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1. Influence of the Antigen Pattern Vector on the Dynamics in a Perceptron-Based Artificial Immune - Tumour- Ecosystem During and After Radiation Therapy

Author

Scheidegger, Stephan, Barba, Sergio Mingo, Fellermann, Harold M., Gaipl, Udo, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Schneider, Johannes Josef, editor, Weyland, Mathias Sebastian, editor, Flumini, Dandolo, editor, and Füchslin, Rudolf Marcel, editor

Published
2022
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2. Worldwide trends in the burden of asthma symptoms in school-aged children: Global Asthma Network Phase I cross-sectional study

Author

Bissell, Karen, Chiang, Chen-Yuan, Ellwood, Eamon, Ellwood, Philippa, Marks, Guy B, Masekela, Refiloe, Morales, Eva, Mortimer, Kevin, Pearce, Neil, Strachan, David, Martinez-Torres, Antonela, Pérez-Fernández, Virginia, Robertson, Stephen, Rutter, Charlotte, Silverwood, Richard, Mallol, Javier, Soto-Martínez, Manuel, Cabrera Aguilar, Angelita, Douros, Konstantinos, Sabir, Mohammed, Singh, Meenu, Singh, Virendra, Sukumaran, Thevaruparambil Unny, Awasthi, Shally, Kabra, Sushil Kumar, Salvi, Sundeep, García-Almaráz, Roberto, Mérida-Palacio, J. Valente, Del Río Navarro, Blanca E, González-Díaz, Sandra Nora, Navarrete-Rodriguez, Elsy Maureen, Sánchez, José Félix, Falade, Adegoke G, Zar, Heather J, López-Silvarrey Varela, Angel, González Díaz, Carlos, Nour, Magde, Dib, Gazal, Mohammad, Yousser, Huang, Jing-Long, Chinratanapisit, Sasawan, Soto-Quirós, Manuel E, Vichyanond, Pakit, Aguilar, Pedro, Barba, Sergio, Kumar, Lata, Sharma, S K, Linares-Zapién, Francisco J, Onadeko, Babatunde O, Musa, Omer Abdel Aziz, Aguirre, Viviana, Baeza-Bacab, Manuel, Mohammad, Samira, Cortez, Eliana, Gratziou, Christina H, Chopra, Kamlesh, Hanumante, Neeta Milind, Nelson, Hugo, Rubio, Alfonso Delgado, Hsieh, Kue-Hsiung, Shah, Jayant, Asher, M Innes, Rutter, Charlotte E, El Sony, Asma, García-Marcos, Luis, Robertson, Steven, Silverwood, Richard J, and Strachan, David P

Published
2021
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3. Theoretical evaluation of the impact of diverse treatment conditions by calculation of the tumor control probability (TCP) of simulated cervical cancer Hyperthermia-Radiotherapy (HT-RT) treatments in-silico

Author

Mingo Barba, Sergio, Ademaj, Adela, Marder, Dietmar, Riesterer, Oliver, Lattuada, Marco, Füchslin, Rudolf Marcel, Petri-Fink, Alke, Scheidegger, Stephan, Mingo Barba, Sergio, Ademaj, Adela, Marder, Dietmar, Riesterer, Oliver, Lattuada, Marco, Füchslin, Rudolf Marcel, Petri-Fink, Alke, and Scheidegger, Stephan

Abstract

Introduction: Hyperthermia (HT) induces various cellular biological processes, such as repair impairment and direct HT cell killing. In this context, in-silico biophysical models that translate deviations in the treatment conditions into clinical outcome variations may be used to study the extent of such processes and their influence on combined hyperthermia plus radiotherapy (HT + RT) treatments under varying conditions. Methods: An extended linear-quadratic model calibrated for SiHa and HeLa cell lines (cervical cancer) was used to theoretically study the impact of varying HT treatment conditions on radiosensitization and direct HT cell killing effect. Simulated patients were generated to compute the Tumor Control Probability (TCP) under different HT conditions (number of HT sessions, temperature and time interval), which were randomly selected within margins based on reported patient data. Results: Under the studied conditions, model-based simulations suggested a treatment improvement with a total CEM43 thermal dose of approximately 10 min. Additionally, for a given thermal dose, TCP increased with the number of HT sessions. Furthermore, in the simulations, we showed that the TCP dependence on the temperature/time interval is more correlated with the mean value than with the minimum/maximum value and that comparing the treatment outcome with the mean temperature can be an excellent strategy for studying the time interval effect. Conclusion: The use of thermoradiobiological models allows us to theoretically study the impact of varying thermal conditions on HT + RT treatment outcomes. This approach can be used to optimize HT treatments, design clinical trials, and interpret patient data.

Published
2024

4. The Use of Survival Dose-Rate Dependencies as Theoretical Discrimination Criteria for In-Silico Dynamic Radiobiological Models.

Author

Mingo Barba, Sergio, Lobo-Cerna, Fernando, Krawczyk, Przemek M., Lattuada, Marco, Füchslin, Rudolf M., Petri-Fink, Alke, and Scheidegger, Stephan

Subjects
*LITERATURE reviews, *CELL lines, *COMPUTER simulation, *DYNAMIC models, *CERVICAL cancer
Abstract

Introduction: Cell repair dynamics are crucial in optimizing anti-cancer therapies. Various assays (eg, comet assay and γ-H2AX) assess post-radiation repair kinetics, but interpreting such data is challenging and model-based data analyses are required. However, ambiguities in parameter calibration remain an unsolved challenge. To address this, we propose combining survival dose-rate effects with computer simulations to gain knowledge about repair kinetics. Methods: After a literature review, theoretical discriminators based on common fractionation/dose-rate-related effects were defined to discard unrealistic model dynamics. The Multi-Hit Repair (MHR) model was calibrated with canine osteosarcoma Abrams cell line data to study the discriminators' efficacy in scenarios with limited survival data. Additionally, survival dose-rate-dependent data from the human SiHa cervical cancer cell line were used to illustrate the survival behavior at diverse dose-rates and the capability of the MHR to model these data. Results: SiHa data confirmed the validity of the proposed discriminators. The discriminators filtered 99% of parameter sets, improving the calibration of Abrams cells data. Furthermore, results from both cell lines may hint universal aspects of cellular repair. Conclusions: Dose-rate theoretical discrimination criteria are an effective method to understand repair kinetics and improve radiobiological model calibration. Moreover, this methodology may be used to analyze diverse biological data using dynamic models in-silico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. The effects of heat stress on the transcriptome of human cancer cells : a meta-analysis

Author

Scutigliani, Enzo M., Lobo-Cerna, Fernando, Mingo Barba, Sergio, Scheidegger, Stephan, Krawczyk, Przemek M., Scutigliani, Enzo M., Lobo-Cerna, Fernando, Mingo Barba, Sergio, Scheidegger, Stephan, and Krawczyk, Przemek M.

Abstract

Hyperthermia is clinically applied cancer treatment in conjunction with radio- and/or chemotherapy, in which the tumor volume is exposed to supraphysiological temperatures. Since cells can effectively counteract the effects of hyperthermia by protective measures that are commonly known as the heat stress response, the identification of cellular processes that are essential for surviving hyperthermia could lead to novel treatment strategies that improve its therapeutic effects. Here, we apply a meta-analytic approach to 18 datasets that capture hyperthermia-induced transcriptome alterations in nine different human cancer cell lines. We find, in line with previous reports, that hyperthermia affects multiple processes, including protein folding, cell cycle, mitosis, and cell death, and additionally uncover expression changes of genes involved in KRAS signaling, inflammatory responses, TNF-a signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Interestingly, however, we also find a considerable inter-study variability, and an apparent absence of a 'universal' heat stress response signature, which is likely caused by the differences in experimental conditions. Our results suggest that gene expression alterations after heat stress are driven, to a large extent, by the experimental context, and call for a more extensive, controlled study that examines the effects of key experimental parameters on global gene expression patterns.

Published
2023

7. Influence of the antigen pattern vector on the dynamics in a perceptron-based artificial immune - tumour- ecosystem during and after radiation therapy

Author

Scheidegger, Stephan, Mingo Barba, Sergio, Fellermann, Harold, Gaipl, Udo S., Scheidegger, Stephan, Mingo Barba, Sergio, Fellermann, Harold, and Gaipl, Udo S.

Abstract

Artificial immune-tumor ecosystems can serve as models to explore the complex tumor-host-immune – interactions in silico. This may contribute to a better understanding of the conditions leading to anti-cancer immune response in patients during anti-cancer therapy. For model development, it is important to identify an appropriate model structure which is suitable to mimic the behavior of real biological systems. In this study, the influence of the number of antigens in an artificial adaptive immune system onto an immune-tumor ecosystem during and after radiation therapy (RT) is investigated. For antigen pattern recognition, a perceptron is used. The simulated scenarios with 4, 9 and 12 antigens exhibit differences in the immune response, but in all cases, perceptron weights for host tissue evolve after RT into negative values, leading to an immune-suppressive effect. This effect results from the evolution of the populations in the ecosystem and the training of the perceptron. In conclusion, the response of the proposed artificial immune system is strongly dependent on the ecosystem dynamics, which seems to be the case for the real biological systems as well.

Published
2023

8. The effect of hyperthermia and radiotherapy sequence on cancer cell death and the immune phenotype of breast cancer cells

Author

Sengedorj, Azzaya, Hader, Michael, Heger, Lukas, Frey, Benjamin, Dudziak, Diana, Fietkau, Rainer, Ott, Oliver J., Scheidegger, Stephan, Mingo Barba, Sergio, Gaipl, Udo S., Rückert, Michael, Sengedorj, Azzaya, Hader, Michael, Heger, Lukas, Frey, Benjamin, Dudziak, Diana, Fietkau, Rainer, Ott, Oliver J., Scheidegger, Stephan, Mingo Barba, Sergio, Gaipl, Udo S., and Rückert, Michael

Abstract

Hyperthermia (HT) is an accepted treatment for recurrent breast cancer which locally heats the tumor to 39-44 °C, and it is a very potent sensitizer for radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy. However, currently little is known about how HT with a distinct temperature, and particularly, how the sequence of HT and RT changes the immune phenotype of breast cancer cells. Therefore, human MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with HT of different temperatures (39, 41 and 44 °C), alone and in combination with RT (2 × 5 Gy) in different sequences, with either RT or HT first, followed by the other. Tumor cell death forms and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were differentiated and co-cultured with the treated cancer cells. In both cell lines, RT was the main stressor for cell death induction, with apoptosis being the prominent cell death form in MCF-7 cells and both apoptosis and necrosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Here, the sequence of the combined treatments, either RT or HT, did not have a significant impact on the final outcome. The expression of all of the three examined immune suppressive ICMs, namely PD-L1, PD-L2 and HVEM, was significantly increased on MCF-7 cells 120 h after the treatment of RT with HT of any temperature. Of special interest for MDA-MB-231 cells is that only combinations of RT with HT of both 41 and 44 °C induced a significantly increased expression of PD-L2 at all examined time points (24, 48, 72, and 120 h). Generally, high dynamics of ICM expression can be observed after combined RT and HT treatments. There was no significant difference between the different sequences of treatments (either HT + RT or RT + HT) in case of the upregulation of ICMs. Furthermore, the co-culture of moDCs with tumor cells of any treatment had no impact on the expression of activation markers. We conclude that the sequence of HT and RT does not strongly

Published
2023

12. The Effect of Hyperthermia and Radiotherapy Sequence on Cancer Cell Death and the Immune Phenotype of Breast Cancer Cells

Author

Sengedorj, Azzaya, Hader, Michael, Heger, Lukas, Frey, Benjamin, Dudziak, Diana, Fietkau, Rainer, Ott, Oliver J., Scheidegger, Stephan, Mingo Barba, Sergio, Gaipl, Udo S., Rückert, Michael, Sengedorj, Azzaya, Hader, Michael, Heger, Lukas, Frey, Benjamin, Dudziak, Diana, Fietkau, Rainer, Ott, Oliver J., Scheidegger, Stephan, Mingo Barba, Sergio, Gaipl, Udo S., and Rückert, Michael

Abstract

Hyperthermia (HT) is an accepted treatment for recurrent breast cancer which locally heats the tumor to 39–44 °C, and it is a very potent sensitizer for radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy. However, currently little is known about how HT with a distinct temperature, and particularly, how the sequence of HT and RT changes the immune phenotype of breast cancer cells. Therefore, human MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with HT of different temperatures (39, 41 and 44 °C), alone and in combination with RT (2 × 5 Gy) in different sequences, with either RT or HT first, followed by the other. Tumor cell death forms and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were differentiated and co-cultured with the treated cancer cells. In both cell lines, RT was the main stressor for cell death induction, with apoptosis being the prominent cell death form in MCF-7 cells and both apoptosis and necrosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Here, the sequence of the combined treatments, either RT or HT, did not have a significant impact on the final outcome. The expression of all of the three examined immune suppressive ICMs, namely PD-L1, PD-L2 and HVEM, was significantly increased on MCF-7 cells 120 h after the treatment of RT with HT of any temperature. Of special interest for MDA-MB-231 cells is that only combinations of RT with HT of both 41 and 44 °C induced a significantly increased expression of PD-L2 at all examined time points (24, 48, 72, and 120 h). Generally, high dynamics of ICM expression can be observed after combined RT and HT treatments. There was no significant difference between the different sequences of treatments (either HT + RT or RT + HT) in case of the upregulation of ICMs. Furthermore, the co-culture of moDCs with tumor cells of any treatment had no impact on the expression of activation markers. We conclude that the sequence of HT and RT does not strongly, Unión Europea, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Published
2022

13. Dosimetric optimization of a laser-driven irradiation facility using the G4-ELIMED application

Author

Mingo Barba, Sergio, Schillaci, Francesco, Catalano, Roberto, Petringa, Giada, Margarone, Daniele, Cirrone, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo, Mingo Barba, Sergio, Schillaci, Francesco, Catalano, Roberto, Petringa, Giada, Margarone, Daniele, and Cirrone, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo

Abstract

ELIMED has been developed and installed at ELI beamlines as a part of the ELIMAIA beamline to transport, monitor, and use laser-driven ion beams suitable for multidisciplinary applications, including biomedical ones. This paper aims to investigate the feasibility to perform radiobiological experiments using laser-accelerated proton beams with intermediate energies (up to 30 MeV). To reach this goal, we simulate a proton source based on experimental data like the ones expected to be available in the first phase of ELIMED commissioning by using the G4-ELIMED application (an application based on the Geant4 toolkit that simulates the full ELIMED beamline). This allows the study of transmission efficiency and the final characteristics of the proton beam at the sample irradiation point. The Energy Selector System is used as an active energy modulator to obtain the desired beam features in a relatively short irradiation time (around 6 min). Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability of the beamline to filter out other ion contaminants, typically co-accelerated in a laser-plasma environment. These results can be considered as a detailed feasibility study for the use of ELIMED for various user applications such as radiobiological experiments with ultrahigh dose rate proton beams.

Published
2022

17. Worldwide trends in the burden of asthma symptoms in school-aged children: Global Asthma Network Phase I cross-sectional study

Author

Asher, M Innes, primary, Rutter, Charlotte E, additional, Bissell, Karen, additional, Chiang, Chen-Yuan, additional, El Sony, Asma, additional, Ellwood, Eamon, additional, Ellwood, Philippa, additional, García-Marcos, Luis, additional, Marks, Guy B, additional, Morales, Eva, additional, Mortimer, Kevin, additional, Pérez-Fernández, Virginia, additional, Robertson, Steven, additional, Silverwood, Richard J, additional, Strachan, David P, additional, Pearce, Neil, additional, Masekela, Refiloe, additional, Strachan, David, additional, Martinez-Torres, Antonela, additional, Robertson, Stephen, additional, Rutter, Charlotte, additional, Silverwood, Richard, additional, Mallol, Javier, additional, Soto-Martínez, Manuel, additional, Cabrera Aguilar, Angelita, additional, Douros, Konstantinos, additional, Sabir, Mohammed, additional, Singh, Meenu, additional, Singh, Virendra, additional, Sukumaran, Thevaruparambil Unny, additional, Awasthi, Shally, additional, Kabra, Sushil Kumar, additional, Salvi, Sundeep, additional, García-Almaráz, Roberto, additional, Mérida-Palacio, J. Valente, additional, Del Río Navarro, Blanca E, additional, González-Díaz, Sandra Nora, additional, Navarrete-Rodriguez, Elsy Maureen, additional, Sánchez, José Félix, additional, Falade, Adegoke G, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, López-Silvarrey Varela, Angel, additional, González Díaz, Carlos, additional, Nour, Magde, additional, Dib, Gazal, additional, Mohammad, Yousser, additional, Huang, Jing-Long, additional, Chinratanapisit, Sasawan, additional, Soto-Quirós, Manuel E, additional, Vichyanond, Pakit, additional, Aguilar, Pedro, additional, Barba, Sergio, additional, Kumar, Lata, additional, Sharma, S K, additional, Linares-Zapién, Francisco J, additional, Onadeko, Babatunde O, additional, Musa, Omer Abdel Aziz, additional, Aguirre, Viviana, additional, Baeza-Bacab, Manuel, additional, Mohammad, Samira, additional, Cortez, Eliana, additional, Gratziou, Christina H, additional, Chopra, Kamlesh, additional, Hanumante, Neeta Milind, additional, Nelson, Hugo, additional, Rubio, Alfonso Delgado, additional, Hsieh, Kue-Hsiung, additional, and Shah, Jayant, additional

Published
2021
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18. Theoretical evaluation of the impact of hyperthermia in combination with radiation therapy in an artificial immune-tumor-ecosystem

Author

Scheidegger, Stephan, Mingo Barba, Sergio, Gaipl, Udo S., Scheidegger, Stephan, Mingo Barba, Sergio, and Gaipl, Udo S.

Abstract

There is some evidence that radiotherapy (RT) can trigger anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, hyperthermia (HT) is known to be a tumor cell radio-sensitizer. How HT could enhance the anti-tumor immune response produced by RT is still an open question. The aim of this study is the evaluation of potential dynamic effects regarding the adaptive immune response induced by different combinations of RT fractions with HT. The adaptive immune system is considered as a trainable unit (perceptron) which compares danger signals released by necrotic or apoptotic cell death with the presence of tumor- and host tissue cell population-specific molecular patterns (antigens). To mimic the changes produced by HT such as cell radio-sensitization or increase of the blood perfusion after hyperthermia, simplistic biophysical models were included. To study the effectiveness of the different RT+HT treatments, the Tumor Control Probability (TCP) was calculated. In the considered scenarios, the major effect of HT is related to the enhancement of the cell radio-sensitivity while perfusion or heat-based effects on the immune system seem to contribute less. Moreover, no tumor vaccination effect has been observed. In the presented scenarios, HT boosts the RT cell killing but it does not fundamentally change the anti-tumor immune response.

Published
2021

20. Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

Author

Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep M., Iaccarino, Guido, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Haahtela, Tari, Anto, Aram, Akdis, Cezmi, Blain, Hubert, Canonica, G. Walter, Cardona, Victoria, Cruz, Alvaro A., Illario, Maddalena, Ivancevich, Juan Carlos, Jutel, Marek, Klimek, Ludger, Kuna, Piotr, Laune, Daniel, Larenas-linnemann, Désirée, Mullol, Joaquim, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Pfaar, Oliver, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Valiulis, Arunas, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Zuberbier, Torsten, Latiff, Amir, Abdullah, Baharudin, Aberer, Werner, Abusada, Nancy, Adcock, Ian, Afani, Alejandro, Agache, Ioana, Aggelidis, Xenofon, Agustin, Jenifer, Akdis, Mübeccel, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Bassam, Abou Al Zahab, Aldrey-Palacios, Oscar, Cuesta, Emilio Alvarez, Alzaabi, Ashraf, Amad, Salma, Ambrocio, Gene, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Ansotegui, Ignacio, Anto, Josep, Arshad, Hasan, Artesani, Maria Cristina, Asayag, Estrella, Avolio, Francesca, Azhari, Khuzama, Baiardini, Ilaria, Bajrović, Nissera, Bakakos, Petros, Mongono, Sergio Bakeyala, Balotro-Torres, Christine, Barba, Sergio, Barbara, Cristina, Barbosa, Elsa, Barreto, Bruno, Bartra, Joan, Bateman, Eric D., Battur, Lkhagvaa, Bedbrook, Anna, Barajas, Martín Bedolla, Beghé, Bianca, Bel, Elizabeth, Kheder, Ali Ben, Benson, Mikael, Berghea, Camelia, Bergmann, Karl Christian, Bernstein, David, Bewick, Mike, Bialek, Slawomir, Białoszewski, Artur, Bieber, Thomas, Billo, Nils, Bilo, Maria Beatrice, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Bjermer, Leif, Marciniak, Malgorzata Bochenska, Bond, Christine, Boner, Attilio, Bonini, Matteo, Bonini, Sergio, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Bosse, Isabelle, Botskariova, Sofia, Bouchard, Jacques, Boulet, Louis Philippe, Bourret, Rodolphe, Bousquet, Philippe, Braido, Fulvio, Briggs, Andrew, Brightling, Christopher, Brozek, Jan, Buhl, Roland, Bumbacea, Roxana, Cabañas, María Teresa Burguete, Bush, Andrew, Busse, William W., Buters, Jeroen, Caballero-Fonseca, Fernan, Calderon, Moïses A., Calvo, Mario, Camargos, Paulo, Camuzat, Thierry, Cano, Antonio, Capriles-Hulett, Arnaldo, Caraballo, Luis, Cardona, Vicky, Carlsen, Kai Hakon, Caro, Jorge, Carreon-Asun-cion, Fredelita, Carriazo, Ana Maria, Casale, Thomas, Castor, Mary Ann, Castro, Elizabeth, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Sarabia, Alfonso Cepeda, Chandrasekharan, Ramanathan, Chang, Yoon Suk, Chato-Andeza, Victoria, Chatzi, Lida, Chatzidaki, Christina, Chavannes, Niels H., Chen, Yuzhi, Cheng, Lei, Chivato, Tomas, Chkhartishvili, Ekaterine, Christoff, George, Chrystyn, Henry, Chu, Derek K., Chua, Antonio, Chuchalin, Alexander, Chung, Kian Fan, Cicerán, Alberto, Cingi, Cemal, Ciprandi, Giorgio, Cirule, Ieva, Coelho, Ana Carla, Constantinidis, Jannis, de Sousa, Jaime Correia, Costa, Elisio, Costa, David, Domínguez, María Del Carmen Costa, Coste, André, Cox, Linda, Cullen, John, Custovic, Adnan, Cvetkovski, Biljana, D’amato, Gennaro, Silva, Jane da, Dahl, Ronald, Dahlen, Sven Erik, Daniilidis, Vasilis, Nahhas, Louei Darjazini, Darsow, Ulf, Blay, Frédéric de, Guia, Eloisa De, Santos, Chato de los, Keenoy, Esteban De Manuel, Vries, Govert De, Deleanu, Diana, Demoly, Pascal, Denburg, Judah, Devillier, Philippe, Didier, Alain, Dimou, Maria, Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan, Djukanovic, Ratko, Dokic, Dejan, Domínguez Silva, Margarita Gabriela, Douagui, Habib, Douladiris, Nikolaos, Doulaptsi, Maria, Dray, Gérard, Dubakiene, Ruta, Durham, Stephen, Dykewicz, Mark, Ebo, Didier, Edelbaher, Natalija, Eklund, Patrik, El-Gamal, Yehia, El-Sayed, Zeinab A., El-Sayed, Shereen S., El-Seify, Magda, Emuzyte, Regina, Enecilla, Lourdes, Espinoza, Heidilita, Guillermo, Jesús, Contreras, Espinoza, Farrell, John, Fernandez, Lenora, Wagner, Antje Fink, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Fokkens, Wytske J., Fontaine, Jean François, Forastiere, Francesco, Pèrez, Jose Miguel Fuentes, Gaerlan–resureccion, Emily, Gaga, Mina, Romero, José Luis Gálvez, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia, Alexis, Cobas, Cecilia Yvonne García, García Cruz, María de la Luz Hortensia, Gayraud, Jacques, Gemicioglu, Bilun, Genova, Sonya, Gereda, José, Wijk, Roy Gerth van, Gomez, Maximiliano, Diaz, Sandra González, Gotua, Maia, Grigoreas, Christos, Grisle, Ineta, Guidacci, Marta, Guldemond, Nick, Gutter, Zdenek, Guzmán, Antonieta, Halloum, Ramsa, Hamelmann, Eckard, Hammadi, Suleiman, Harvey, Richard, Heinrich, Joachim, Hejjaoui, Adnan, Hellquist-Dahl, Birthe, Velázquez, Luiana Hernández, Hew, Mark, Hossny, Elham, Howarth, Peter, Hrubiško, Martin, Villalobos, Yunuen Rocío Huerta, Humbert, Marc, Hyland, Michael, Ibrahim, Moustafa, Ilyina, Natalia, Irani, Carla, Ispayeva, Zhanat, Jares, Edgardo, Jarvis, Deborah, Jassem, Ewa, Jenko, Klemen, Uscanga, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz, Johnston, Sebastian, Joos, Guy, Jošt, Maja, Julge, Kaja, Jung, Ki Suck, Just, Jocelyne, Kaidashev, Igor, Kalayci, Omer, Kalyoncu, Fuat, Kapsali, Jeni, Kardas, Przemyslaw, Karjalainen, Jussi, Kasala, Carmela A., Katotomichelakis, Michael, Kazi, Bennoor, Keil, Thomas, Keith, Paul, Khaitov, Musa, Khaltaev, Nikolai, Kim, You Young, Kleine-Tebbe, Jorg, Koffi N’Goran, Bernard, Kompoti, Evangelia, Kopač, Peter, Koppelman, Gerard, Jeverica, Anja Koren, Košnik, Mitja, Kostov, Kosta V., Kowalski, Marek L., Kralimarkova, Tanya, Vrščaj, Karmen Kramer, Kraxner, Helga, Kreft, Samo, Kritikos, Vicky, Kudlay, Dmitry, Kull, Inger, Kupczyk, Maciej, Kvedariene, Violeta, Kyriakakou, Marialena, Lalek, Nika, Lane, Stephen, Larenas-Linnemann, Désiree, Lau, Susanne, Lavrut, Jorge, Le, Lan, Lessa, Marcus, Levin, Michael, Li, Jing, Lieberman, Philip, Liotta, Giuseppe, Lipworth, Brian, Liu, Xuandao, Lobo, Rommel, Lodrup Carlsen, Karin C., Lombardi, Carlo, Louis, Renaud, Loukidis, Stelios, Lourenço, Olga, Luna Pech, Jorge A., Madjar, Bojan, Magnan, Antoine, Mahboub, Bassam, Mair, Alpana, Mais, Yassin, van der Zee, Anke Hilse Maitland, Makela, Mika, Makris, Michael, Malling, Hans Jorgen, Mandajieva, Mariana, Manning, Patrick, Manousakis, Manolis, Maragoudakis, Pavlos, Marshall, Gailen, Martins, Pedro, Reza Masjedi, Mohammad, Máspero, Jorge F., Campos, Juan José Matta, Maurer, Marcus, Mavale-Manuel, Sandra, Meço, Cem, Melén, Erik, Melo-Gomes, Elisabete, Meltzer, Eli O., Menditto, Enrica, Menzies-Gow, Andrew, Merk, Hans, Michel, Jean Pierre, Miculinic, Neven, Midão, Luís, Mihaltan, Florin, Mikael, Kuitunen, Mikos, Nikolaos, Milenkovic, Branislava, Mitsias, Dimitrios, Moalla, Bassem, Moda, Giuliana, Martínez, María Dolores Mogica, Mohammad, Yousser, Moin, Mostafa, Molimard, Mathieu, Momas, Isabelle, Monaco, Alessandro, Montefort, Steve, Mora, Dory, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Mösges, Ralph, Mostafa, Badr Eldin, Münter, Lars, Muraro, Antonella, Murray, Ruth, Mustakov, Tihomir, Naclerio, Robert, Nadif, Rachel, Nakonechna, Alla, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Navarro-Locsin, Gretchen, Neffen, Hugo, Nekam, Kristof, Neou, Angelos, Nicod, Laurent, Niederberger-Leppin, Verena, Niedoszytko, Marek, Nieto, Antonio, Novellino, Ettore, Nunes, Elizabete, Nyembue, Dieudonné, O’hehir, Robyn, Odjakova, Cvetanka, Ohta, Ken, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, Okubo, Kimi, Oliver, Brian, Onorato, Gabrielle L., Orru, Maria Pia, Ouédraogo, Solange, Ouoba, Kampadilemba, Paggiaro, Pier Luigi, Pagkalos, Aris, Palaniappan, S. P., Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palkonen, Susanna, Palmer, Stephen, Bunu, Carmen Panaitescu, Panzner, Petr, Papanikolaou, Vasilis, Papi, Alberto, Paralchev, Bojidar, Paraskevopoulos, Giannis, Park, Hae Sim, Passalacqua, Giovanni, Patella, Vincenzo, Pavord, Ian, Pawankar, Ruby, Pedersen, Soren, Peleve, Susete, Pereira, Ana, Pérez, Tamara, Pham-Thi, Nhân, Pigearias, Bernard, Pin, Isabelle, Piskou, Konstantina, Pitsios, Constantinos, Pitsios, Kostas, Plavec, Davor, Poethig, Dagmar, Pohl, Wolfgang, Susic, Antonija Poplas, Popov, Todor A., Portejoie, Fabienne, Potter, Paul, Poulsen, Lars, Prados-Torres, Alexandra, Prarros, Fotis, Price, David, Prokopakis, Emmanuel, Puy, Robert, Rabe, Klaus, Raciborski, Filip, Ramos, Josephine, Recto, Marysia T., Reda, Shereen M., Regateiro, Frederico, Reider, Norbert, Reitsma, Sietze, Repka-Ramirez, Susana, Rimmer, Janet, Yeverino, Daniela Rivero, Rizzo, José Angelo, Robalo-Cordeiro, Carlos, Roberts, Graham, Roche, Nicolas, González, Mónica Rodríguez, Zagal, Eréndira Rodríguez, Rolland, Christine, Roller-Wirns-berger, Regina, Rodriguez, Miguel Roman, Romano, Antonino, Rombaux, Philippe, Romualdez, Joel, Rosado-Pinto, Jose, Rosario, Nelson, Rosenwasser, Lanny, Rottem, Menachem, Rouadi, Philip, Rovina, Nikoleta, Sinur, Irma Rozman, Ruiz, Mauricio, Segura, Lucy Tania Ruiz, Ryan, Dermot, Sagara, Hironori, Sakai, Daiki, Sakurai, Daiju, Saleh, Wafaa, Salimaki, Johanna, Salina, Husain, Samitas, Konstanti Nos, Coronel, María Guadalupe Sánchez, Sanchez-Borges, Mario, Sanchez-Lopez, Jaime, Sarafoleanu, Codrut, Serpa, Faradiba Sarquis, Sastre-Dominguez, Joaquin, Scadding, Glenis, Scheire, Sophie, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter, Schuhl, Juan Francisco, Schunemann, Holger, Schvalbová, Maria, Scichilone, Nicola, Sepúlveda, Cecilia, Serrano, Elie, Sheikh, Aziz, Shields, Mike, Shishkov, Vasil, Siafakas, Nikos, Simeonov, Alexander, Simons, Estelle F., Sisul, Juan Carlos, Sitkauskiene, Brigita, Skrindo, Ingelbjorg, Košak, Tanja Soklič, Solé, Dirceu, Sooronbaev, Talant, Soto-Martinez, Manuel, Sova, Milan, Spertini, François, Spranger, Otto, Stamataki, Sofia, Stefanaki, Lina, Stellato, Cristiana, Stelmach, Rafael, Sterk, Peter, Strandberg, Timo, Stute, Petra, Subramaniam, Abirami, Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte, Sutherland, Michael, Sylvestre, Silvia, Syrigou, Aikaterini, Barata, Luis Taborda, Takovska, Nadejda, Tan, Rachel, Tan, Frances, Tan, Vincent, Tang, Ing Ping, Taniguchi, Masami, Tannert, Line, Tattersall, Jessica, Teixeira, Maria Do Ceu, Thijs, Carel, Thomas, Mike, To, Teresa, Todo-Bom, Ana Maria, Togias, Alkis, Tomazic, Peter Valentin, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Toskala, Elina, Triggiani, Massimo, Triller, Nadja, Triller, Katja, Tsiligianni, Ioanna, Ulmeanu, Ruxandra, Urbancic, Jure, Pereira, Marilyn Urrutia, Vachova, Martina, Valdés, Felipe, Valenta, Rudolf, Rostan, Marylin Valentin, Valero, Antonio, Vallianatou, Mina, Valovirta, Erkka, Eerd, Michiel Van, Ganse, Eric Van, Hage, Marianne van, Vandenplas, Olivier, Vasankari, Tuula, Vassileva, Dafina, Ventura, Teresa, Vera-Munoz, Cécilia, Vicheva, Dilyana, Vichyanond, Pakit, Vidgren, Petra, Viegi, Giovanni, Vogelmeier, Claus, Hertzen, Leena Von, Vontetsianos, Theodoros, Vourdas, Dimitris, Wagenmann, Martin, Walker, Samantha, Wallace, Dana, Wang, De Yun, Waserman, Susan, Wickman, Magnus, Williams, Sian, Williams, Dennis, Wilson, Nicola, Woo, Kent, Wright, John, Wroczynski, Piotr, Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, Yakovliev, Plamen, Yamaguchi, Masao, Yan, Kwok, Yap, Yoke Yeow, Yawn, Barbara, Yiallouros, Panayiotis, Yoshihara, Shigemi, Young, Ian, Yusuf, Osman B., Zaidi, Asghar, Zaitoun, Fares, Zar, Heather, Zernotti, Mario, Zhang, Luo, Zhong, Nanshan, Zidarn, Mihaela, Zubrinich, Celia, Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep M., Iaccarino, Guido, Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, Haahtela, Tari, Anto, Aram, Akdis, Cezmi, Blain, Hubert, Canonica, G. Walter, Cardona, Victoria, Cruz, Alvaro A., Illario, Maddalena, Ivancevich, Juan Carlos, Jutel, Marek, Klimek, Ludger, Kuna, Piotr, Laune, Daniel, Larenas-linnemann, Désirée, Mullol, Joaquim, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Pfaar, Oliver, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Valiulis, Arunas, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Zuberbier, Torsten, Latiff, Amir, Abdullah, Baharudin, Aberer, Werner, Abusada, Nancy, Adcock, Ian, Afani, Alejandro, Agache, Ioana, Aggelidis, Xenofon, Agustin, Jenifer, Akdis, Mübeccel, Al-Ahmad, Mona, Bassam, Abou Al Zahab, Aldrey-Palacios, Oscar, Cuesta, Emilio Alvarez, Alzaabi, Ashraf, Amad, Salma, Ambrocio, Gene, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Ansotegui, Ignacio, Anto, Josep, Arshad, Hasan, Artesani, Maria Cristina, Asayag, Estrella, Avolio, Francesca, Azhari, Khuzama, Baiardini, Ilaria, Bajrović, Nissera, Bakakos, Petros, Mongono, Sergio Bakeyala, Balotro-Torres, Christine, Barba, Sergio, Barbara, Cristina, Barbosa, Elsa, Barreto, Bruno, Bartra, Joan, Bateman, Eric D., Battur, Lkhagvaa, Bedbrook, Anna, Barajas, Martín Bedolla, Beghé, Bianca, Bel, Elizabeth, Kheder, Ali Ben, Benson, Mikael, Berghea, Camelia, Bergmann, Karl Christian, Bernstein, David, Bewick, Mike, Bialek, Slawomir, Białoszewski, Artur, Bieber, Thomas, Billo, Nils, Bilo, Maria Beatrice, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Bjermer, Leif, Marciniak, Malgorzata Bochenska, Bond, Christine, Boner, Attilio, Bonini, Matteo, Bonini, Sergio, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Bosse, Isabelle, Botskariova, Sofia, Bouchard, Jacques, Boulet, Louis Philippe, Bourret, Rodolphe, Bousquet, Philippe, Braido, Fulvio, Briggs, Andrew, Brightling, Christopher, Brozek, Jan, Buhl, Roland, Bumbacea, Roxana, Cabañas, María Teresa Burguete, Bush, Andrew, Busse, William W., Buters, Jeroen, Caballero-Fonseca, Fernan, Calderon, Moïses A., Calvo, Mario, Camargos, Paulo, Camuzat, Thierry, Cano, Antonio, Capriles-Hulett, Arnaldo, Caraballo, Luis, Cardona, Vicky, Carlsen, Kai Hakon, Caro, Jorge, Carreon-Asun-cion, Fredelita, Carriazo, Ana Maria, Casale, Thomas, Castor, Mary Ann, Castro, Elizabeth, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Sarabia, Alfonso Cepeda, Chandrasekharan, Ramanathan, Chang, Yoon Suk, Chato-Andeza, Victoria, Chatzi, Lida, Chatzidaki, Christina, Chavannes, Niels H., Chen, Yuzhi, Cheng, Lei, Chivato, Tomas, Chkhartishvili, Ekaterine, Christoff, George, Chrystyn, Henry, Chu, Derek K., Chua, Antonio, Chuchalin, Alexander, Chung, Kian Fan, Cicerán, Alberto, Cingi, Cemal, Ciprandi, Giorgio, Cirule, Ieva, Coelho, Ana Carla, Constantinidis, Jannis, de Sousa, Jaime Correia, Costa, Elisio, Costa, David, Domínguez, María Del Carmen Costa, Coste, André, Cox, Linda, Cullen, John, Custovic, Adnan, Cvetkovski, Biljana, D’amato, Gennaro, Silva, Jane da, Dahl, Ronald, Dahlen, Sven Erik, Daniilidis, Vasilis, Nahhas, Louei Darjazini, Darsow, Ulf, Blay, Frédéric de, Guia, Eloisa De, Santos, Chato de los, Keenoy, Esteban De Manuel, Vries, Govert De, Deleanu, Diana, Demoly, Pascal, Denburg, Judah, Devillier, Philippe, Didier, Alain, Dimou, Maria, Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan, Djukanovic, Ratko, Dokic, Dejan, Domínguez Silva, Margarita Gabriela, Douagui, Habib, Douladiris, Nikolaos, Doulaptsi, Maria, Dray, Gérard, Dubakiene, Ruta, Durham, Stephen, Dykewicz, Mark, Ebo, Didier, Edelbaher, Natalija, Eklund, Patrik, El-Gamal, Yehia, El-Sayed, Zeinab A., El-Sayed, Shereen S., El-Seify, Magda, Emuzyte, Regina, Enecilla, Lourdes, Espinoza, Heidilita, Guillermo, Jesús, Contreras, Espinoza, Farrell, John, Fernandez, Lenora, Wagner, Antje Fink, Fiocchi, Alessandro, Fokkens, Wytske J., Fontaine, Jean François, Forastiere, Francesco, Pèrez, Jose Miguel Fuentes, Gaerlan–resureccion, Emily, Gaga, Mina, Romero, José Luis Gálvez, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia, Alexis, Cobas, Cecilia Yvonne García, García Cruz, María de la Luz Hortensia, Gayraud, Jacques, Gemicioglu, Bilun, Genova, Sonya, Gereda, José, Wijk, Roy Gerth van, Gomez, Maximiliano, Diaz, Sandra González, Gotua, Maia, Grigoreas, Christos, Grisle, Ineta, Guidacci, Marta, Guldemond, Nick, Gutter, Zdenek, Guzmán, Antonieta, Halloum, Ramsa, Hamelmann, Eckard, Hammadi, Suleiman, Harvey, Richard, Heinrich, Joachim, Hejjaoui, Adnan, Hellquist-Dahl, Birthe, Velázquez, Luiana Hernández, Hew, Mark, Hossny, Elham, Howarth, Peter, Hrubiško, Martin, Villalobos, Yunuen Rocío Huerta, Humbert, Marc, Hyland, Michael, Ibrahim, Moustafa, Ilyina, Natalia, Irani, Carla, Ispayeva, Zhanat, Jares, Edgardo, Jarvis, Deborah, Jassem, Ewa, Jenko, Klemen, Uscanga, Rubén Darío Jiméneracruz, Johnston, Sebastian, Joos, Guy, Jošt, Maja, Julge, Kaja, Jung, Ki Suck, Just, Jocelyne, Kaidashev, Igor, Kalayci, Omer, Kalyoncu, Fuat, Kapsali, Jeni, Kardas, Przemyslaw, Karjalainen, Jussi, Kasala, Carmela A., Katotomichelakis, Michael, Kazi, Bennoor, Keil, Thomas, Keith, Paul, Khaitov, Musa, Khaltaev, Nikolai, Kim, You Young, Kleine-Tebbe, Jorg, Koffi N’Goran, Bernard, Kompoti, Evangelia, Kopač, Peter, Koppelman, Gerard, Jeverica, Anja Koren, Košnik, Mitja, Kostov, Kosta V., Kowalski, Marek L., Kralimarkova, Tanya, Vrščaj, Karmen Kramer, Kraxner, Helga, Kreft, Samo, Kritikos, Vicky, Kudlay, Dmitry, Kull, Inger, Kupczyk, Maciej, Kvedariene, Violeta, Kyriakakou, Marialena, Lalek, Nika, Lane, Stephen, Larenas-Linnemann, Désiree, Lau, Susanne, Lavrut, Jorge, Le, Lan, Lessa, Marcus, Levin, Michael, Li, Jing, Lieberman, Philip, Liotta, Giuseppe, Lipworth, Brian, Liu, Xuandao, Lobo, Rommel, Lodrup Carlsen, Karin C., Lombardi, Carlo, Louis, Renaud, Loukidis, Stelios, Lourenço, Olga, Luna Pech, Jorge A., Madjar, Bojan, Magnan, Antoine, Mahboub, Bassam, Mair, Alpana, Mais, Yassin, van der Zee, Anke Hilse Maitland, Makela, Mika, Makris, Michael, Malling, Hans Jorgen, Mandajieva, Mariana, Manning, Patrick, Manousakis, Manolis, Maragoudakis, Pavlos, Marshall, Gailen, Martins, Pedro, Reza Masjedi, Mohammad, Máspero, Jorge F., Campos, Juan José Matta, Maurer, Marcus, Mavale-Manuel, Sandra, Meço, Cem, Melén, Erik, Melo-Gomes, Elisabete, Meltzer, Eli O., Menditto, Enrica, Menzies-Gow, Andrew, Merk, Hans, Michel, Jean Pierre, Miculinic, Neven, Midão, Luís, Mihaltan, Florin, Mikael, Kuitunen, Mikos, Nikolaos, Milenkovic, Branislava, Mitsias, Dimitrios, Moalla, Bassem, Moda, Giuliana, Martínez, María Dolores Mogica, Mohammad, Yousser, Moin, Mostafa, Molimard, Mathieu, Momas, Isabelle, Monaco, Alessandro, Montefort, Steve, Mora, Dory, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Mösges, Ralph, Mostafa, Badr Eldin, Münter, Lars, Muraro, Antonella, Murray, Ruth, Mustakov, Tihomir, Naclerio, Robert, Nadif, Rachel, Nakonechna, Alla, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Navarro-Locsin, Gretchen, Neffen, Hugo, Nekam, Kristof, Neou, Angelos, Nicod, Laurent, Niederberger-Leppin, Verena, Niedoszytko, Marek, Nieto, Antonio, Novellino, Ettore, Nunes, Elizabete, Nyembue, Dieudonné, O’hehir, Robyn, Odjakova, Cvetanka, Ohta, Ken, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, Okubo, Kimi, Oliver, Brian, Onorato, Gabrielle L., Orru, Maria Pia, Ouédraogo, Solange, Ouoba, Kampadilemba, Paggiaro, Pier Luigi, Pagkalos, Aris, Palaniappan, S. P., Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palkonen, Susanna, Palmer, Stephen, Bunu, Carmen Panaitescu, Panzner, Petr, Papanikolaou, Vasilis, Papi, Alberto, Paralchev, Bojidar, Paraskevopoulos, Giannis, Park, Hae Sim, Passalacqua, Giovanni, Patella, Vincenzo, Pavord, Ian, Pawankar, Ruby, Pedersen, Soren, Peleve, Susete, Pereira, Ana, Pérez, Tamara, Pham-Thi, Nhân, Pigearias, Bernard, Pin, Isabelle, Piskou, Konstantina, Pitsios, Constantinos, Pitsios, Kostas, Plavec, Davor, Poethig, Dagmar, Pohl, Wolfgang, Susic, Antonija Poplas, Popov, Todor A., Portejoie, Fabienne, Potter, Paul, Poulsen, Lars, Prados-Torres, Alexandra, Prarros, Fotis, Price, David, Prokopakis, Emmanuel, Puy, Robert, Rabe, Klaus, Raciborski, Filip, Ramos, Josephine, Recto, Marysia T., Reda, Shereen M., Regateiro, Frederico, Reider, Norbert, Reitsma, Sietze, Repka-Ramirez, Susana, Rimmer, Janet, Yeverino, Daniela Rivero, Rizzo, José Angelo, Robalo-Cordeiro, Carlos, Roberts, Graham, Roche, Nicolas, González, Mónica Rodríguez, Zagal, Eréndira Rodríguez, Rolland, Christine, Roller-Wirns-berger, Regina, Rodriguez, Miguel Roman, Romano, Antonino, Rombaux, Philippe, Romualdez, Joel, Rosado-Pinto, Jose, Rosario, Nelson, Rosenwasser, Lanny, Rottem, Menachem, Rouadi, Philip, Rovina, Nikoleta, Sinur, Irma Rozman, Ruiz, Mauricio, Segura, Lucy Tania Ruiz, Ryan, Dermot, Sagara, Hironori, Sakai, Daiki, Sakurai, Daiju, Saleh, Wafaa, Salimaki, Johanna, Salina, Husain, Samitas, Konstanti Nos, Coronel, María Guadalupe Sánchez, Sanchez-Borges, Mario, Sanchez-Lopez, Jaime, Sarafoleanu, Codrut, Serpa, Faradiba Sarquis, Sastre-Dominguez, Joaquin, Scadding, Glenis, Scheire, Sophie, Schmid-Grendelmeier, Peter, Schuhl, Juan Francisco, Schunemann, Holger, Schvalbová, Maria, Scichilone, Nicola, Sepúlveda, Cecilia, Serrano, Elie, Sheikh, Aziz, Shields, Mike, Shishkov, Vasil, Siafakas, Nikos, Simeonov, Alexander, Simons, Estelle F., Sisul, Juan Carlos, Sitkauskiene, Brigita, Skrindo, Ingelbjorg, Košak, Tanja Soklič, Solé, Dirceu, Sooronbaev, Talant, Soto-Martinez, Manuel, Sova, Milan, Spertini, François, Spranger, Otto, Stamataki, Sofia, Stefanaki, Lina, Stellato, Cristiana, Stelmach, Rafael, Sterk, Peter, Strandberg, Timo, Stute, Petra, Subramaniam, Abirami, Suppli Ulrik, Charlotte, Sutherland, Michael, Sylvestre, Silvia, Syrigou, Aikaterini, Barata, Luis Taborda, Takovska, Nadejda, Tan, Rachel, Tan, Frances, Tan, Vincent, Tang, Ing Ping, Taniguchi, Masami, Tannert, Line, Tattersall, Jessica, Teixeira, Maria Do Ceu, Thijs, Carel, Thomas, Mike, To, Teresa, Todo-Bom, Ana Maria, Togias, Alkis, Tomazic, Peter Valentin, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Toskala, Elina, Triggiani, Massimo, Triller, Nadja, Triller, Katja, Tsiligianni, Ioanna, Ulmeanu, Ruxandra, Urbancic, Jure, Pereira, Marilyn Urrutia, Vachova, Martina, Valdés, Felipe, Valenta, Rudolf, Rostan, Marylin Valentin, Valero, Antonio, Vallianatou, Mina, Valovirta, Erkka, Eerd, Michiel Van, Ganse, Eric Van, Hage, Marianne van, Vandenplas, Olivier, Vasankari, Tuula, Vassileva, Dafina, Ventura, Teresa, Vera-Munoz, Cécilia, Vicheva, Dilyana, Vichyanond, Pakit, Vidgren, Petra, Viegi, Giovanni, Vogelmeier, Claus, Hertzen, Leena Von, Vontetsianos, Theodoros, Vourdas, Dimitris, Wagenmann, Martin, Walker, Samantha, Wallace, Dana, Wang, De Yun, Waserman, Susan, Wickman, Magnus, Williams, Sian, Williams, Dennis, Wilson, Nicola, Woo, Kent, Wright, John, Wroczynski, Piotr, Xepapadaki, Paraskevi, Yakovliev, Plamen, Yamaguchi, Masao, Yan, Kwok, Yap, Yoke Yeow, Yawn, Barbara, Yiallouros, Panayiotis, Yoshihara, Shigemi, Young, Ian, Yusuf, Osman B., Zaidi, Asghar, Zaitoun, Fares, Zar, Heather, Zernotti, Mario, Zhang, Luo, Zhong, Nanshan, Zidarn, Mihaela, and Zubrinich, Celia

Abstract

Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.

Published
2020

23. La Dermatitis Atópica en Quito y el Ecuador.

Author

Barba, Sergio, primary, Lascano, Gonzalo, additional, Naranjo, Plutarco, additional, Landazuri, Nelly, additional, Morales, Mercedes, additional, Alvarez, Fausto, additional, and Zurita, Magdalena, additional

Published
2017
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29. Isaac III: Rinitis en la ciudad de Quito

Author

Barba, Sergio, primary, Lazcano, Gonzalo, primary, Naranjo, Plutarco, primary, Romero, Mariana, primary, Zurita, Magdalena, primary, Alvarez, Fausto, primary, Ortiz, Dona, primary, Landázuri, Nelly, primary, Proaño, Hernán, primary, and Vásquez, Miguel, primary

Published
2017
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30. Adhesión del Ecuador a la CONVEMAR: 'Entre una utopía marítima y la verdadera conciencia marítima nacional

Author

Pacheco Barba, Sergio Hernán and Faidutti Estrada, Juan Carlos

Subjects
CONVENIO DEL MAR CONVEMAR, ZONA ECONÓMICA EXCLUSIVA, OPERATION OF LIVING AND NON-LIVING RESOURCES, UN, EXPLOTACIÓN DE RECURSOS VIVOS Y NO VIVOS, ONU, EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE, UNCLOS SEA CONVENTION
Abstract

El maestrante entrega su tesis debidamente empastada y adjunta CD con el contenido de la misma en WORD y en formato PDF Esta Tesis de Grado, es fruto de investigaciones de diversa índole, y abarca aspectos navales y jurídicos que son de importancia capital para nuestro país. La CONVEMAR es elaborada por Comisiones especializadas; que atendieron a su debido tiempo el pedido de la Comisión del Derecho del Mar, un ente creado por las Naciones Unidas y que debate los temas de esta Constitución de los Mares, en la Sesión más larga de las naciones Unidas, pues demoró nueve años en los cuales finalmente se impuso la mayoría numérica y no los mandatos de las grandes potencias marítimas mundiales. Y si bien es cierto que norma el laberinto caótico de supremacía de las naciones que dominaban los mares, deja a la costumbre como elemento jurídico ya existente, abriendo un resquicio a las naciones que supuestamente no habían firmado tratados reales de límites reconocidos como tales y que no servían sino sólo para cierta actividad como la explotación de recursos ictiológicos, que es el caso de nuestro país, de Perú y Chile. Ese punto de vista peruano, no compartido por nuestra nación ni por Chile, es el gran fundamento para ciertos patrioteros que contagiados por el trauma de pérdidas territoriales que ha sufrido nuestra patria desde su fundación, temen perder parte de nuestro mar por acoger como verdadero el criterio peruano de que nunca se firmaron tratado de límites, sino solamente convenios de actividad de pesca y navegación. Pero a lo largo de esta tesis se podrá corroborar que sí se consideraron a los paralelos que nacían en los hitos de las fronteras terrestres, mar afuera en una distancia de 200 millas marinas como límites que inclusive fueron reconocidos jurídicamente por los respectivos Congresos de estas naciones. VI Los principales logros de CONVEMAR son no solamente el establecimiento de normas para el aprovechamiento del mar en sus diferentes temas, sino principalmente el reconocimiento por parte de las Naciones Unidas de los Derechos sobre el mar aún de las naciones que no poseen litoral y que pueden realizar cualquier actividad en beneficio de sus pueblos en alta mar como patrimonio de Todas los Pueblos del Mundo, a más de poder disfrutar de un paso inocente en cualquier mar que no sea territorial, el tendido de cables submarinos etc., y de Convenios para aprovechamiento de recursos sub marinos con aquellos países que tienen litoral, pero no disponen de la tecnología y recursos materiales para tal propósito. Personalmente pienso que aquella disposición de CONVEMAR de que NINGÚN CONFLICTO SOBRE EL MAR PUEDE SER RESUELTO POR LA FUERZA, sino por los Derechos, es un avance para aquellas naciones que nos hemos caracterizado por ser países de paz con un Ministerio de Defensa y no de Guerra, en el que la resolución de un conflicto por las armas no forma parte de nuestro léxico ni propósito. Finalmente saber que existe conciencia a nivel mundial amparada por este Convenio del Mar, para proteger este mundo que nos ofrece tantas perspectivas para acabar con la contaminación y hambre en nuestro mundo, hace imprescindible que nuestro país se adhiera a este Convenio lo más antes posible y que la Asamblea Nacional lo incorpore a nuestra Constitución es el anhelo de quienes conocemos por nuestra profesión y estudios todas las garantías que gozaremos protegidos por este Convenio de carácter mundial y al que la mayor parte de las naciones de este planeta han plegado por reconocer los inmensos beneficios que cobijan a quienes forman parte de sus Estatutos. This Thesis is the result of research of various kinds, and covers naval and legal aspects that are of importance to our country. UNCLOS is produced by specialized committees, who attended timely order of the Commission for the Law of the Sea, a body created by the United Nations and debate topics in this Constitution of the Seas, the longest session of the United nations, took nine years for which finally the numerical majority and not the mandates of the world's great maritime powers imposed. And while it is true that the standard chaotic maze of supremacy of nations that dominated the seas, leaving custom as existing legal element, opening a gap to the nations that supposedly had not signed treaties actual limits recognized as such and no use but only to a certain activity as exploitation of fish resources, which is the case of our country, Peru and Chile That point of view Peruvian , not shared by our nation nor Chile is the great foundation for certain jingoistic that infected by the trauma of territorial losses suffered by our country since its founding , fear losing part of our sea by the host as true Peruvian criterion that never signed border treaty , but only agreements fishing and boating activity . But throughout this thesis can confirm that yes were considered to parallel that were born in the milestones of land borders, offshore at a distance of 200 nautical miles as limits that even were recognized legally by the Congresses of these nations . The main achievements of UNCLOS are not only setting standards for the use of the sea in different subjects, but primarily the recognition by the United Nations on the Rights of the sea even nations that have no coastline and can perform any activity for the benefit of their people at sea and heritage of All the Peoples of the World, you can enjoy more than an innocent step in any territorial sea than the laying of submarine cables etc. . , and agreements for use of sub marine resources with those countries that are landlocked, but do not have the technology and material resources for the purpose. Personally I think that provision of UNCLOS that NO CONFLICT OVER THE SEA TO BE RESOLVED BY FORCE, but for Rights, is a breakthrough for those nations which we have characterized as countries of peace with a Ministry of Defense and not War in the resolution of conflict by force is not part of our lexicon or purpose. Finally know that there is global awareness covered by this Agreement Sea, to protect this world offers us many perspectives to end hunger and pollution in our world, our country is essential to adhere to the Convention as soon as possible and that the National Assembly will join our Constitution is the desire of those who know our profession and studies all the guarantees that we will enjoy protected by this Convention global nature and that most of the nations of this planet have folded to recognize the immense benefits to shelter part of their Statutes. Universidad de Guayaquil Instituto Superior de Postgrado en Ciencias Internacionales "Dr. Antonio Parra Velasco"

Published
2011

31. La Dermatitis Atópica en Quito y el Ecuador.

Author

Barba, Sergio, Lascano, Gonzalo, Naranjo Vargas, Plutarco, Landazuri, Nelly, Morales, Mercedes, Alvarez, Fausto, Zurita, Magdalena, Barba, Sergio, Lascano, Gonzalo, Naranjo Vargas, Plutarco, Landazuri, Nelly, Morales, Mercedes, Alvarez, Fausto, and Zurita, Magdalena

Abstract

Presentamos los resultados relacionados con la Dermatitis Atópica (DA) del estudio ISAAC III realizado en Quito, Ecuador, en los años 2003 y 2004. El cuestionario internacional valora la presencia de síntomas de eccema en el último año, de eccema diagnosticado, su intensidad y sus relaciones con atopia y el inicio precoz (antes de los 2 años de edad). Encontramos que Quito es una ciudad con alta prevalencia de DA tanto entre los niños de 6 a 7 años de edad como en los adolescentes de 13 a 14 años (95% de confianza, error +/- 1.73). Debido a que las formas verdaderamente atópicas, basados en la existencia de fenotipos clínicos de DA, se presentan en el 27% de los niños y en el 7% de los adolescentes, pensamos que hay otros factores que justifican estas prevalencias, como son el clima per-sé, algunas alteraciones medioambientales como la polución, y posibles características genéticas de la barrera física cutánea que permiten sensibilizaciones alérgicas fáciles

Published
2011

32. La Dermatitis Atópica en Quito y el Ecuador.

Author

Barba, Sergio, Lascano, Gonzalo, Naranjo Vargas, Plutarco, Landazuri, Nelly, Morales, Mercedes, Alvarez, Fausto, Zurita, Magdalena, Barba, Sergio, Lascano, Gonzalo, Naranjo Vargas, Plutarco, Landazuri, Nelly, Morales, Mercedes, Alvarez, Fausto, and Zurita, Magdalena

Abstract

Presentamos los resultados relacionados con la Dermatitis Atópica (DA) del estudio ISAAC III realizado en Quito, Ecuador, en los años 2003 y 2004. El cuestionario internacional valora la presencia de síntomas de eccema en el último año, de eccema diagnosticado, su intensidad y sus relaciones con atopia y el inicio precoz (antes de los 2 años de edad). Encontramos que Quito es una ciudad con alta prevalencia de DA tanto entre los niños de 6 a 7 años de edad como en los adolescentes de 13 a 14 años (95% de confianza, error +/- 1.73). Debido a que las formas verdaderamente atópicas, basados en la existencia de fenotipos clínicos de DA, se presentan en el 27% de los niños y en el 7% de los adolescentes, pensamos que hay otros factores que justifican estas prevalencias, como son el clima per-sé, algunas alteraciones medioambientales como la polución, y posibles características genéticas de la barrera física cutánea que permiten sensibilizaciones alérgicas fáciles

Published
1984

34. Aspectos inmunológicos del pénfigo: relación de dos casos

Author

Barba, Sergio, Vivar Diaz, Nicolás, Borja, Julio, García, Marco, Barba, Sergio, Vivar Diaz, Nicolás, Borja, Julio, and García, Marco

Abstract

Presentamos dos casos de pénfigo foliáceo diagnosticados en base al cuadro clínica, exámenes de laboratorio inmunológico e inmunofluorescencia de los cortes de piel afectada. Lo más llamativo de estos casos es el aumento neto de gemma-globulinas, especialmente de IgG, la poca afectación sobre el sistema del complemento, la ausencia de anticuerpos anticomponentes nucleares y citoplasmáticos celulares, asàcomo muy probable depresión cualitativa y/o cuantitativa de la respuesta inmune celular. Se hacen algunas especulaciones acerca del origen infeccioso de la enfermedad, probablemente con la participación de ciertos tipos de virus “lentos” que actuando sobre un sistema inmunológico alterado producirían la enfermedad activa. También compararemos los resultados de dos esquemas de tratamiento; uno que hemos denominado “conservador” que contempla la eliminación de las ampollas, manejo metabólica, híbrido, electrolítico correctos, con medidas profilácticas para evitar infecciones sobreñadidas, como si tratara de una quemadura superficial extensa y que nos ha dado buenos resultados; y otro esquema, “clásico”, usando esteroides e inmunosupresores, que es muy peligroso y que quizá contribuyó a producir la muerte a una paciente con probables alteraciones inmunológicas profundas

Published
1984

35. Editorial

Author

Barba, Sergio, Soria, Carlos, Barba, Sergio, and Soria, Carlos

Published
1984

36. Valores de algunas determinaciones inmunológicas normales en nuestro medio

Author

Barba, Sergio, Proaño, Victor, Carrera, Alfredo, Barba, Sergio, Proaño, Victor, and Carrera, Alfredo

Abstract

Se analizan 678 determinaciones inmunológicas en personas sanas o con otras afecciones sin compromiso inmunológico, que concurren al Hospital General de las Fuerzas Armadas, de Quito. Por el método de inmunodifusión radial se dosifican las inmunoglobulinas G, A y M en el suero ; IgA en saliva; valores de C3 y alfa-1 antitripsina en el suero. Los valores obtenidos tienen buena correlación estadística y se les ha clasificado en tres grupos de edades: de 0-12; de 13-60 años y de más de 60, en relación a épocas de la vida influyentes en la madurez inmunológica de las personas. Estos demuestran que los límites inferiores de las cifras son mayores en nuestra población en la determinación de inmunoglobulinas, complemente, alfa-1 antitripsina. Los valores altos son concordantes con los de referencia internacional.

Published
1984

37. La fagocitosis en los mecanismos de defensa inespecífica

Author

Barba, Sergio and Barba, Sergio

Abstract

Se hace una revisión bibliográfica acerca de los mecanismos de defensa orgánica específicos y no específicos y de sus relaciones con la fagocitosis, considerando que a ésta convergen las dos funciones. Luego de identificar a las células participantes, su origen y cinética, se explican los pasos conocidos del proceso fagocítico: quimiotaxis, reconocimiento, ingestión, degranulación, digestión y detoxificación, asàcomo a los principales elementos que los influencian, tanto patológicos como farmacológicos, incluyendo los resultados de un estudio piloto realizado por el autor en pacientes con asma bronquial alérgica tratados con un estimulante beta-2 adrenérgico. Se concluye recalcando la importancia del estudio de los mecanismos de defensa inespecíficos, de la fagocitosis y de los medicamentos que podrían influenciarlos para poder aplicar sus resultados en el tratamiento diario de nuestros pacientes.

Published
1984

38. Síndromes RINO-SINU-BRONQUIALES en el Ecuador

Author

Barba, Sergio and Barba, Sergio

Abstract

Se hace un estudio tendiente a individualizar los llamados síndromes rino-sinu-bronqueales y a establecer las semejanzas y diferencias con el asma clásica de tipo alérgica. Se dice que son alteraciones de las vías respiratorias que tienen como origen alteraciones de las vías respiratorias altas que se complican frecuentemente en problemas broncoespásmicos que le dan características especiales y muy frecuentemente con problemas broncoespásmicos que le dan características especiales y muy frecuentemente confundidas con el asma. La padecen especialmente los niños, con alguna preferencia atópicos, que no presentan mucha positividad en sus estudios alergológicos, pero que en las pruebas espirométricas demuestran alteraciones del VEF de 0 a 25 primero y más tarde del 25 a 75, dándole características obstructivas mixtas: de tipo central y periférico. Esto también se demuestra en las curvas flujo-volumen con la disminución del volumen Peak. Se hacen algunas consideraciones de etiopatogenia, las cuales confluyen hacia el síndrome de hiperreactividad bronquial que está estudiándose ampliamente en este tiempo. También se notan algunas acotaciones respecto al tratamiento, y pronóstico de enfermedad.

Published
1984

40. Theoretical evaluation of the impact of diverse treatment conditions by calculation of the tumor control probability (TCP) of simulated cervical cancer Hyperthermia-Radiotherapy (HT-RT) treatments in-silico.

Author

Mingo Barba S, Ademaj A, Marder D, Riesterer O, Lattuada M, Füchslin RM, Petri-Fink A, and Scheidegger S

Subjects
Female, Humans, Combined Modality Therapy, HeLa Cells, Probability, Temperature, Hyperthermia, Induced, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms pathology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms radiotherapy, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms therapy
Abstract

Introduction: Hyperthermia (HT) induces various cellular biological processes, such as repair impairment and direct HT cell killing. In this context, in-silico biophysical models that translate deviations in the treatment conditions into clinical outcome variations may be used to study the extent of such processes and their influence on combined hyperthermia plus radiotherapy (HT + RT) treatments under varying conditions., Methods: An extended linear-quadratic model calibrated for SiHa and HeLa cell lines (cervical cancer) was used to theoretically study the impact of varying HT treatment conditions on radiosensitization and direct HT cell killing effect. Simulated patients were generated to compute the Tumor Control Probability (TCP) under different HT conditions (number of HT sessions, temperature and time interval), which were randomly selected within margins based on reported patient data., Results: Under the studied conditions, model-based simulations suggested a treatment improvement with a total CEM43 thermal dose of approximately 10 min. Additionally, for a given thermal dose, TCP increased with the number of HT sessions. Furthermore, in the simulations, we showed that the TCP dependence on the temperature/time interval is more correlated with the mean value than with the minimum/maximum value and that comparing the treatment outcome with the mean temperature can be an excellent strategy for studying the time interval effect., Conclusion: The use of thermoradiobiological models allows us to theoretically study the impact of varying thermal conditions on HT + RT treatment outcomes. This approach can be used to optimize HT treatments, design clinical trials, and interpret patient data.

Published
2024
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41. Prevalence and associated factors for asthma in adults in Quito: a cross-sectional study.

Author

Cabrera A, Picado C, Barba S, Fonseca O, Castro E, García-Marcos L, and Rodríguez A

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Respiratory Sounds etiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Rhinitis epidemiology, Asthma epidemiology
Abstract

Background: Although several epidemiological studies of asthma have been carried out in Ecuador in the last two decades, none of these has estimated the prevalence of asthma in adult populations., Objective: To estimate the prevalence of asthma symptoms in adults in the city of Quito and to identify possible associated factors., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on subjects older than 18 years residing in the Metropolitan District of Quito. The Global Asthma Network (GAN) questionnaire was applied to collect information on asthma symptoms and sociodemographic and lifestyle data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses with logistic regression were used to identify asthma-related factors., Results: 2,476 subjects answered the questionnaire (80.9% women, mean age 40 years). The prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 months, asthma ever, and asthma diagnosed by a doctor were 6.3%, 1.9% and 1.6%, respectively. The prevalence of rhinitis ever and eczema ever was 13.7% and 5.5%. The presence of mould at home (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.48 -3.06; p <0.001), cat at home (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.06 -2.13; p <0.022) and rhinitis at some time (OR: 3.65; 95% CI: 2.53 - 5.29; p <0.022) were associated with the presence of wheezing in the last 12 months., Conclusions: Our study shows that, compared to other cities in Latin America, the prevalence of asthma in adults in Quito is relatively low. Along with the presence of rhinitis, factors related to housing quality are closely linked to the occurrence of asthma in adult populations., Competing Interests: Conflict of interests: None declared, (Copyright © 2022 Colombia Medica.)

Published
2022
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