second and third wave of a population-based cohort study with pregnant women who were living in Pelotas (Southern Brazil). Social-emotional development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development - Third Edition (BSID-III) and MFA was measured with the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS). The sample consisted of 702 mother-infant dyads. In the adjusted analysis, MFA was a predictor of social-emotional development, even when controlled for sociodemographic, maternal mental health and infant characteristics. Thus, with each increase to one point in the MFA score, there was an increase of β = 0.14, 95% CI [0.05, 0.23] in the social-emotional development score. These findings highlight the importance of MFA in early child development. Thus, infants with positive experiences of affection since the gestational period will be able to develop positive social and emotional health.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess risk factors associated with motor development delay at three months of age. METHODS Cross-sectional study with mothers and their three-month-old babies in Southern Brazil. The Bayley-III Scale of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III) and the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) were used to assess motor development. RESULTS We evaluated 756 mothers and their three-month-old babies. The overall mean motor development assessed by the BSID-III and the AIMS was 104.7 (SD 13.5) and 55.4 (SD 25.4), respectively. When assessed by the BSID-III, the lowest motor development scores were among babies born by cesarean delivery (p = 0.002), prematurely (p < 0.001), and with low birth weight (p < 0.001). When assessed by the AIMS, babies born prematurely (p = 0.002) and with low birth weight (p=0.004) had the lowest motor development means. After a cluster analysis, we found that babies born by cesarean delivery, with low birth weight, and prematurely had more impaired motor development compared with children born without any risk factors. CONCLUSION Identifying risk factors allows the implementation of early interventions to prevent motor development delay and, therefore, reduce the probability of other future problems.

Abstract Objectives: this study aimed to explore a set of factors associated with lower maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) in pregnant women. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study corresponding to the second wave of a cohort study with a population-based sample of pregnant women in the South of Brazil. The maternal-fetal attachment scale (MFAS) was used to measure MFA. Bivariate analysis was performed using the t-test and ANOVA. The variables that presented p

To evaluate the relationship between maternal cognitive performance and language and cognitive development of children between 24 and 36 months old of mothers who became pregnant in adolescence, in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study with adolescent mothers who received prenatal care in the city’s public health system. To assess maternal cognitive performance, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used and Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III) are used to assess children's language and cognition development. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 22.0) software. Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression were performed. We evaluated 496 mother-child dyads. In the adjusted analysis, we found that children's language remained associated with maternal cognitive performance (p = .027, CI [0.0, 0.6]) and child’s gender (p < .001, CI [−7.2, −2.4]). Besides that children cognitive development remained associated with maternal cognitive performance (p = .008, CI [0.1, 0.6]) and child’s gender (p = .030, CI [−4.5, −0.2]). Our results suggest that poor maternal cognitive performance is associated with lower levels of children's language and cognitive development. The results contributing to early identification and intervention in children of mothers with poor cognitive performance at higher risk of negative developmental outcomes.

Given the importance that love has in individuals’ lives, and considering that more specific studies about the relationship between depression and the way people love are lacking, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of major depressive disorder (MDD) on “love styles.” This study was nested in a cohort of adolescent mothers. Women were assessed for MDD at each point of assessment: during pregnancy (T1), at between 30 and 60 postpartum days (T2), and at approximately 30 postpartum months (T3), by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI PLUS) tool. The Love Attitudes Scale (LAS) was administered to assess the six love styles at T3. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to express the strength of depression on love styles. We found that chronic major depression had the largest effect on the love styles (low Eros, high Mania, and high Agape), followed by current major depression. However, the same association was not observed in the perinatal period. Thus, the assessment of love style is relevant as it seems that an MDD-related injury in maternal life is related to their attitudes about love and there could be possible harmful consequences of these attitudes to the mother and the whole family.

Abstract Background Baculovirus-mediated expression in insect cells is a powerful approach for protein production. However, many existing methods are time-consuming, offer limited options for protein tagging, and are unsuitable for secreted proteins requiring proteolytic maturation, such as TGF-β family growth factors. Results To overcome the limitations of traditional baculovirus expression systems, we engineered “FlexiBAC”. This system allows recombinant baculovirus formation inside insect cells and reduces the time between initial cloning and protein production to 13 days. FlexiBAC includes 143 shuttle vectors that append combinations of purification tags, fluorescent markers, proteolytic cleavage sites, trafficking signals, and chemical conjugation tags to the termini of the target protein. This system also overexpresses recombinant furin convertase to allow efficient proteolytic processing of secreted proteins. We demonstrate that FlexiBAC can be used to produce high levels of mature, active forms of TGF-β family growth factors, such as Activin A, as well as other proteins that are typically difficult to reconstitute, such as proteins rich in coiled-coil, low complexity, and disordered domains. Conclusions FlexiBAC is a protein expression system for production of both cytosolic proteins and secreted proteins that require proteolytic maturation. The design of FlexiBAC and its expansive complementary shuttle vector system reduces cloning steps and simplifies baculovirus production.

Objetivo: Valorar tasa de adherencia y causas de no adherencia a las guías terapéuticas internacionales para la prescripción antibiótica empírica en la neumonía grave en Latinoamérica. Métodos: Encuesta clínica realizada a 36 médicos de Latinoamérica donde se pedía indicar el tratamiento empírico en 2 casos clínicos ficticios de pacientes con infección respiratoria grave: neumonía adquirida en la comunidad y neumonía nosocomial. Resultados: En el caso de la neumonía comunitaria el tratamiento fue adecuado en el 30,6% de las prescripciones. Las causas de no adherencia fueron monoterapia (16,0%), cobertura no indicada para multirresistentes (4,0%) y empleo de antibióticos con espectro inadecuado (44,0%). En el caso de la neumonía nosocomial el cumplimiento de las guías terapéuticas Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society fue del 2,8%. Las causas de falta de adherencia fueron monoterapia (14,3%) y la falta de doble tratamiento antibiótico frente a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85,7%). En caso de considerar correcta la monoterapia con actividad frente a P. aeruginosa, el tratamiento sería adecuado en el 100% de los casos. Conclusión: En la neumonía comunitaria la adherencia a las guías terapéuticas Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society fue del 30,6%; la causa más frecuente de incumplimiento fue el uso de monoterapia. La adherencia en el caso de la neumonía nosocomial fue del 2,8% y la causa más importante de incumplimiento fue la falta de doble tratamiento frente a P. aeruginosa, considerando adecuada monoterapia con actividad frente a P. aeruginosa la adherencia sería del 100%.

Objetivo: o presente estudo realizou uma análise comparativa da resistência ao cisalhamento em dentina após diferentes tratamentos de superfície do cerômero BelleGlass HP (Kerr). Materiais e métodos: para isso, trinta molares humanos tiveram suas faces livres desgastadas até expor a superfície dentinária, nas quais foram cimentados os corpos de prova (belleGlass HP) com cimento resinoso (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE), com três tratamentos de superfície: grupo 1 (controle): sem tratamento de superfície; grupo 2: condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico 10%; e grupo 3: jateamento com óxido de alumínio com granulação de 50m. Os espécimes foram avaliados em relação à resistência de união por cisalhamento, com velocidade de 1,0mm/min. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente através dos testes ANOVA e Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: como resultado, obteve-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P=0,002) entre o grupo controle e o grupo 3. Conclusão: concluiu-se que o tipo de tratamento de superfície do cerômero Belleglass influenciou a resistência de união dos espécimes cimentados, sendo o jateamento com óxido de alumínio o que apresentou melhor desempenho.

CONTEXTO: Durante um período da vida embrionária, a veia ciática é a principal coletora do membro inferior. Na embriogênese vascular, há diferenciação dos angioblastos em um plexo vascular primitivo, com posterior remodelagem e expansão. Consequentemente, durante esse processo, podem ocorrer anomalias. Quando ocorre persistência da veia ciática, esta pode se comunicar com a veia safena parva ou com a veia poplítea durante seu percurso, anastomosando-se com a veia perfurante superior e com a veia circunflexa medial do fêmur. OBJETIVO: Relatar o caso da persistência bilateral de veia ciática nos membros inferiores, comparando à literatura. MÉTODOS: Foram dissecados 32 membros inferiores de 16 cadáveres formolizados no Laboratório de Anatomia pela Disciplina de Anatomia Topográfica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Santo Amaro (Unisa), durante 2006 e 2007, observando-se em 2 membros inferiores de um único cadáver, a presença de veia ciática. RESULTADOS: No membro inferior esquerdo de um cadáver que apresentou a anomalia bilateralmente, a veia media 37 cm, tinha origem na região da veia poplítea, acompanhava o nervo ciático, perfurava o músculo adutor magno e desembocava na veia femoral profunda. No membro inferior direito, ela media 36 cm, originava-se recebendo as veias do compartimento tibial anterior, acompanhava o nervo ciático, perfurava o músculo adutor magno e desembocava na veia ilíaca interna. CONCLUSÃO: As variações anatômicas do sistema venoso do membro inferior são as mais prevalentes. A persistência da veia ciática pode causar insuficiência venosa crônica no membro inferior e, dessa forma, deve ser investigada para uma melhor conduta clínica ou cirúrgica.BACKGROUND: During a period of the embryonic life, the sciatic vein is the main lower limb collector. In vascular embryogenesis, there is a differentiation of the angioblasts in a primitive vascular plexus, with posterior remodeling and expansion. Consequently, anomalies may occur during this process. When there is persistence of the sciatic vein, it may communicate with the small saphenous vein or with the popliteal vein during its route, being anastomosed to the superior perforating vein and to the medial circumflex femoral vein. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of bilateral persistent sciatic vein on the lower limbs in comparison to the literature. METHODS: Thirty-two lower limbs from 16 corpses preserved in formaldehyde were dissected at the Laboratory of Anatomy of the discipline of Topographic Anatomy of the Medical School of Universidade Santo Amaro (Unisa), during 2006 and 2007, and the sciatic vein was observed in 2 lower limbs of one single corpse. RESULTS: On the left lower limb of a corpse that presented bilateral anomaly, the vein had 37 cm, emerging on the popliteal vein, accompanying the sciatic nerve, perforating the long adductor muscle and leading into the deep femoral vein. On the right lower limb, it measured 36 cm, emerged receiving the veins of the anterior tibial compartment, accompanied the sciatic nerve, perforated the long adductor muscle and led into the internal iliac vein. CONCLUSION: The anatomical variations of the lower limb venous system are the most common ones. The persistent sciatic vein may cause chronic venous failure in the lower limbs and, in this manner, must be investigated aiming at a better clinical or surgical management.

Seagrasses are high plants sharing adaptive metabolic features with both terrestrial plants and marine algae, resulting in a phytocomplex possibly endowed with interesting biological properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro activities on skin cells of an ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, family Potamogetonaceae, herein named Posidonia ethanolic extract (PEE). PEE showed high radical scavenging activity, high phenolic content, and resulted rich in chicoric acid, as determined through HPLC-MS analysis. The use of MTT assay on fibroblasts showed a PEE cytotoxicity threshold (IC05) of 50 µg/mL at 48 h, while a sub-toxic dose of 20 µg/mL induced a significant increase of fibroblast growth rate after 10 days. In addition, an ELISA assay revealed that PEE doses of 5 and 10 µg/mL induced collagen production in fibroblasts. PEE induced dose-dependent mushroom tyrosinase inhibition, up to about 45% inhibition at 1000 µg/mL, while 50% reduction of melanin was observed in melanoma cells exposed to 50 µg/mL PEE. Finally, PEE lipolytic activity was assessed by measuring glycerol release from adipocytes following triglyceride degradation. In conclusion, we have collected new data about the biological activities of the phytocomplex of P. oceanica seagrass on skin cells. Our findings indicate that PEE could be profitably used in the development of products for skin aging, undesired hyperpigmentation, and cellulite.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor abdominal secundária à constipação intestinal crônica funcional (CICF) afeta uma proporção substancial de pessoas, especialmente mulheres. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da terapia manual visceral (TMV) em pacientes que pertencem a uma Clínica de Dor, a fim de comprovar essa intervenção na melhora da constipação e no aumento da mobilidade lombar, e na consequente melhora da qualidade de vida (QV). MÉTODO: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico, com amostra de conveniência de 20 pacientes com queixa de alteração na função intestinal e restrição da mobilidade vertebral lombar. Foram analisadas as características biossociodemográficas e utilizados o formulário Critério de Roma III, os testes de Schöber e do terceiro dedo ao chão e o questionário genérico de QV SF-36, para avaliação da constipação, da mobilidade lombar e da QV, respectivamente, antes e após receber a terapia manual visceral (TMV). RESULTADOS: Pacientes, principalmente do sexo feminino, média de idade de 38,42, ± 19,23 apresentaram melhora significativa entre a avaliação e a reavaliação em quatro domínios do SF-36 (capacidade funcional, dor, estado geral de saúde e vitalidade - p < 0,05) e melhora da constipação intestinal e da mobilidade lombar. CONCLUSÃO: A TMV proposta e aplicada nos indivíduos com dor abdominal crônica secundária à CICF deste estudo foi capaz de melhorar a constipação intestinal e a mobilidade lombar, bem como a QV dos participantes.