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228 results on '"Barba, S."'

3. Are Environmental Factors for Atopic Eczema in ISAAC Phase Three due to Reverse Causation?

Author

Aït-Khaled, N., Anderson, H.R., Asher, M.I., Beasley, R., Björkstén, B., Brunekreef, B., Crane, J., Ellwood, P., Flohr, C., Foliaki, S., Forastiere, F., García-Marcos, L., Keil, U., Lai, C.K.W., Mallol, J., Mitchell, E.A., Montefort, S., Odhiambo, J., Pearce, N., Robertson, C.F., Stewart, A.W., Strachan, D., von Mutius, E., Weiland, S.K., Weinmayr, G., Williams, H.C., Wong, G., Clayton, T.O., Ellwood, E., Baena-Cagnani, C.E., Gómez, M., Howitt, M.E., Weyler, J., Pinto-Vargas, R., Petrolera de Salud, Caja, Cunha, A.J. D.A., de Freitas Souza, L., Kuaban, C., Ferguson, A., Rennie, D., Standring, P., Aguilar, P., Amarales, L., Benavides, L.A., Contreras, A., Chen, Y.-Z., Kunii, O., Pan, Q. Li, Zhong, N.-S., Aristizábal, G., Cepeda, A.M., Ordoñez, G.A., Bustos, C., Riikjärv, M.-A., Melaku, K., Sa’aga-Banuve, R., Pekkanen, J., Hypolite, I.E., Novák, Z., Zsigmond, G., Awasthi, S., Bhave, S., Hanumante, N.M., Jain, K.C., Joshi, M.K., Mantri, S.N., Pherwani, A.V., Rego, S., Sabir, M., Salvi, S., Setty, G., Sharma, S.K., Singh, V., Sukumaran, T., Suresh Babu, P.S., Kartasasmita, C.B., Konthen, P., Suprihati, W., Masjedi, M.R., Steriu, A., Koffi, B.N., Odajima, H., al-Momen, J.A., Imanalieva, C., Kudzyte, J., Quah, B.S., Teh, K.H., Baeza-Bacab, M., Barragán-Meijueiro, M., Del-Río-Navarro, B.E., García-Almaráz, R., González-Díaz, S.N., Linares-Zapién, F.J., Merida-Palacio, J.V., Ramírez-Chanona, N., Romero-Tapia, S., Romieu, I., Bouayad, Z., MacKay, R., Moyes, C., Pattemore, P., Onadeko, B.O., Cukier, G., Chiarella, P., Cua-Lim, F., Brêborowicz, A., Solé, D., Sears, M., Aguirre, V., Barba, S., Shah, J., Baratawidjaja, K., Nishima, S., de Bruyne, J., Tuuau-Potoi, N., Lai, C.K., Lee, B.W., El Sony, A., Anderson, R., Rutter, Charlotte E., Silverwood, Richard J., Williams, Hywel C., Ellwood, Philippa, Asher, Innes, Garcia-Marcos, Luis, Strachan, David P., Pearce, Neil, and Langan, Sinéad M.

Published
2019
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6. A GIS-BIM Approach for the Evaluation of Urban Transformations. A Methodological Proposal

Author

Grimaldi, M., Giordano, C., Graziuso, G., Barba, S., and Fasolino, I.

Subjects
Urban Plan, GIS, BIM, urban indicators, urban transformations evaluation, General Energy, Urban Plan, urban transformations evaluation, Geography, Planning and Development, BIM, GIS, urban indicators, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The implementation and monitoring of the urban transformations provided by the planning tools require a control by the responsible territorial authorities on the compliance of the proposed transformations with the technical and binding rules of the current plans. Considering the complexity of the urban and territorial scale, professionals need a tool capable of satisfying the planning, design and management needs of urban space. The large amount of data and the possibilities of managing the multiple information contained in a BIM model can, indeed, be integrated usefully and declined at higher scales than the single building one, since they can be extended from the sphere of pure architectural design to planning sector. In such a wide context, the GIS-BIM approach can represent a real shift of paradigm aimed at managing the complexity of urban processes more effectively.

Published
2022
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7. Trends in eczema prevalence in children and adolescents: A Global Asthma Network Phase I Study

Author

Langan, SM, Mulick, AR, Rutter, CE, Silverwood, R, Asher, I, García-Marcos, L, Ellwood, E, Bissell, K, Chiang, CY, Sony, AE, Ellwood, P, Marks, G, Mortimer, K, Martínez-Torres, AE, Morales, E, Perez-Fernandez, V, Robertson, S, Williams, H, Strachan, DP, Pearce, N, Marks, Masekela, R, Martinez-Torres, AE, Silverwood, RJ, Mallol, J, Soto-Martinez, ME, Cabrera Aguilar, A, Douros, K, Mohammed, S, Singh, M, Singh, V, Sukumaran, TU, Awasthi, S, Kabra, SK, Salvi, S, Mérida-Palacio, JV, González-Díaz, SN, Navarrete-Rodriguez, EM, Sánchez, JF, Falade, AG, Zar, HJ, López-Silvarrey Varela, A, González Díaz, C, Nour, M, Dib, G, Mohammad, Y, Huang, JL, Chinratanapisit, S, Soto-Quirós, ME, El-Sony, A, Vichyanond, P, Aguilar, P, Barba, S, Kumar, L, Sharma, SK, Hanumante, NM, García-Almaráz, R, Del-Río-Navarro, BE, Linares-Zapién, FJ, Onadeko, BO, Musa, OAA, Aguirre, V, Baeza-Bacab, M, Mohammad, S, Cortéz, E, Gratziou, CH, Chopra, K, Nelson, H, Rubio, AD, Hsieh, KH, Shah, J, Langan, SM [0000-0002-7022-7441], Mulick, AR [0000-0002-4009-2080], García-Marcos, L [0000-0002-0925-3851], Morales, E [0000-0003-3145-7022], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
global estimates, atopic dermatitis, flexural rash, prevalence, eczema
Abstract

Background: Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a major global public health issue with high prevalence and morbidity. Our goal was to evaluate eczema prevalence over time, using standardized methodology. Methods: The Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I study is an international collaborative study arising from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC). Using surveys, we assessed eczema prevalence, severity, and lifetime prevalence, in global centres participating in GAN Phase I (2015–2020) and one/ both of ISAAC Phase I (1993–1995) and Phase III (2001–2003). We fitted linear mixed models to estimate 10‐yearly prevalence trends, by age group, income, and region. Results: We analysed GAN Phase I data from 27 centres in 14 countries involving 74,361 adolescents aged 13–14 and 47,907 children aged 6–7 (response rate 90%, 79%). A median of 6% of children and adolescents had symptoms of current eczema, with 1.1% and 0.6% in adolescents and children, respectively, reporting symptoms of severe eczema. Over 27 years, after adjusting for world region and income, we estimated small overall 10‐year increases in current eczema prevalence (adolescents: 0.98%, 95% CI 0.04%–1.92%; children: 1.21%, 95% CI 0.18%–2.24%), and severe eczema (adolescents: 0.26%, 95% CI 0.06%–0.46%; children: 0.23%, 95% CI 0.02%–0.45%) with larger increases in lifetime prevalence (adolescents: 2.71%, 95% CI 1.10%–4.32%; children: 3.91%, 95% CI 2.07%–5.75%). There was substantial heterogeneity in 10‐year change between centres (standard deviations 2.40%, 0.58%, and 3.04%), and strong evidence that some of this heterogeneity was explained by region and income level, with increases in some outcomes in high‐income children and middle‐income adolescents. Conclusions: There is substantial variation in changes in eczema prevalence over time by income and region. Understanding reasons for increases in some regions and decreases in others will help inform prevention strategies.

Published
2023

9. Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries?

Author

Bousquet J., Anto J. M., Iaccarino G., Czarlewski W., Haahtela T., Anto A., Akdis C. A., Blain H., Canonica G. W., Cardona V., Cruz A. A., Illario M., Ivancevich J. C., Jutel M., Klimek L., Kuna P., Laune D., Larenas-Linnemann D., Mullol J., Papadopoulos N. G., Pfaar O., Samolinski B., Valiulis A., Yorgancioglu A., Zuberbier T., Abdul Latiff A. H., Abdullah B., Aberer W., Abusada N., Adcock I., Afani A., Agache I., Aggelidis X., Agustin J., Akdis C., Akdis M., Al-Ahmad M., Al-Zahab Bassam A., Aldrey-Palacios O., Alvarez Cuesta E., Alzaabi A., Amad S., Ambrocio G., Annesi-Maesano I., Ansotegui I., Anto J., Arshad H., Artesani M. C., Asayag E., Avolio F., Azhari K., Baiardini I., Bajrovic N., Bakakos P., Bakeyala Mongono S., Balotro-Torres C., Barba S., Barbara C., Barbosa E., Barreto B., Bartra J., Bateman E. D., Battur L., Bedbrook A., Bedolla Barajas M., Beghe B., Bel E., Ben Kheder A., Benson M., Berghea C., Bergmann K. -C., Bernstein D., Bewick M., Bialek S., Bialoszewski A., Bieber T., Billo N., Bilo M. B., Bindslev-Jensen C., Bjermer L., Bochenska Marciniak M., Bond C., Boner A., Bonini M., Bonini S., Bosnic-Anticevich S., Bosse I., Botskariova S., Bouchard J., Boulet L. -P., Bourret R., Bousquet P., Braido F., Briggs A., Brightling C., Brozek J., Buhl R., Bumbacea R., Burguete Cabanas M. T., Bush A., Busse W. W., Buters J., Caballero-Fonseca F., Calderon M. A., Calvo M., Camargos P., Camuzat T., Cano A., Capriles-Hulett A., Caraballo L., Carlsen K. -H., Caro J., Carr W., Carreon-Asuncion F., Carriazo A. M., Casale T., Castor M. A., Castro E., Cecchi L., Cepeda Sarabia A., Chandrasekharan R., Chang Y. -S., Chato-Andeza V., Chatzi L., Chatzidaki C., Chavannes N. H., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chivato T., Chkhartishvili E., Christoff G., Chrystyn H., Chu D. K., Chua A., Chuchalin A., Chung K. F., Ciceran A., Cingi C., Ciprandi G., Cirule I., Coelho A. C., Constantinidis J., Correia De Sousa J., Costa E., Costa D., Costa Dominguez M. D. C., Coste A., Cox L., Cullen J., Custovic A., Cvetkovski B., D'Amato G., Da Silva J., Dahl R., Dahlen S. -E., Daniilidis V., Darjazini Nahhas L., Darsow U., De Blay F., De Guia E., De Los Santos C., De Manuel Keenoy E., De Vries G., Deleanu D., Demoly P., Denburg J., Devillier P., Didier A., Dimou M., Dinh-Xuan A. T., Djukanovic R., Dokic D., Dominguez Silva M. G., Douagui H., Douladiris N., Doulaptsi M., Dray G., Dubakiene R., Durham S., Dykewicz M., Ebo D., Edelbaher N., Eklund P., El-Gamal Y., El-Sayed Z. A., El-Sayed S. S., El-Seify M., Emuzyte R., Enecilla L., Espinoza H., Espinoza Contreras J. G., Farrell J., Fernandez L., Fink Wagner A., Fiocchi A., Fokkens W. J., Fontaine J. -F., Forastiere F., Fuentes Perez J. M., Gaerlan-Resureccion E., Gaga M., Galvez Romero J. L., Gamkrelidze A., Garcia A., Garcia Cobas C. Y., Garcia Cruz M. D. L. L. H., Gayraud J., Gemicioglu B., Genova S., Gereda J., Gerth Van Wijk R., Gomez M., Gonzalez Diaz S., Gotua M., Grigoreas C., Grisle I., Guidacci M., Guldemond N., Gutter Z., Guzman A., Halloum R., Hamelmann E., Hammadi S., Harvey R., Heinrich J., Hejjaoui A., Hellquist-Dahl B., Hernandez Velazquez L., Hew M., Hossny E., Howarth P., Hrubisko M., Huerta Villalobos Y. R., Humbert M., Hyland M., Ibrahim M., Ilyina N., Irani C., Ispayeva Z., Jares E., Jarvis D., Jassem E., Jenko K., Jimeneracruz Uscanga R. D., Johnston S., Joos G., Jost M., Julge K., Jung K. -S., Just J., Kaidashev I., Kalayci O., Kalyoncu F., Kapsali J., Kardas P., Karjalainen J., Kasala C. A., Katotomichelakis M., Kazi B., Keil T., Keith P., Khaitov M., Khaltaev N., Kim Y. -Y., Kleine-Tebbe J., Koffi N'Goran B., Kompoti E., Kopac P., Koppelman G., Koren Jeverica A., Kosnik M., Kostov K. V., Kowalski M. L., Kralimarkova T., Kramer Vrscaj K., Kraxner H., Kreft S., Kritikos V., Kudlay D., Kull I., Kupczyk M., Kvedariene V., Kyriakakou M., Lalek N., Lane S., Latiff A., Lau S., Lavrut J., Le L., Lessa M., Levin M., Li J., Lieberman P., Liotta G., Lipworth B., Liu X., Lobo R., Lodrup Carlsen K. C., Lombardi C., Louis R., Loukidis S., Lourenco O., Luna Pech J. A., Madjar B., Magnan A., Mahboub B., Mair A., Mais Y., Maitland Van Der Zee A. -H., Makela M., Makris M., Malling H. -J., Mandajieva M., Manning P., Manousakis M., Maragoudakis P., Marshall G., Martinsmartins P., Masjedi M. R., Maspero J. F., Matta Campos J. J., Maurer M., Mavale-Manuel S., Meco C., Melen E., Melo-Gomes E., Meltzer E. O., Menditto E., Menzies-Gow A., Merk H., Michel J. -P., Miculinic N., Midao L., Mihaltan F., Mikael K., Mikos N., Milenkovic B., Mitsias D., Moalla B., Moda G., Mogica Martinez M. D., Mohammad Y., Moin M., Molimard M., Momas I., Monaco A., Montefort S., Mora D., Morais-Almeida M., Mosges R., Mostafa B. E., Munter L., Muraro A., Murray R., Mustakov T., Naclerio R., Nadif R., Nakonechna A., Namazova-Baranova L., Navarro-Locsin G., Neffen H., Nekam K., Neou A., Nicod L., Niederberger-Leppin V., Niedoszytko M., Nieto A., Novellino E., Nunes E., Nyembue D., O'Hehir R., Odjakova C., Ohta K., Okamoto Y., Okubo K., Oliver B., Onorato G. L., Orru M. P., Ouedraogo S., Ouoba K., Paggiaro P. L., Pagkalos A., Palaniappan S. P., Pali-Scholl I., Palkonen S., Palmer S., Panaitescu Bunu C., Panzner P., Papanikolaou V., Papi A., Paralchev B., Paraskevopoulos G., Park H. S., Passalacqua G., Patella V., Pavord I., Pawankar R., Pedersen S., Peleve S., Pereira A., Perez T., Pham-Thi N., Pigearias B., Pin I., Piskou K., Pitsios C., Pitsios K., Plavec D., Poethig D., Pohl W., Poplas Susic A., Popov T. A., Portejoie F., Potter P., Poulsen L., Prados-Torres A., Prarros F., Price D., Prokopakis E., Puy R., Rabe K., Raciborski F., Ramos J., Recto M. T., Reda S. M., Regateiro F., Reider N., Reitsma S., Repka-Ramirez S., Rimmer J., Rivero Yeverino D., Rizzo J. A., Robalo-Cordeiro C., Roberts G., Roche N., Rodriguez Gonzalez M., Rodriguez Zagal E., Rolland C., Roller-Wirnsberger R., Roman Rodriguez M., Romano A., Rombaux P., Romualdez J., Rosado-Pinto J., Rosario N., Rosenwasser L., Rottem M., Rouadi P., Rovina N., Rozman Sinur I., Ruiz M., Ruiz Segura L. T., Ryan D., Sagara H., Sakai D., Sakurai D., Saleh W., Salimaki J., Salina H., Samitas K., Sanchez Coronel M. G., Sanchez-Borges M., Sanchez-Lopez J., Sarafoleanu C., Sarquis Serpa F., Sastre-Dominguez J., Scadding G., Scheire S., Schmid-Grendelmeier P., Schuhl J. F., Schunemann H., Schvalbova M., Scichilone N., Sepulveda C., Serrano E., Sheikh A., Shields M., Shishkov V., Siafakas N., Simeonov A., Simons E. F., Sisul J. C., Sitkauskiene B., Skrindo I., Soklic Kosak T., Sole D., Sooronbaev T., Soto-Martinez M., Sova M., Spertini F., Spranger O., Stamataki S., Stefanaki L., Stellato C., Stelmach R., Sterk P., Strandberg T., Stute P., Subramaniam A., Suppli Ulrik C., Sutherland M., Sylvestre S., Syrigou A., Taborda Barata L., Takovska N., Tan R., Tan F., Tan V., Tang I. P., Taniguchi M., Tannert L., Tattersall J., Teixeira M. D. C., Thijs C., Thomas M., To T., Todo-Bom A. M., Togias A., Tomazic P. -V., Toppila-Salmi S., Toskala E., Triggiani M., Triller N., Triller K., Tsiligianni I., Ulmeanu R., Urbancic J., Urrutia Pereira M., Vachova M., Valdes F., Valenta R., Valentin Rostan M., Valero A., Vallianatou M., Valovirta E., Van Eerd M., Van Ganse E., Van Hage M., Vandenplas O., Vasankari T., Vassileva D., Ventura M. T., Vera-Munoz C., Vicheva D., Vichyanond P., Vidgren P., Viegi G., Vogelmeier C., Von Hertzen L., Vontetsianos T., Vourdas D., Wagenmann M., Walker S., Wallace D., Wang D. Y., Waserman S., Wickman M., Williams S., Williams D., Wilson N., Woo K., Wright J., Wroczynski P., Xepapadaki P., Yakovliev P., Yamaguchi M., Yan K., Yap Y. Y., Yawn B., Yiallouros P., Yoshihara S., Young I., Yusuf O. B., Zaidi A., Zaitoun F., Zar H., Zernotti M., Zhang L., Zhong N., Zidarn M., Zubrinich C., UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Bousquet J., Anto J.M., Iaccarino G., Czarlewski W., Haahtela T., Anto A., Akdis C.A., Blain H., Canonica G.W., Cardona V., Cruz A.A., Illario M., Ivancevich J.C., Jutel M., Klimek L., Kuna P., Laune D., Larenas-linnemann D., Mullol J., Papadopoulos N.G., Pfaar O., Samolinski B., Valiulis A., Yorgancioglu A., Zuberbier T., Abdul Latiff A.H., Abdullah B., Aberer W., Abusada N., Adcock I., Afani A., Agache I., Aggelidis X., Agustin J., Akdis C., Akdis M., Al-Ahmad M., Bassam A.A.-Z., Aldrey-Palacios O., Cuesta E.A., Alzaabi A., Amad S., Ambrocio G., Annesi-Maesano I., Ansotegui I., Anto J., Arshad H., Artesani M.C., Asayag E., Avolio F., Azhari K., Baiardini I., Bajrovic N., Bakakos P., Mongono S.B., Balotro-Torres C., Barba S., Barbara C., Barbosa E., Barreto B., Bartra J., Bateman E.D., Battur L., Bedbrook A., Barajas M.B., Beghe B., Bel E., Kheder A.B., Benson M., Berghea C., Bergmann K.-C., Bernstein D., Bewick M., Bialek S., Bialoszewski A., Bieber T., Billo N., Bilo M.B., Bindslev-Jensen C., Bjermer L., Marciniak M.B., Bond C., Boner A., Bonini M., Bonini S., Bosnic-Anticevich S., Bosse I., Botskariova S., Bouchard J., Boulet L.-P., Bourret R., Bousquet P., Braido F., Briggs A., Brightling C., Brozek J., Buhl R., Bumbacea R., Cabanas M.T.B., Bush A., Busse W.W., Buters J., Caballero-Fonseca F., Calderon M.A., Calvo M., Camargos P., Camuzat T., Cano A., Capriles-Hulett A., Caraballo L., Carlsen K.-H., Caro J., Carr W., Carreon-Asun-cion F., Carriazo A.M., Casale T., Castor M.A., Castro E., Cecchi L., Sarabia A.C., Chandrasekharan R., Chang Y.-S., Chato-Andeza V., Chatzi L., Chatzidaki C., Chavannes N.H., Chen Y., Cheng L., Chivato T., Chkhartishvili E., Christoff G., Chrystyn H., Chu D.K., Chua A., Chuchalin A., Chung K.F., Ciceran A., Cingi C., Ciprandi G., Cirule I., Coelho A.C., Constantinidis J., de Sousa J.C., Costa E., Costa D., Dominguez M.C.C., Coste A., Cox L., Cullen J., Custovic A., Cvetkovski B., D'amato G., Silva J.D., Dahl R., Dahlen S.-E., Daniilidis V., Nahhas L.D., Darsow U., Blay F., Guia E.D., Santos C., Keenoy E.D.M., Vries G.D., Deleanu D., Demoly P., Denburg J., Devillier P., Didier A., Dimou M., Dinh-Xuan A.T., Djukanovic R., Dokic D., Dominguez Silva M.G., Douagui H., Douladiris N., Doulaptsi M., Dray G., Dubakiene R., Durham S., Dykewicz M., Ebo D., Edelbaher N., Eklund P., El-Gamal Y., El-Sayed Z.A., El-Sayed S.S., El-Seify M., Emuzyte R., Enecilla L., Espinoza H., Guillermo J., Contreras E., Farrell J., Fernandez L., Wagner A.F., Fiocchi A., Fokkens W.J., Fontaine J.-F., Forastiere F., Perez J.M.F., Gaerlan-resureccion E., Gaga M., Romero J.L.G., Gamkrelidze A., Garcia A., Cobas C.Y.G., Garcia Cruz M.L.L.H., Gayraud J., Gemicioglu B., Genova S., Gereda J., Wijk R.G., Gomez M., Diaz S.G., Gotua M., Grigoreas C., Grisle I., Guidacci M., Guldemond N., Gutter Z., Guzman A., Halloum R., Hamelmann E., Hammadi S., Harvey R., Heinrich J., Hejjaoui A., Hellquist-Dahl B., Velazquez L.H., Hew M., Hossny E., Howarth P., Hrubisko M., Villalobos Y.R.H., Humbert M., Hyland M., Ibrahim M., Ilyina N., Irani C., Ispayeva Z., Jares E., Jarvis D., Jassem E., Jenko K., Uscanga R.D.J., Johnston S., Joos G., Jost M., Julge K., Jung K.-S., Just J., Kaidashev I., Kalayci O., Kalyoncu F., Kapsali J., Kardas P., Karjalainen J., Kasala C.A., Katotomichelakis M., Kazi B., Keil T., Keith P., Khaitov M., Khaltaev N., Kim Y.-Y., Kleine-Tebbe J., Koffi N'Goran B., Kompoti E., Kopac P., Koppelman G., Jeverica A.K., Kosnik M., Kostov K.V., Kowalski M.L., Kralimarkova T., Vrscaj K.K., Kraxner H., Kreft S., Kritikos V., Kudlay D., Kull I., Kupczyk M., Kvedariene V., Kyriakakou M., Lalek N., Lane S., Larenas-Linnemann D., Latiff A., Lau S., Lavrut J., Le L., Lessa M., Levin M., Li J., Lieberman P., Liotta G., Lipworth B., Liu X., Lobo R., Lodrup Carlsen K.C., Lombardi C., Louis R., Loukidis S., Lourenco O., Luna Pech J.A., Madjar B., Magnan A., Mahboub B., Mair A., Mais Y., van der Zee A.-H.M., Makela M., Makris M., Malling H.-J., Mandajieva M., Manning P., Manousakis M., Maragoudakis P., Marshall G., Martins P., Reza Masjedi M., Maspero J.F., Campos J.J.M., Maurer M., Mavale-Manuel S., Meco C., Melen E., Melo-Gomes E., Meltzer E.O., Menditto E., Menzies-Gow A., Merk H., Michel J.-P., Miculinic N., Midao L., Mihaltan F., Mikael K., Mikos N., Milenkovic B., Mitsias D., Moalla B., Moda G., Martinez M.D.M., Mohammad Y., Moin M., Molimard M., Momas I., Monaco A., Montefort S., Mora D., Morais-Almeida M., Mosges R., Mostafa B.E., Munter L., Muraro A., Murray R., Mustakov T., Naclerio R., Nadif R., Nakonechna A., Namazova-Baranova L., Navarro-Locsin G., Neffen H., Nekam K., Neou A., Nicod L., Niederberger-Leppin V., Niedoszytko M., Nieto A., Novellino E., Nunes E., Nyembue D., O'hehir R., Odjakova C., Ohta K., Okamoto Y., Okubo K., Oliver B., Onorato G.L., Orru M.P., Ouedraogo S., Ouoba K., Paggiaro P.L., Pagkalos A., Palaniappan S.P., Pali-Scholl I., Palkonen S., Palmer S., Bunu C.P., Panzner P., Papanikolaou V., Papi A., Paralchev B., Paraskevopoulos G., Park H.S., Passalacqua G., Patella V., Pavord I., Pawankar R., Pedersen S., Peleve S., Pereira A., Perez T., Pham-Thi N., Pigearias B., Pin I., Piskou K., Pitsios C., Pitsios K., Plavec D., Poethig D., Pohl W., Susic A.P., Popov T.A., Portejoie F., Potter P., Poulsen L., Prados-Torres A., Prarros F., Price D., Prokopakis E., Puy R., Rabe K., Raciborski F., Ramos J., Recto M.T., Reda S.M., Regateiro F., Reider N., Reitsma S., Repka-Ramirez S., Rimmer J., Yeverino D.R., Rizzo J.A., Robalo-Cordeiro C., Roberts G., Roche N., Gonzalez M.R., Zagal E.R., Rolland C., Roller-Wirns-berger R., Rodriguez M.R., Romano A., Rombaux P., Romualdez J., Rosado-Pinto J., Rosario N., Rosenwasser L., Rottem M., Rouadi P., Rovina N., Sinur I.R., Ruiz M., Segura L.T.R., Ryan D., 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B., Zaidi, A., Zaitoun, F., Zar, H., Zernotti, M., Zhang, L., Zhong, N., Zidarn, M., Zubrinich, C., University of Zurich, Bousquet, Jean, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 'Federico II' University of Naples Medical School, Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Euromov (EuroMov), Université de Montpellier (UM), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy., Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], ProAR – Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Global Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD-WHO), Division for Health Innovation, Servicio de Alergia e ImmunologiaBuenos Aires (Clinica Santa Isabel), Wrocław Medical University, Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden, University Hospital Mannheim, Barlicki University Hospital, KYomed INNOV [Montpellier], Hospital Medica Sur [Mexico City, Mexico], Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester [Manchester], General Children's Hospital of Athens P & A Kyriakou, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Vilnius University [Vilnius], Manisa Celal Bayar University, and Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie

Subjects
BLOOD-PRESSURE, Review, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Antioxidant, Coronavirus, Diet, Food, law.invention, Dietary interventions, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 10183 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, law, Medicine and Health Sciences, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, education.field_of_study, Mortality rate, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Antioxidant, Coronavirus, Diet, Food, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Coronaviru, Immunology, Population, 610 Medicine & health, COVID-19, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, population, angiotensin-converting enzyme, Quarantine, education, 2403 Immunology, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE PEPTIDES, business.industry, RC581-607, GENE, POLYMORPHISM, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030228 respiratory system, 2740 Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Regional differences, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract

Reported COVID-19 deaths in Germany are relatively low as compared to many European countries. Among the several explanations proposed, an early and large testing of the population was put forward. Most current debates on COVID-19 focus on the differences among countries, but little attention has been given to regional differences and diet. The low-death rate European countries (e.g. Austria, Baltic States, Czech Republic, Finland, Norway, Poland, Slovakia) have used different quarantine and/or confinement times and methods and none have performed as many early tests as Germany. Among other factors that may be significant are the dietary habits. It seems that some foods largely used in these countries may reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or are anti-oxidants. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit.

Published
2020
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11. L'ineluttabile meticcio

Author

Bruno Barba, S.

Subjects
Meticciato, Antropologia, Migrazioni, Meticciato, Migrazioni, Antropologia
Published
2022

14. A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE ACCURACY OF THE TIE POINTS CLOUD: THE CASE STUDY OF PALAZZO DE FALCO.

Author

Barba, S., Di Benedetto, A., di Filippo, A., and Fiani, M.

Subjects
POINT cloud, MEASUREMENT errors, INTEGRATED software, THREE-dimensional modeling, COORDINATE transformations, GLOBAL Positioning System
Abstract

In the context of cultural heritage documentation and conservation, an accurate 3D model is essential to properly describe an artifact of historical relevance and provide the expert user with verified metric data. In this paper we propose a workflow aimed at estimating errors in the image orientation steps, which is useful for improving the accuracy of the sparse cloud (composed of Tie Points). Some parameters provided as input to the processing software, often overlooked by the user in favour of the default ones, are analysed. Specifically, tests are carried out using the commercial software package Agisoft Metashape and involve the analysis of three parameters: (i) the accuracy of measuring the Ground Control Points (GCPs) provided by the user; (ii) the accuracy of the Tie Points (TPs) computed by the software; and (iii) the accuracy of collimating the GCPs on the image. The accuracy of the GCPs is estimated by implementing the formulas of error propagation in MATLAB, considering the three concurring sources of error: the coordinate measurement with the Total Station (TS), the coordinate transformation from the local system to the UTM/ETRF00 System, and the GNSS measurement for estimating the transformation parameters. The transformation parameters are calculated using the Bursa Wolf method. The collimation accuracy of GCPs on the image is estimated by the reprojection error of each single GCPs on the image plane. The accuracy of the GCPs will be estimated by the standard error per unit weight (SEUW), accurate GCPs being expected to have a SEUW value close to unity. SEUW is also the overall indicator for estimating the accuracy of the TPS cloud because it is influenced, in different ways, by all three parameters analysed. Test Area is a historic building located in the town of Fisciano, a few kilometres from the city of Salerno, known as Palazzo De Falco. The results highlight how these parameters, if not properly considered, can significantly affect the final 3D model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. Trends in hospital admissions and mortality rates for asthma in Ecuador: a joinpoint regression analysis of data from 2000 to 2018

Author

Cabrera, A, Rodriguez, A, Romero-Sandoval, N, Barba, S, and Cooper, PJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although asthma has emerged as an important public health problem over recent decades in Latin America, there are limited published data on national hospital admission and mortality rates for asthma from countries in the region. OBJECTIVE: To analyse trends in asthma hospitalisation and mortality rates in Ecuador over a 19-year period from 2000 to 2018. METHODS: Hospital discharge and death certificates listing asthma, as defined in the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes (J45 and J46), were used to analyse time trends in rates of hospital admissions and mortality for asthma. The data were obtained from the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census. Crude and age-standardised rates were estimated for the entire population. Additionally, specific rates by sex, age and region were estimated. We used joinpoint analysis to identify national trends. RESULT: During 2000-2018, a total of 58 250 hospitalisations and 1328 deaths due to asthma were identified. The average annual rates for hospitalisation and mortality attributed to asthma were estimated to be 21 (95% CI 19.3 to 22.8) and 5.2 (95% CI 4.4 to 6.0) per 100 000 population, respectively, over this period. Asthma hospital admissions decreased from 28 to 13.7 per 100 000 population between 2000 and 2018, and asthma mortality decreased from 0.8 to 0.3 per 100 000 population over the same period. Based on jointpoint analysis, two temporal trends were identified for hospital admissions. Between 2000 and 2011, hospital admissions decreased 0.8% per year and between 2011 and 2018 decreased 6.6% per year (p

Published
2021

20. Correction to: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? (Clinical and Translational Allergy, (2020), 10, 1, (16), 10.1186/s13601-020-00323-0)

Author

Bousquet, J. Anto, J.M. Iaccarino, G. Czarlewski, W. Haahtela, T. Anto, A. Akdis, C.A. Blain, H. Canonica, G.W. Cardona, V. Cruz, A.A. Illario, M. Ivancevich, J.C. Jutel, M. Klimek, L. Kuna, P. Laune, D. Larenas-linnemann, D. Mullol, J. Papadopoulos, N.G. Pfaar, O. Samolinski, B. Valiulis, A. Yorgancioglu, A. Zuberbier, T. Latiff, A.H.A. Abdullah, B. Aberer, W. Abusada, N. Adcock, I. Afani, A. Agache, I. Aggelidis, X. Agustin, J. Akdis, C. Akdis, M. Al-Ahmad, M. Bassam, A.A.-Z. Aldrey-Palacios, O. Cuesta, E.A. Alzaabi, A. Amad, S. Ambrocio, G. Annesi-Maesano, I. Ansotegui, I. Anto, J. Arshad, H. Artesani, M.C. Asayag, E. Avolio, F. Azhari, K. Baiardini, I. Bajrović, N. Bakakos, P. Mongono, S.B. Balotro-Torres, C. Barba, S. Barbara, C. Barbosa, E. Barreto, B. Bartra, J. Bateman, E.D. Battur, L. Bedbrook, A. Barajas, M.B. Beghé, B. Bel, E. Kheder, A.B. Benson, M. Berghea, C. Bergmann, K.-C. Bernstein, D. Bewick, M. Bialek, S. Białoszewski, A. Bieber, T. Billo, N. Bilo, M.B. Bindslev-Jensen, C. Bjermer, L. Blain, H. Marciniak, M.B. Bond, C. Boner, A. Bonini, M. Bonini, S. Bosnic-Anticevich, S. Bosse, I. Botskariova, S. Bouchard, J. Boulet, L.-P. Bourret, R. Bousquet, P. Braido, F. Briggs, A. Brightling, C. Brozek, J. Buhl, R. Bumbacea, R. Cabañas, M.T.B. Bush, A. Busse, W.W. Buters, J. Caballero-Fonseca, F. Calderon, M.A. Calvo, M. Camargos, P. Camuzat, T. Cano, A. Capriles-Hulett, A. Caraballo, L. Cardona, V. Carlsen, K.-H. Caro, J. Carr, W. Carreon-Asun-cion, F. Carriazo, A.M. Casale, T. Castor, M.A. Castro, E. Cecchi, L. Sarabia, A.C. Chandrasekharan, R. Chang, Y.-S. Chato-Andeza, V. Chatzi, L. Chatzidaki, C. Chavannes, N.H. Chen, Y. Cheng, L. Chivato, T. Chkhartishvili, E. Christoff, G. Chrystyn, H. Chu, D.K. Chua, A. Chuchalin, A. Chung, K.F. Cicerán, A. Cingi, C. Ciprandi, G. Cirule, I. Coelho, A.C. Constantinidis, J. Sousa, J.C. Costa, E. Costa, D. Domínguez, M.C.C. Coste, A. Cox, L. Cruz, A.A. Cullen, J. Custovic, A. Cvetkovski, B. Czarlewski, W. D’amato, G. Silva, J.D. Dahl, R. Dahlen, S.-E. Daniilidis, V. Nahhas, L.D. Darsow, U. Blay, F. Guia, E.D. Santos, C. Keenoy, E.D.M. Vries, G.D. Deleanu, D. Demoly, P. Denburg, J. Devillier, P. Didier, A. Dimou, M. Dinh-Xuan, A.T. Djukanovic, R. Dokic, D. Silva, M.G.D. Douagui, H. Douladiris, N. Doulaptsi, M. Dray, G. Dubakiene, R. Durham, S. Dykewicz, M. Ebo, D. Edelbaher, N. Eklund, P. El-Gamal, Y. El-Sayed, Z.A. El-Sayed, S.S. El-Seify, M. Emuzyte, R. Enecilla, L. Espinoza, H. Farrell, J. Fernandez, L. Wagner, A.F. Fiocchi, A. Fokkens, W.J. Fontaine, J.-F. Forastiere, F. Fuentes, J.M. Gaerlan–resureccion, E. Gaga, M. Romero, J.L.G. Gamkrelidze, A. Garcia, A. Cobas, C.Y.G. Gayraud, J. Gemicioglu, B. Genova, S. Gereda, J. Wijk, R.G. Gomez, M. Diaz, S.G. Gotua, M. Grigoreas, C. Grisle, I. Guidacci, M. Guldemond, N. Gutter, Z. Guzmán, A. Haahtela, T. Halloum, R. Hamelmann, E. Hammadi, S. Harvey, R. Heinrich, J. Hejjaoui, A. Hellquist-Dahl, B. Velázquez, L.H. Hew, M. Hossny, E. Howarth, P. Hrubiško, M. Villalobos, Y.R.H. Humbert, M. Hyland, M. Iaccarino, G. Ibrahim, M. Illario, M. Ilyina, N. Irani, C. Ispayeva, Z. Ivancevich, J.C. Jares, E. Jarvis, D. Jassem, E. Jenko, K. Uscanga, R.D.J. Johnston, S. Joos, G. Jošt, M. Julge, K. Jung, K.-S. Just, J. Jutel, M. Kaidashev, I. Kalayci, O. Kalyoncu, F. Kapsali, J. Kardas, P. Karjalainen, J. Kasala, C.A. Katotomichelakis, M. Kazi, B. Keil, T. Keith, P. Khaitov, M. Khaltaev, N. Kim, Y.-Y. Kleine-Tebbe, J. Klimek, L. Koffi N’Goran, B. Kompoti, E. Kopač, P. Koppelman, G. Jeverica, A.K. Košnik, M. Kostov, K.V. Kowalski, M.L. Kralimarkova, T. Vrščaj, K.K. Kraxner, H. Kreft, S. Kritikos, V. Kudlay, D. Kull, I. Kuna, P. Kupczyk, M. Kvedariene, V. Kyriakakou, M. Lalek, N. Lane, S. Larenas-Linnemann, D. Latiff, A. Lau, S. Laune, D. Lavrut, J. Le, L. Lessa, M. Levin, M. Li, J. Lieberman, P. Liotta, G. Lipworth, B. Liu, X. Lobo, R. Lodrup Carlsen, K.C. Lombardi, C. Louis, R. Loukidis, S. Lourenço, O. Luna Pech, J.A. Madjar, B. Magnan, A. Mahboub, B. Mair, A. Mais, Y. van der Zee, A.-H.M. Makela, M. Makris, M. Malling, H.-J. Mandajieva, M. Manning, P. Manousakis, M. Maragoudakis, P. Marshall, G. Martins, P. Masjedi, M.R. Máspero, J.F. Campos, J.J.M. Maurer, M. Mavale-Manuel, S. Meço, C. Melén, E. Melo-Gomes, E. Meltzer, E.O. Menditto, E. Menzies-Gow, A. Merk, H. Michel, J.-P. Miculinic, N. Midão, L. Mihaltan, F. Mikael, K. Mikos, N. Milenkovic, B. Mitsias, D. Moalla, B. Moda, G. Martínez, M.D.M. Mohammad, Y. Moin, M. Molimard, M. Momas, I. Monaco, A. Montefort, S. Mora, D. Morais-Almeida, M. Mösges, R. Mostafa, B.E. Mullol, J. Münter, L. Muraro, A. Murray, R. Mustakov, T. Naclerio, R. Nadif, R. Nakonechna, A. Namazova-Baranova, L. Navarro-Locsin, G. Neffen, H. Nekam, K. Neou, A. Nicod, L. Niederberger-Leppin, V. Niedoszytko, M. Nieto, A. Novellino, E. Nunes, E. Nyembue, D. O’hehir, R. Odjakova, C. Ohta, K. Okamoto, Y. Okubo, K. Oliver, B. Onorato, G.L. Orru, M.P. Ouédraogo, S. Ouoba, K. Paggiaro, P.L. Pagkalos, A. Palaniappan, S.P. Pali-Schöll, I. Palkonen, S. Palmer, S. Bunu, C.P. Panzner, P. Papadopoulos, N.G. Papanikolaou, V. Papi, A. Paralchev, B. Paraskevopoulos, G. Park, H.S. Passalacqua, G. Patella, V. Pavord, I. Pawankar, R. Pedersen, S. Peleve, S. Pereira, A. Pérez, T. Pfaar, O. Pham-Thi, N. Pigearias, B. Pin, I. Piskou, K. Pitsios, C. Pitsios, K. Plavec, D. Poethig, D. Pohl, W. Susic, A.P. Popov, T.A. Portejoie, F. Potter, P. Poulsen, L. Prados-Torres, A. Prarros, F. Price, D. Prokopakis, E. Puy, R. Rabe, K. Raciborski, F. Ramos, J. Recto, M.T. Reda, S.M. Regateiro, F. Reider, N. Reitsma, S. Repka-Ramirez, S. Rimmer, J. Yeverino, D.R. Rizzo, J.A. Robalo-Cordeiro, C. Roberts, G. Roche, N. González, M.R. Zagal, E.R. Rolland, C. Roller-Wirns-berger, R. Rodriguez, M.R. Romano, A. Rombaux, P. Romualdez, J. Rosado-Pinto, J. Rosario, N. Rosenwasser, L. Rottem, M. Rouadi, P. Rovina, N. Sinur, I.R. Ruiz, M. Segura, L.T.R. Ryan, D. Sagara, H. Sakai, D. Sakurai, D. Saleh, W. Salimaki, J. Salina, H. Samitas, K.-N. Coronel, M.G.S. Sanchez-Borges, M. Sanchez-Lopez, J. Sarafoleanu, C. Serpa, F.S. Sastre-Dominguez, J. Scadding, G. Scheire, S. Schmid-Grendelmeier, P. Schuhl, J.F. Schunemann, H. Schvalbová, M. Scichilone, N. Sepúlveda, C. Serrano, E. Sheikh, A. Shields, M. Shishkov, V. Siafakas, N. Simeonov, A. Simons, E.F. Sisul, J.C. Sitkauskiene, B. Skrindo, I. Soklič, T. Solé, D. Sooronbaev, T. Soto-Martinez, M. Sova, M. Spertini, F. Spranger, O. Stamataki, S. Stefanaki, L. Stellato, C. Stelmach, R. Sterk, P. Strandberg, T. Stute, P. Subramaniam, A. Ulrik, C.S. Sutherland, M. Sylvestre, S. Syrigou, A. Barata, L.T. Takovska, N. Tan, R. Tan, F. Tan, V. Tang, I.P. Taniguchi, M. Tannert, L. Tattersall, J. Teixeira, M.D.C. Thijs, C. Thomas, M. To, T. Todo-Bom, A.M. Togias, A. Tomazic, P.-V. Toppila-Salmi, S. Toskala, E. Triggiani, M. Triller, N. Triller, K. Tsiligianni, I. Ulmeanu, R. Urbancic, J. Pereira, M.U. Vachova, M. Valdés, F. Valenta, R. Rostan, M.V. Valero, A. Valiulis, A. Vallianatou, M. Valovirta, E. Eerd, M.V. Ganse, E.V. Hage, M. Vandenplas, O. Vasankari, T. Vassileva, D. Ventura, M.T. Vera-Munoz, C. Vicheva, D. Vichyanond, P. Vidgren, P. Viegi, G. Vogelmeier, C. Hertzen, L.V. Vontetsianos, T. Vourdas, D. Wagenmann, M. Walker, S. Wallace, D. Wang, D.Y. Waserman, S. Wickman, M. Williams, S. Williams, D. Wilson, N. Woo, K. Wright, J. Wroczynski, P. Xepapadaki, P. Yakovliev, P. Yamaguchi, M. Yan, K. Yap, Y.Y. Yawn, B. Yiallouros, P. Yorgancioglu, A. Yoshihara, S. Young, I. Yusuf, O.B. Zaidi, A. Zaitoun, F. Zar, H. Zernotti, M. Zhang, L. Zhong, N. Zidarn, M. Zuberbier, T.

Abstract

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error in the affiliation list. The affiliation of author G. Walter Canonica should have been split up into two affiliations: • Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy – Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS, Rozzano (MI), Italy • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy The corrected affiliation list is reflected in this Correction. © 2020, The Author(s).

Published
2020

21. Santi, demoni e Orixás

Author

Barba, S. B.

Subjects
Religioni afro-americane, Meticciato, Antropologia, Religioni afro-americane, Meticciato, Antropologia
Published
2020

25. Correction to: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? (Clinical and Translational Allergy, (2020), 10, 1, (16), 10.1186/s13601-020-00323-0)

Author

Bousquet, J., Anto, J. M., Iaccarino, G., Czarlewski, W., Haahtela, T., Anto, A., Akdis, C. A., Blain, H., Canonica, G. W., Cardona, V., Cruz, A. A., Illario, M., Ivancevich, J. C., Jutel, M., Klimek, L., Kuna, P., Laune, D., Larenas-linnemann, D., Mullol, J., Papadopoulos, N. G., Pfaar, O., Samolinski, B., Valiulis, A., Yorgancioglu, A., Zuberbier, T., Latiff, A. H. A., Abdullah, B., Aberer, W., Abusada, N., Adcock, I., Afani, A., Agache, I., Aggelidis, X., Agustin, J., Akdis, C., Akdis, M., Al-Ahmad, M., Bassam, A. A. -Z., Aldrey-Palacios, O., Cuesta, E. A., Alzaabi, A., Amad, S., Ambrocio, G., Annesi-Maesano, I., Ansotegui, I., Anto, J., Arshad, H., Artesani, M. C., Asayag, E., Avolio, F., Azhari, K., Baiardini, I., Bajrovic, N., Bakakos, P., Mongono, S. B., Balotro-Torres, C., Barba, S., Barbara, C., Barbosa, E., Barreto, B., Bartra, J., Bateman, E. D., Battur, L., Bedbrook, A., Barajas, M. B., Beghe, B., Bel, E., Kheder, A. B., Benson, M., Berghea, C., Bergmann, K. -C., Bernstein, D., Bewick, M., Bialek, S., Bialoszewski, A., Bieber, T., Billo, N., Bilo, M. B., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Bjermer, L., Marciniak, M. B., Bond, C., Boner, A., Bonini, M., Bonini, S., Bosnic-Anticevich, S., Bosse, I., Botskariova, S., Bouchard, J., Boulet, L. -P., Bourret, R., Bousquet, P., Braido, F., Briggs, A., Brightling, C., Brozek, J., Buhl, R., Bumbacea, R., Cabanas, M. T. B., Bush, A., Busse, W. W., Buters, J., Caballero-Fonseca, F., Calderon, M. A., Calvo, M., Camargos, P., Camuzat, T., Cano, A., Capriles-Hulett, A., Caraballo, L., Carlsen, K. -H., Caro, J., Carr, W., Carreon-Asun-cion, F., Carriazo, A. M., Casale, T., Castor, M. A., Castro, E., Cecchi, L., Sarabia, A. C., Chandrasekharan, R., Chang, Y. -S., Chato-Andeza, V., Chatzi, L., Chatzidaki, C., Chavannes, N. H., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chivato, T., Chkhartishvili, E., Christoff, G., Chrystyn, H., Chu, D. K., Chua, A., Chuchalin, A., Chung, K. F., Ciceran, A., Cingi, C., Ciprandi, G., Cirule, I., Coelho, A. C., Constantinidis, J., Sousa, J. C., Costa, E., Costa, D., Dominguez, M. C. C., Coste, A., Cox, L., Cullen, J., Custovic, A., Cvetkovski, B., D'Amato, G., Silva, J. D., Dahl, R., Dahlen, S. -E., Daniilidis, V., Nahhas, L. D., Darsow, U., Blay, F., Guia, E. D., Santos, C., Keenoy, E. D. M., Vries, G. D., Deleanu, D., Demoly, P., Denburg, J., Devillier, P., Didier, A., Dimou, M., Dinh-Xuan, A. T., Djukanovic, R., Dokic, D., Silva, M. G. D., Douagui, H., Douladiris, N., Doulaptsi, M., Dray, G., Dubakiene, R., Durham, S., Dykewicz, M., Ebo, D., Edelbaher, N., Eklund, P., El-Gamal, Y., El-Sayed, Z. A., El-Sayed, S. S., El-Seify, M., Emuzyte, R., Enecilla, L., Espinoza, H., Farrell, J., Fernandez, L., Wagner, A. F., Fiocchi, A., Fokkens, W. J., Fontaine, J. -F., Forastiere, F., Fuentes, J. M., Gaerlan-resureccion, E., Gaga, M., Romero, J. L. G., Gamkrelidze, A., Garcia, A., Cobas, C. Y. G., Gayraud, J., Gemicioglu, B., Genova, S., Gereda, J., Wijk, R. G., Gomez, M., Diaz, S. G., Gotua, M., Grigoreas, C., Grisle, I., Guidacci, M., Guldemond, N., Gutter, Z., Guzman, A., Halloum, R., Hamelmann, E., Hammadi, S., Harvey, R., Heinrich, J., Hejjaoui, A., Hellquist-Dahl, B., Velazquez, L. H., Hew, M., Hossny, E., Howarth, P., Hrubisko, M., Villalobos, Y. R. H., Humbert, M., Hyland, M., Ibrahim, M., Ilyina, N., Irani, C., Ispayeva, Z., Jares, E., Jarvis, D., Jassem, E., Jenko, K., Uscanga, R. D. J., Johnston, S., Joos, G., Jost, M., Julge, K., Jung, K. -S., Just, J., Kaidashev, I., Kalayci, O., Kalyoncu, F., Kapsali, J., Kardas, P., Karjalainen, J., Kasala, C. A., Katotomichelakis, M., Kazi, B., Keil, T., Keith, P., Khaitov, M., Khaltaev, N., Kim, Y. -Y., Kleine-Tebbe, J., Koffi N'Goran, B., Kompoti, E., Kopac, P., Koppelman, G., Jeverica, A. K., Kosnik, M., Kostov, K. V., Kowalski, M. L., Kralimarkova, T., Vrscaj, K. K., Kraxner, H., Kreft, S., Kritikos, V., Kudlay, D., Kull, I., Kupczyk, M., Kvedariene, V., Kyriakakou, M., Lalek, N., Lane, S., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Latiff, A., Lau, S., Lavrut, J., Le, L., Lessa, M., Levin, M., Li, J., Lieberman, P., Liotta, G., Lipworth, B., Liu, X., Lobo, R., Lodrup Carlsen, K. C., Lombardi, C., Louis, R., Loukidis, S., Lourenco, O., Luna Pech, J. A., Madjar, B., Magnan, A., Mahboub, B., Mair, A., Mais, Y., van der Zee, A. -H. M., Makela, M., Makris, M., Malling, H. -J., Mandajieva, M., Manning, P., Manousakis, M., Maragoudakis, P., Marshall, G., Martins, P., Masjedi, M. R., Maspero, J. F., Campos, J. J. M., Maurer, M., Mavale-Manuel, S., Meco, C., Melen, E., Melo-Gomes, E., Meltzer, E. O., Menditto, E., Menzies-Gow, A., Merk, H., Michel, J. -P., Miculinic, N., Midao, L., Mihaltan, F., Mikael, K., Mikos, N., Milenkovic, B., Mitsias, D., Moalla, B., Moda, G., Martinez, M. D. M., Mohammad, Y., Moin, M., Molimard, M., Momas, I., Monaco, A., Montefort, S., Mora, D., Morais-Almeida, M., Mosges, R., Mostafa, B. E., Munter, L., Muraro, A., Murray, R., Mustakov, T., Naclerio, R., Nadif, R., Nakonechna, A., Namazova-Baranova, L., Navarro-Locsin, G., Neffen, H., Nekam, K., Neou, A., Nicod, L., Niederberger-Leppin, V., Niedoszytko, M., Nieto, A., Novellino, E., Nunes, E., Nyembue, D., O'Hehir, R., Odjakova, C., Ohta, K., Okamoto, Y., Okubo, K., Oliver, B., Onorato, G. L., Orru, M. P., Ouedraogo, S., Ouoba, K., Paggiaro, P. L., Pagkalos, A., Palaniappan, S. P., Pali-Scholl, I., Palkonen, S., Palmer, S., Bunu, C. P., Panzner, P., Papanikolaou, V., Papi, A., Paralchev, B., Paraskevopoulos, G., Park, H. S., Passalacqua, G., Patella, V., Pavord, I., Pawankar, R., Pedersen, S., Peleve, S., Pereira, A., Perez, T., Pham-Thi, N., Pigearias, B., Pin, I., Piskou, K., Pitsios, C., Pitsios, K., Plavec, D., Poethig, D., Pohl, W., Susic, A. P., Popov, T. A., Portejoie, F., Potter, P., Poulsen, L., Prados-Torres, A., Prarros, F., Price, D., Prokopakis, E., Puy, R., Rabe, K., Raciborski, F., Ramos, J., Recto, M. T., Reda, S. M., Regateiro, F., Reider, N., Reitsma, S., Repka-Ramirez, S., Rimmer, J., Yeverino, D. R., Rizzo, J. A., Robalo-Cordeiro, C., Roberts, G., Roche, N., Gonzalez, M. R., Zagal, E. R., Rolland, C., Roller-Wirns-berger, R., Rodriguez, M. R., Romano, A., Rombaux, P., Romualdez, J., Rosado-Pinto, J., Rosario, N., Rosenwasser, L., Rottem, M., Rouadi, P., Rovina, N., Sinur, I. R., Ruiz, M., Segura, L. T. R., Ryan, D., Sagara, H., Sakai, D., Sakurai, D., Saleh, W., Salimaki, J., Salina, H., Samitas, K. -N., Coronel, M. G. S., Sanchez-Borges, M., Sanchez-Lopez, J., Sarafoleanu, C., Serpa, F. S., Sastre-Dominguez, J., Scadding, G., Scheire, S., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., Schuhl, J. F., Schunemann, H., Schvalbova, M., Scichilone, N., Sepulveda, C., Serrano, E., Sheikh, A., Shields, M., Shishkov, V., Siafakas, N., Simeonov, A., Simons, E. F., Sisul, J. C., Sitkauskiene, B., Skrindo, I., Soklic, T., Sole, D., Sooronbaev, T., Soto-Martinez, M., Sova, M., Spertini, F., Spranger, O., Stamataki, S., Stefanaki, L., Stellato, C., Stelmach, R., Sterk, P., Strandberg, T., Stute, P., Subramaniam, A., Ulrik, C. S., Sutherland, M., Sylvestre, S., Syrigou, A., Barata, L. T., Takovska, N., Tan, R., Tan, F., Tan, V., Tang, I. P., Taniguchi, M., Tannert, L., Tattersall, J., Teixeira, M. D. C., Thijs, C., Thomas, M., To, T., Todo-Bom, A. M., Togias, A., Tomazic, P. -V., Toppila-Salmi, S., Toskala, E., Triggiani, M., Triller, N., Triller, K., Tsiligianni, I., Ulmeanu, R., Urbancic, J., Pereira, M. U., Vachova, M., Valdes, F., Valenta, R., Rostan, M. V., Valero, A., Vallianatou, M., Valovirta, E., Eerd, M. V., Ganse, E. V., Hage, M., Vandenplas, O., Vasankari, T., Vassileva, D., Ventura, M. T., Vera-Munoz, C., Vicheva, D., Vichyanond, P., Vidgren, P., Viegi, G., Vogelmeier, C., Hertzen, L. V., Vontetsianos, T., Vourdas, D., Wagenmann, M., Walker, S., Wallace, D., Wang, D. Y., Waserman, S., Wickman, M., Williams, S., Williams, D., Wilson, N., Woo, K., Wright, J., Wroczynski, P., Xepapadaki, P., Yakovliev, P., Yamaguchi, M., Yan, K., Yap, Y. Y., Yawn, B., Yiallouros, P., Yoshihara, S., Young, I., Yusuf, O. B., Zaidi, A., Zaitoun, F., Zar, H., Zernotti, M., Zhang, L., Zhong, N., and Zidarn, M.

Published
2020

27. DI METICCI E ALTRI MONDI

Author

Barba, S. B.

Subjects
Meticciato, Letteratura, Antropologia, Letteratura, Meticciato, Cultura brasiliana, Antropologia, Cultura brasiliana
Published
2020

28. Documentation and enhancement of the cultural landscape of South Africa

Author

Ferreyra, C., Limongiello, M., di Filippo, A., Barba, S., Van Schoor, M., Laubscher, J., and Nkambule, E.

Subjects
Cultural Heritage, digital documentation, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, photogrammetry, digital documentation, Cultural Heritage, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, photogrammetry
Published
2020

29. Reverse migration of seismicity on thrusts and normal faults

Author

Carminati, E., Doglioni, C., and Barba, S.

Subjects
Earthquake prediction -- Methods, Earthquakes -- Research, Seismological research, Earth sciences
Abstract

In this work, the control exerted by the stress axes orientation on the evolution of seismic sequences developing in compressive and extensional regimes is analysed. According to the Anderson fault theory, the vertical stress is the minimum principal stress in compressional tectonic regimes, whereas it is the maximum principal stress in extensional regimes. Using Mohr diagrams and discussing the present knowledge about the distribution of vertical and horizontal stress with depth we show that, in absence of localised fluid overpressure, such changes imply that thrust and normal faults become more unstable at shallower and greater depths, respectively. These opposite mechanical behaviours predict, in a rather isotropic body, easier rupture at shallower level in compressional regimes later propagating downward. On the contrary, a first deep rupture propagating upward is expected in extensional regimes. This is consistent with observations from major earthquakes from different areas in the world. We show that the exceptions to downward migration along thrusts occur along steeply inclined faults and probably imply localised supra-hydrostatic fluid pressures. Moreover, we show that the inversion of the meaning of the lithostatic load has consequences also for the role of topography. High topography, increasing the vertical load, should inhibit earthquake development in compressional environments and should favour it in extensional settings. Although several factors, such as geodynamic processes, local tectonic features and rock rheology, are likely to control earthquake locations, stress distribution and tectonic regime, these model predictions are consistent with seismicity distribution in Italy, central Andes and Himalaya. In these areas, large to medium compressional earthquakes occur at the low elevation borders of compressional mountain belts, whereas large extensional earthquakes occur in correspondence to maximum elevations. Keywords: Seismicity migration; Thrusts; Normal faults; Aftershocks; Earthquakes; Crustal stress

Published
2004

36. Essential Medicines at the National Level: The Global Asthma Network's Essential Asthma Medicines Survey 2014

Author

Bissell, K, Ellwood, P, Ellwood, E, Chiang, C-Y, Marks, GB, El Sony, A, Asher, I, Billo, N, Perrin, C, Billo, NE, Garcia-Marcos, L, Mallol, J, Pearce, N, Strachan, D, Priftanji, A, Boukari, R, Taright, S, Gomez, M, Baghdasaryan, A, Burgess, S, Mattes, J, Tai, A, Riedler, J, Shpakou, A, Weyler, J, Lawin, H, de Abruzzese, AJ, Domuz, S, Brandao, HV, Camargos, PAM, Fischer, GB, Menezes, AM, Porto Neto, AC, Rosario, N, Sole, D, Mustakov, TB, Birba, E, Ngahane, MBH, Tse, SM, Standring, P, Aguirre, V, Calvo Gil, MA, Chen, Y-Z, Kan, X, Garcia, E, Niederbacher, J, Obel, KB, Soto-Quiros, ME, Banac, S, Yiallouros, P, Lochte, L, Barba, S, Bustos, C, El Falaki, M, Figueroa Colorado, M, Weihe, P, Lal, VA, Makela, M, Annesi-Maesano, I, Raherison, C, Gotua, M, von Mutius, E, Addo-Yobo, EO, Akpinar-Elci, M, Lai, CKW, Novak, Z, Kabra, SK, Ilangho, RP, Pherwani, AV, Sharma, SK, Sukumaran, TU, Dalimunthe, W, Karimi, M, Masjedi, M-R, Manning, P, Shohat, T, Forastiere, F, La Grutta, S, Petronio, MG, Piffer, S, Kahwa, E, Odajima, H, Abu-Ekteish, F, Amukoye, EI, Esamai, FO, Hong, S-J, Neziri-Ahmetaj, L, Momen, JA, Akkhavong, K, Svabe, V, Vlaski, E, Mortimer, K, Daud, M, Montefort, S, Del Rio Navarro, BE, Jimenez Gonzalez, CA, Merida-Palacio, JV, Paramo-Arroyo, RF, Munkhbayarlakh, S, Brunekreef, B, Currie, S, Douwes, J, Graham, D, Hancox, R, Moyes, C, Pattemore, P, Vis, K, Cordero, RMZ, Ayuk, A, Falade, AG, Garba, IB, Hammangabdo, A, Onyia, N, Pulu, M, Nystad, W, Al-Rawas, O, Yusuf, MO, Watson, BM, El Sharif, N, Cukier, G, Chiarella, P, Pagcatipunan, R, Breborowicz, A, Lis, G, Morais-Almeida, M, Deleanu, D, Kamaltynova, E, Kondiurina, EG, Esera-Tulifau, L, Al-Ghamdi, Memish, ZA, Nahhas, MA, Yousef, A, Toure, NO, Visnjevac, D, Zivkovic, Z, Deen, GF, Goh, DYT, Masekala, R, Zar, HJ, Carvajal-Uruena, I, Gonzalez Diaz, C, Korta Murua, J, Luna-Paredes, C, Morales-Suarez-Varela, M, Praena-Crespo, M, Kudagammana, ST, Mohammad, Y, Guo, YL, Huang, J-L, Lao-Araya, M, Teeratakulpisarn, J, Vichyanond, P, Anderson, S, Tidjani, O, Iosefa, T, Aho, G, Dookeeram, D, Hamzaoui, A, Yorgancioglu, A, Ituaso-Conway, N, Worodria, W, Fedortsiv, O, Mahboub, B, Mansur, AH, Kumar, H, Valentin-Rostan, M, Harrison, G, Fiocchi, A, Le, LTT, Wa Somwe, S, Manangazira, P, and Grp, GANS

Subjects
sense organs
Abstract

Patients with asthma need uninterrupted supplies of affordable, quality-assured essential medicines. However, access in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. The World Health Organization (WHO) Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Global Action Plan 2013–2020 sets an 80% target for essential NCD medicines’ availability. Poor access is partly due to medicines not being included on the national Essential Medicines Lists (EML) and/or National Reimbursement Lists (NRL) which guide the provision of free/subsidised medicines. We aimed to determine how many countries have essential asthma medicines on their EML and NRL, which essential asthma medicines, and whether surveys might monitor progress. A cross-sectional survey in 2013–2015 of Global Asthma Network principal investigators generated 111/120 (93%) responses—41 high-income countries and territories (HICs); 70 LMICs. Patients in HICs with NRL are best served (91% HICs included ICS (inhaled corticosteroids) and salbutamol). Patients in the 24 (34%) LMICs with no NRL and the 14 (30%) LMICs with an NRL, however no ICS are likely to have very poor access to affordable, quality-assured ICS. Many LMICs do not have essential asthma medicines on their EML or NRL. Technical guidance and advocacy for policy change is required. Improving access to these medicines will improve the health system’s capacity to address NCDs.

Published
2019

37. Are environmental factors for atopic eczema in ISAAC phase three due to reverse causation?

Author

Rutter, Charlotte E., Silverwood, Richard J., Williams, Hywel C., Ellwood, Philippa, Asher, Innes, Garcia-Marcos, Luis, Strachan, David P., Pearce, Neil, Langan, Sinead M., Ait-Khaled, N., Anderson, H. R., Asher, M., I, Beasley, R., Bjorksten, B., Brunekreef, B., Crane, J., Ellwood, P., Flohr, C., Foliaki, S., Forastiere, F., Garcia-Marcos, L., Keil, U., Lai, C. K. W., Mallol, J., Mitchell, E. A., Montefort, S., Odhiambo, J., Pearce, N., Robertson, C. F., Stewart, A. W., Strachan, D., von Mutius, E., Weiland, S. K., Weinmayr, G., Williams, H. C., Wong, G., Clayton, T. O., Ellwood, E., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Gomez, M., Howitt, M. E., Weyler, Joost J., Pinto-Vargas, R., da Cunha, A. J., de Freitas Souza, L., Kuaban, C., Ferguson, A., Rennie, D., Standring, P., Aguilar, P., Amarales, L., Benavides, L. A., Contreras, A., Chen, Y-Z, Kunii, O., Pan, Q. Li, Zhong, N. S., Aristizabal, G., Cepeda, A. M., Ordonez, G. A., Bustos, C., Riikjarv, M-A, Melaku, K., Sa'aga-Banuve, R., Pekkanen, J., Hypolite, I. E., Novak, Z., Zsigmond, G., Awasthi, S., Bhave, S., Hanumante, N. M., Jain, K. C., Joshi, M. K., Khatav, V. A., Mantri, S. N., Pherwani, A., V, Rego, S., Sabir, M., Salvi, S., Setty, G., Sharma, S. K., Singh, V, Sukumaran, T., Babu, P. S. Suresh, Kartasasmita, C. B., Konthen, P., Suprihati, W., Masjedi, M. R., Steriu, A., Koffi, B. N., Odajima, H., al-Momen, J. A., Imanalieva, C., Kudzyte, J., Quah, B. S., Teh, K. H., Baeza-Bacab, M., Barragan-Meijueiro, M., Del-Rio-Navarro, B. E., Garcia-Almaraz, R., Gonzalez-Diaz, S. N., Linares-Zapien, F. J., Merida-Palacio, J., V, Ramirez-Chanona, N., Romero-Tapia, S., Romieu, I, Bouayad, Z., MacKay, R., Moyes, C., Pattemore, P., Onadeko, B. O., Cukier, G., Chiarella, P., Cua-Lim, F., Breborowicz, A., Sole, D., Sears, M., Aguirre, V, Barba, S., Shah, J., Baratawidjaja, K., Nishima, S., de Bruyne, J., Tuuau-Potoi, N., Lai, C. K., Lee, B. W., El Sony, A., Anderson, R., and ISAAC Phase Three Study Grp

Subjects
Human medicine
Abstract

Some previously described environmental associations for atopic eczema may be due to reverse causation. We explored the role of reverse causation by comparing individual-and school-level results for multiple atopic eczema risk factors. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (i.e, ISAAC) Phase Three surveyed children in schools (the sampling unit) regarding atopic eczema symptoms and potential risk factors. We assessed the effect of these risk factors on atopic eczema symptoms using mixed-effect logistic regression models, first with individual-level exposure data and second with school-level exposure prevalence. Overall, 546,348 children from 53 countries were included. At ages 6-7 years, the strongest individual-level associations were with current paracetamol use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37-1.54), which persisted at school-level (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.10-2.21), early-life antibiotics (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.34-1.48), and early-life paracetamol use (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.21-1.36), with the former persisting at the school level, whereas the latter was no longer observed (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.00-1.82 and OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.69-1.28, respectively). At ages 13-14 years, the strongest associations at the individual level were with current paracetamol use (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.51-1.63) and open-fire cooking (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.33-1.62); both were stronger at the school level (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.84-3.59 and OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.52-3.73, respectively). Association with exposure to heavy traffic (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.27-1.36) also persisted at the school level (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.07-1.82). Most individual-and school-level effects were consistent, tending to exclude reverse causation.

Published
2019

39. Are environmental risk factors for current wheeze in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase three due to reverse causation?

Author

Silverwood, Richard J., Rutter, Charlotte E., Mitchell, Edwin A., Asher, M. Innes, Garcia-Marcos, Luis, Strachan, David P., Pearce, Neil, Ait-Khaled, N., Anderson, H. R., Asher, M. I., Beasley, R., Bjorksten, B., Brunekreef, B., Crane, J., Ellwood, P., Flohr, C., Foliaki, S., Forastiere, F., Garcia-Marcos, L., Keil, U., Lai, C. K. W., Mallol, J., Mitchell, E. A., Montefort, S., Odhiambo, J., Pearce, N., Robertson, C. F., Stewart, A. W., Strachan, D., von Mutius, E., Weiland, S. K., Weinmayr, G., Williams, H. C., Wong, G., Clayton, T. O., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Gomez, M., Howitt, M. E., Weyler, Joost J., Pinto-Vargas, R., da Cunha, A. J., de Freitas Souza, L., Kuaban, C., Ferguson, A., Rennie, D., Standring, P., Aguilar, P., Amarales, L., Benavides, L. A., Contreras, A., Chen, Y-Z, Kunii, O., Pan, Li, Zhong, N. S., Aristizabal, G., Cepeda, A. M., Ordonez, G. A., Bustos, C., Riikjarv, M-A, Melaku, K., Sa'aga-Banuve, R., Pekkanen, J., Hypolite, I. E., Novak, Z., Zsigmond, G., Awasthi, S., Bhave, S., Hanumante, N. M., Jain, K. C., Joshi, M. K., Khatav, V. A., Mantri, S. N., Pherwani, A. V., Rego, S., Sabir, M., Salvi, S., Setty, G., Sharma, S. K., Singh, V., Sukumaran, T., Babu, P. S. Suresh, Kartasasmita, C. B., Konthen, P., Suprihati, W., Masjedi, M. R., Steriu, A., Koffi, B. N., Odajima, H., al-Momen, J. A., Imanalieva, C., Kudzyte, J., Quah, B. S., Teh, K. H., Baeza-Bacab, M., Barragan-Meijueiro, M., Del-Rio-Navarro, B. E., Garcia-Almaraz, R., Gonzalez-Diaz, S. N., Linares-Zapien, F. J., Merida-Palacio, J. V., Ramirez-Chanona, N., Romero-Tapia, S., Romieu, I., Bouayad, Z., MacKay, R., Moyes, C., Pattemore, P., Onadeko, B. O., Cukier, G., Chiarella, P., Cua-Lim, F., Breborowicz, A., Lis, G., Camara, R., Chiera, M. L., Lopes dos Santos, J. M., Nunes, C., Pinto, J. Rosado, Vlaski, E., Fuimaono, P., Pisi, V., Goh, D. Y., Zar, H. J., Lee, H. B., Blanco-Quiros, A., Busquets, R. M., Carvajal-Uruena, I., Garcia-Hernandez, G., Gonzalez Diaz, C., Lopez-Silvarrey, A., Morales-Suarez-Varela, M., Perez-Yarza, E. G., Musa, O. A., Al-Rawas, O., Mohammad, S., Mohammad, Y., Tabbah, K., Huang, J. L., Kao, C. C., Trakultivakorn, M., Vichyanond, P., Iosefa, T., Burr, M., Holgado, D., Lapides, M. C., Windom, H. H., Aldrey, O., Sole, D., Sears, M., Aguirre, V., Barba, S., Shah, J., Baratawidjaja, K., Nishima, S., de Bruyne, J., Tuuau-Potoi, N., Lai, C. K., Lee, B. W., El Sony, A., Anderson, R., ISAAC Phase Three Study Grp, ISAAC Int Data Ctr, ISAAC Principal Investigators, and ISAAC Natl Coordinators Not

Subjects
Human medicine
Abstract

Background: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) measured the global prevalence of symptoms of asthma in children. We undertook comprehensive analyses addressing risk factors for asthma symptoms in combination, at both the individual and the school level, to explore the potential role of reverse causation due to selective avoidance or confounding by indication. Objective: To explore the role of reverse causation in risk factors of asthma symptoms. Methods: We compared two sets of multilevel logistic regression analyses, using (a) individual level exposure data and (b) school level average exposure (ie prevalence), in two different age groups. In individual level analyses, reverse causation is a possible concern if individual level exposure statuses were changed as a result of asthma symptoms or diagnosis. School level analyses may suffer from ecologic confounding, but reverse causation is less of a concern because individual changes in exposure status as a result of asthma symptoms would only have a small effect on overall school exposure levels. Results: There were 131 924 children aged 6-7 years (2428 schools, 25 countries) with complete exposure, outcome and confounder data. The strongest associations in individual level analyses (fully adjusted) were for current paracetamol use (odds ratio = 2.06; 95% confidence interval 1.97-2.16), early life antibiotic use (1.65; 1.58-1.73) and open fire cooking (1.44; 1.26-1.65). In school level analyses, these risk factors again showed increased risks. There were 238 586 adolescents aged 13-14 years (2072 schools, 42 countries) with complete exposure, outcome and confounder data. The strongest associations in individual level analyses (fully adjusted) were for current paracetamol use (1.80; 1.75-1.86), cooking on an open fire (1.32; 1.22-1.43) and maternal tobacco use (1.23; 1.18-1.27). In school level analyses, these risk factors again showed increased risks. Conclusions & clinical relevance: These analyses strengthen the potentially causal interpretation of previously reported individual level findings, by providing evidence against reverse causation.

Published
2019

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