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Anticipatory wheat breeding for pathogen resistance is key to preventing economically significant crop losses caused by diseases. Recently, the harmfulness of a dangerous wheat disease, stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, was increased in the main grain-producing regions of the Russian Federation. At the same time, importation of the Ug99 race (TTKSK) is still a possibility. In this regard, the transfer of effective resistance genes from related species to the bread wheat breeding material followed by the chromosomal localization of the introgressions and a marker analysis to identify known resistance genes is of great importance. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of ten spring bread wheat introgressive lines of the Federal Center of Agricultural Research of the South-East Region (L657, L664, L758, L935, L960, L968, L971, L995/1, L997 and L1110) was carried out. These lines were obtained with the participation of Triticum dicoccum, T. timopheevii, T. kiharae, Aegilops speltoides, Agropyron elongatum and Secale cereale. In this study, the lines were evaluated for resistance to the Ug99 race (TTKSK) in the Njoro, Kenya. Evaluation of introgression lines in the field for resistance to the Ug99 race (TTKSK) showed that four lines were immune, two were resistant, three were moderately resistant, and one had an intermediate type of response to infection. By cytogenetic analysis of these lines using fluorescent (FISH) and genomic (GISH) in situ hybridization, introgressions from Ae. speltoides (line L664), T. timopheevii (lines L758, L971, L995/1, L997 and L1110), Thinopyrum ponticum = Ag. elongatum (2n = 70) (L664, L758, L960, L971, L997 and L1110), as well as introgressions from T. dicoccum (L657 and L664), T. kiharae (L960) and S. cereale (L935 and L968) were detected. Molecular markers recommended for marker-oriented breeding were used to identify known resistance genes (Sr2, Sr25, Sr32, Sr1A.1R, Sr36, Sr38, Sr39 and Sr47). The Sr36 and Sr25 genes were observed in lines L997 and L1110, while line L664 had the Sr39+Sr47+Sr25 gene combination. In lines L935 and L968 with 3R(3D) substitution from S. cereale, gene resistance was presumably identified as SrSatu. Thus, highly resistant to both local populations of P. graminis and the Ug99 race, bread wheat lines are promising donors for the production of new varieties resistant to stem rust., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © AUTHORS.)

Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. attracts the attention of bread wheat breeders with its high immunity to the leaf rust pathogen. However, introgressions from this species in Triticum aestivum L. are little used in practical breeding. In the presented study, the agronomic value of T. aestivum/T. timopheevii line L624 was studied in comparison with the parent cultivars Saratovskaya 68, Dobrynya and the standard cultivar Favorit during 2017-2022. Introgressions from T. timopheevii in L624 were detected by the FISH method with probes pSc119.2, pAs1 and Spelt1, as well as microsatellite markers Xgwm312, Xgpw4480 and Xksum73. Translocations of 2AS.2AL-2AtL and on 2DL were detected as well. Line L624 is highly resistant to Puccinia triticina both under the background of natural epiphytotics and under laboratory conditions. PCR analysis with the DNA marker of the LrTt1 gene (Xgwm312) revealed that it is not identical to the Lr gene(s) in L624. According to a five-year study, the grain yield of L624 was, on average, higher than that of Favorit and Dobrynya, but lower than that of Saratovskaya 68. Line L624 had a lower weight of 1000 grains than the recipients, and was at the same level with the standard cultivar Favorit. Introgressions from T. timopheevii in L624 increased the grain protein content by comparison with Saratovskaya 68 and Favorit, but it was at the same level as in Dobrynya. As for parameters of flour and bread, L624 was not inferior to the recipient cultivars, but by volume and porosity of bread, it surpassed Saratovskaya 68. Moreover, L624 surpassed Favorit by the elasticity of the dough, the ratio of the elasticity of the dough to the extensibility and the strength of the flour. Thus, the results obtained suggest that introgressions in chromosomes 2A and 2D in L624 do not impair baking properties., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © AUTHORS.)

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici , which used to be a harmful disease of winter wheat in the southern part of Russia, has been largely affecting the yield of spring bread wheat in the territories of the temperate climate zone since 2009. In total, 222 P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates were obtained from samples of susceptible cultivars of spring bread wheat in Central and Volga regions and Omsk and Novosibirsk provinces in 2019. Genotyping of the isolates was carried out at 16 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Number of alleles, proportion of heterozygotes, and deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were determined at each SSR locus. Based on genetic variability of SSR genotypes, it was shown that the P. graminis f. sp. tritici population is subdivided into two large clusters in the territory of the Russian temperate climate zone: the "European" population (the Central region) and the "Asian" one (the Volga region and two main wheat provinces of Western Siberia). Both of the P. graminis f. sp. tritici populations are characterized by a mixed mode of reproduction (sexual and clonal) but different sources of inoculum seem to shape a genotype structure within them. A group of P. graminis f. sp. tritici genotypes with high variability, the inbreeding coefficient closed to zero, and low observed heterozygosity was revealed among samples from Omsk. Moreover, two singular SSR genotypes identified among the Asian samples of P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates should attract special attention in the monitoring of stem rust in order to disclose unexpected rapid changes of the pathogen in the corresponding regions and to prevent disease outbreak.

Two forms of the pathogenic fungus Pyrenophora teres, P. teres f. teres (a net form) and P. teres f. maculata (a spot form), cause different disease signs, net or spot blotch, on barley leaves. The net form of P. teres is widespread wherever barley is cultivated, while the spot form was first identified in Krasnodar krai of Russia in 2011 and Brest oblast of Belarus in 2016. The two forms of the pathogen easily mate each other in laboratory conditions, but their hybrids either do not form or are difficult to detect in nature. The question as to whether hybrids between the net and spot forms are produced and maintained in natural populations is pressing and bears applied significance because different genes determine resistance to the different P. teres forms in barley. Hybrid forms may be virulent to resistance donors used in breeding. The objective of this work was to search Russian and Belarussian natural populations for hybrids between P. teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata with the use of new form-specific markers, Ptt and Ptm. The study included 138 single-conidium isolates from four P. teres f. maculatа and four P. teres f. teres populations. The isolates were collected from commercial barley plantations of Leningrad oblast, Krasnodar krai (Russia), and Brest oblast (Belarus) from 2013 to 2016. A genotyping with 10 form-specific markers was performed in all isolates. Several isolates were found to combine markers of both of the P. teres forms and were conventionally identified as hybrids between the forms. Hypotheses were advanced to explain the occurrence of hybrids in natural populations. The most plausible hypothesis suggests that sexual or somatic hybridization between the two forms coexisting in barley plantations accounts for the origin of the P. teres isolates that combine markers specific to P. teres f. teres and markers specific to P. teres f. maculata in their genomes. It is also possible that a third, possibly ancestral, intermediate form was preserved during divergence in the species P. teres., (© 2022. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.)

The Sr22, Sr35, and Sr25 genes attract the attention of bread wheat breeders with their effectiveness against Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race Ug99 and its biotypes. The effectiveness and impact of Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25 gene combinations on agronomic traits have not yet been studied. In the present article, these traits were studied using the spring bread wheat lines L503/W3534//L503, L503/Sr35//L503/3/L503 carrying the Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25 genes during 2016-2020. These lines were assessed for resistance to P. graminis f. sp. tritici under natural epiphytotics and to the Saratov, Lysogorsk and Omsk populations of the pathogen and to the PgtZ1 (TKSTF) and PgtF18.6 fungus isolates in laboratory conditions (TKSTF + Sr33). The presence of the studied Sr-genes was conf irmed by using molecular markers. Prebreeding studies were conducted during 2018-2020 vegetation periods. Under the natural epiphytotics of the pathogen and in the laboratory conditions, the Sr22+Sr25 combination was highly effective, while Sr35+Sr25 was ineffective. For grain yield, the lines with the Sr22+Sr25 and Sr35+Sr25 genes were superior to the recipient cultivar L503 in one year (Sr22+Sr25 in 2019; Sr35+Sr25 in 2018), with a decrease in 2020, but in general there were no differences. For the period 2018-2020, both combinations showed a decrease in 1000 grains weight and an increase in the germination-earing period. The line with Sr22+Sr25 genes showed insignif icant effects on gluten and dough tenacity, but the ratio of dough tenacity to extensibility was higher, and f lour strength, porosity and bread volume were lower; in the line with Sr35+Sr25 genes, the gluten content was lower, but the strength, tenacity of the dough and the ratio of dough tenacity to extensibility were higher, f lour strength and the porosity of the bread were at the recipient level, but the volume of bread was lower., (Copyright © AUTHORS.)

Tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler, in recent years, occupies an increasingly large area on the territory of Russia. Due to the wide distribution and economic significance of this disease, the search for resistant plants to the pathogen is relevant. This paper presents the results of a field assessment for 2017-2019 of 34 regionally distributed winter wheat varieties of Russian selection for resistance to P. tritici-repentis in the North Caucasus region of Russia. Field resistance - the development of the disease up to 30% against the background of artificial infection for three years was shown by 20.5% of the studied varieties. Wheat varieties were assessed for resistance to isolates of tan spot identified as races 1, 3, and 4 in the greenhouse at the seedling stage. The number of resistant accessions for each race was different and ranged from 12 to 20. The 12 varieties showed resistance to race 1, 14 varieties to race 3, 20 varieties to race 4. This research showed that the resistance to tan spot of studied varieties was race-specific. A functional allele of the susceptibility gene Tsn1 to P. tritici-repentis isolates, producing the toxin Ptr ToxA, was diagnosed by PCR method. Of the analyzed 34 varieties, 13 had a dominant allele of the Tsn1 (Tsn1 + ), and 21 had a recessive allele in the tsn1tsn1 homozygous state. All Tsn1 + varieties, and most varieties with recessive alleles tsn1tsn1 , were susceptible to tan spot in the field. Varieties Dolya, Gurt, Lebed and Sila, which showed field resistance, had the tsn1tsn1 genotype. The expected reaction of varieties with different allelic composition of the Tsn1 gene to inoculation with the isolate of race 1, according to the generally accepted model of "gene-to-gene" interaction, did not coincide with that observed in reality, which confirms the results obtained by other authors. Research results demonstrate the effect of weather conditions on the susceptibility of wheat varieties to tan spot. In years with higher humidity and higher average air temperatures, the susceptibility response to the disease was observed in more varieties than in drier years. The studies show that the main part (79.5%) of winter wheat varieties of Russian selection widely zoned in the North Caucasus region of Russia are susceptible to P. tritici-repentis . Varieties that have been resistant to the pathogen in the adult phase in the field for three years and to the pathogen races in which the recessive allele of the tsn1 gene has been identified may be of interest as sources of resistance for developing new disease-resistant varieties., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 The Author(s).)

Objective: Evaluation of the effect of local therapy with Kapsikam on the dynamics of clinical symptoms and indices of the disability scale, as well as on reducing the doses of systemic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used in patients with acute back pain (LOCUS study)., Materials and Methods: An observational study included 120 patients with nonspecific pain in the lower back and a verified diagnosis of Lumbodynia M54.5; «Lumbodynia with sciatica» M54.4, of which 78 received in addition to the basic treatment with systemic NSAIDs topical drug Kapsikam and 42 - only basic treatment., Results and conclusion. The addition of Kapsikam ointment to systemic NSAIDs accelerated the onset of the analgesic effect, which made it possible to discontinue NSAIDs in 50% of patients after 5 days of use. Local therapy was accompanied by easily tolerated adverse events that did not affect the use of the drug. 97.4% of patients used the study drug as prescribed until the end of the study.

Objective: To study oxidative stress in young patients with focal symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy and after the new-onset epileptic seizures., Material and Methods: Patients, aged from 19 to 44 years, were distributed into three groups, 30 patients in each: patients after a few (first) epileptic seizures, patients in the clinical remission that has lasted at least one year, and patients with treatment-resistant epileptic seizures. The control group included 20 healthy people. Parameters of the pro-oxidant status (TBA-reactive products) and the antioxidant defense (total superoxide-scavenging activity, catalase, total antioxidant activity, and reduced thiols (SH groups)) were measured in the blood plasma., Results: No significant differences in the concentrations of TBA-reactive products were identified in patients with epilepsy compared with healthy controls while concentrations of reduced SH groups, total superoxide-scavenging activity, catalase activity and the total antioxidant activity were significantly decreased in patients. In addition, some of the parameters displayed significant differences between different groups of patients., Conclusion: In patients with epilepsy, the changes in the free-radical processes are seen already after the first seizures and persist in the treatment-resistant epilepsy and in clinical remission. Since the parameters of the activity of the antioxidant defense are significantly different in different groups of patients, one can assume that different elements of the oxidative stress are present after the first epileptic seizures and in different courses of the disease.

We describe the dynamics of lipoic acid (LA) alone, incorporated in liposomes and as a part of nanoemulsions. Mass spectrometry shows that LA in water forms aggregates of two or three molecules in the form of a negatively charged ion and a neutral molecule. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-based nanoforms of LA as liposomes and nanoemulsions with a particle size equal to 145 nm are characterized by a high degree of incorporation of LA into the nanoparticles and long-term stability during storage at room temperature. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) gives the polydispersity index of the nanoforms (> 0.3), characterizing the homogeneity of the obtained nanodispersions. We found that such emulsions can significantly (5 ×) increase the concentration of LA in the aqueous phase (5-7 mg/mL) when compared with an aqueous solution of LA (1 mg/mL) and by 40% when compared with PC liposomes (4 mg/mL). Moreover, the inclusion of LA in liposomes and nanoemulsions from PC did not change the neutral ζ-potential characteristic of PC nanoforms. CryoTEM established that the structural organization of the liposomes practically did not differ from nanoemulsions and both nanoforms contained both multilayer and single-layer vesicles. When studying the release kinetics of LA from phosphatidylcholine nanoforms, we found that at 22 h, 45-55% of LA was released from nanoparticles, but that at the initial stage of the process LA was slowly released from the nanoemulsions and rapidly from the liposomes. Conductance measurements indicate that LA delivered in all the three forms increase membrane permeability, though this result is most marked with the LA in PC liposomes.

Aim: To assess the changes in the composition of plasma phospholipids in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease treated with neuroprotectors 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate (neurox) and citicoline (neipilept), the natural metabolites involved in biochemical processes in the body, and their composition., Material and Methods: The study included 40 patients, 18 men and 22 women, aged from 54 to 72 years, with chronic cerebrovascular disease at the decompensation stage complicated with the hypertensive crisis and/or arrhythmia., Results and Conclusion: During extraction of phospholipids from blood cells, a significant decrease in the amount of total lipids was found to the end of treatment of patients who received neurox or neipilept or their combination. The study of quantitative composition of phospholipids showed no significant changes in patients treated with neurox, while the use of citicoline or combination of citicoline with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate resulted in the increase of their total mass. There were no significant changes in the qualitative composition of phospholipid classes in blood plasma in patients treated with neurox. In patients treated with neipilept or with the combination of citicoline with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate, plasma phosphatidylcholine was significantly increased. No significant changes in the content of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin were observed.

Aim: To study an effect of cortexin on neurological symptoms and oxidative stress as part of the ischemic cascade in chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI), I-II stages., Material and Methods: The multicenter randomized controlled study included 189 patients with CCI, 42 (22.2%) men and 147 (77.8%) women, mean age 64.3±0.5 years. Patients were randomized into three groups. Group 1 received intramuscular injection of 20 mg of cortexin, group 2 received 10 mg of cortexin; group 3 received basic treatment only. The duration of treatment was 10 days, the treatment course was repeated after 6 months. The patients were examined at baseline and during treatment (in total 5 times). Along with clinical and neurological examinations, some scales and tests ('Fedin Outpatient scale of chronic brain ischemia', MFI-20, Spiegel sleep scale, the Zung self-rating depression scale, Spielberger's inventory, the clock-drawing test, the 5-word test) were used. The severity of oxidation stress was assessed by the content of reduced SH-groups and total superoxide dismutase activity., Results and Conclusion: A dose-dependent effect of cortexin on the severity of neurological disorders, asthenia, sleep disturbance was shown. Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects were insignificant and were determined after repeated courses of the drug. The laboratory data confirmed the antioxidant effect regardless of the dose of cortexin. The safety and good tolerability of the drug were shown.

Developing brain ischemia due to cerebral vascularization leads to disruption of brain metabolism. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to irreversible brain damage and plays an important role in the development of some types of dementia. Early use of antioxidants such as ethyl ether apovincamine acid (vinpocetine) and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate in the treatment of this pathology is seen as a real pathogenetically based method of correction of cerebral metabolism with cerebral vascular disorders, demonstrating the increase in cerebral blood flow and also neuroprotective effects. Clinical studies and studies on biological models show that the main mechanisms of action of vinpocetine and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate, although have a similar focus, but implementing neuroprotective and nootropic effects via various links in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage.

The population genetic structure of plant pathogenic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was examined using microsatellite (SSR) markers. According to the geographical origin of the pathogen populations, they were designated as North Caucasian (S, 33 isolates), northwest (Nw, 39), and Omsk (Om, 43). The populations were analyzed at the nine most polymorphic SSR loci, at which 75 alleles were identified. To characterize the genetic variation within and between populations, the AMOVA algorithm as implemented in the Arlequin v. 3.5 software program was used. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 12 and their sizes varied within the range from 180 to 400 bp. The mean gene diversity at SSR loci was high for all populations (H = 0.58–0.75). The populations were considerably different in the frequencies of individual alleles of the SSR loci. Most isolates in the populations were represented by unique haplotypes. The within-population variation of the isolates at molecular markers was 86.4%; among the populations, 13.6%. Substantial interpopulation differences were found between the Om and S (F st = 0.16) and between the Om and Nw (F st = 0.20) populations, whereas between the S and Nw populations, these differences were small (F st = 0.05). Thus, it was demonstrated that the population of P. tritici-repentis from Omsk oblast had the independent status of the geographical population; northwest and North Caucasian populations differed in the allelic diversity of SSR loci, and despite the low F st value (0.05), they also belonged to independent geographical populations.

Optimal conditions for obtaining phosphatidylholine (PC) liposomes with lipoic acid (LA) are chosen that lead to the formation of nanoparticles with a size of 175¸284 nm with efficiency (extent) of inclusion of LA in liposomes equal 85% and characterized by a slow release of substance from the nanoparticles. The effect of "empty" liposomes and liposomal form of LA on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA) is established. It is found that liposomes with LА inhibit platelet aggregation, caused by AА, to 80%. In addition, it is shown that "empty" liposomes slightly (to 30%) suppress platelet aggregation, caused by AА. The amount of TBA-sensitive products in samples of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) incubated with liposomal LA is determined. It is shown that LA in the composition of liposomes retains its antioxidant properties, and the amount of products of lipid peroxidation in platelet-rich plasma decreases in a dose-dependent manner when arachidonic acid is used as an inductor of platelet aggregation. It is assumed that the antiplatelet action of the liposomal form of LА is induced by inhibition of the initiation of lipid peroxidation products caused by exogenous inducer AА. It is supposed that, after additional research, the liposomal form of LA can be considered as a new drug in complex treatment of cerebral ischemia.

Aim: To study the antioxidant status of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) during the individual treatment with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate (neurox) and in the combination with citicoline (neipilept)., Material and Methods: A study included 40 patients, 18 men and 22 women, aged from 54 to 72 years, with CCI, stage 2, at the decompensation stage complicated with the hypertensive crisis and/or arrhythmia., Results and Conclusion: A significant increase in the serum superoxide dismutase activity after the complex therapy with neurox and neipilept was demonstrated compared to patients treated with neurox. A study of reduced sulfur-hydroxy groups in patients treated with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate and patients treated with the combination of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate and citicoline, revealed a significant increase in the number of reduced SH- groups after the treatment with neurox compared to the combined use of neurox and neipilept.

Objective: To study the prevalence of vertigo and treatment schemes in outpatient clinics., Material and Methods: Six hundred and six physicians of different specialties from 59 regions of the Russian Federation participated in the program, 6065 patients with vertigo were enrolled. The program included the first screening visit and 2 visits after 30 and 60 days. Patients received cavinton forte in dose 10 mg 3 times a day. Assessment of complaints and analysis of the changes in physiological parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate) were performed., Results and Conclusion: A significant decrease of complains was noted in most cases. The treatment resulted in a significant (p<0,05) reduction of complaints on non-systemic and systemic vertigo, headache, buzzing in the ears, gait disturbance, asthenia, anxiety. The cardiological safety and absence of side-effects have been demonstrated. Cavinton forte cab be recommended for treatment of vertigo and gait instability.

Activation of neutrophils in the presence of gold nanoparticles is accompanied by the formation of free radical peroxidation products recording the flash of chemiluminescence. The basis for the activation mechanism has its origins most likely in the influence of the gold particles on the surface membrane potential of neutrophils. Investigation of changes in the fluorescence intensity of the negatively charged ANS probe on the surface of model membranes by adding different concentrations of gold nanoparticles indicates the change in the membrane surface charge density that can cause cell activation.

Authors studied 360 patients with different stages of chronic cerebral ischemia (CBI), including 180 patients followed-up for 12 months after the first examination, who were stratified into two groups with regard to disease course - favorable (stable) and unfavorable (progressive or with acute episodes of cerebral blood circulation disturbance). Oxidative stress markers were evaluated by the level of lipid- (malonic dialdehyde) and protein - (carbon products of protein oxidation, the level of plasma SH-groups, the accumulation of the products of deep oxidation of proteins) oxidation. Along with indicators of oxidative stress, we evaluated the binding capacity of albumin using fluorescent probe K-35. Initial level of these markers and their concentrations after the copper ion induced oxidation of the plasma were determined. The highest increase in oxidative stress indicators was seen in patients with acute episodes. Authors identified significant differences in these indicators in the groups of patients with different clinical variants of CBI course as well as qualitative and quantitative diagnostic criteria of unfavorable course and risk of stroke. Our findings suggest that the imbalance of oxidative-antioxidative system contributes to the course of CBI. Prediction of unfavorable course of CBI determines the timeliness of adequate treatment.

Data of literature on the role of inflammation factors in the pathogenesis of stroke are presented. The study of myeloperoxidase level in the early acute phase of ischemic stroke and dynamics of this parameter after the antioxidant treatment with the α-lipoic acid preparation berlition was carried out. It has been shown that the activation of systemic inflammation and related oxidative stress recorded in the early acute phase of brain infarction needs pharmacological treatment. Neuroprotective action of α-lipoic acid related to the prevention of damaging effect of free radicals on cell membranes and reduction of oxidative stress intensity is a pathogenetic explanation for using its preparations in ischemic brain lesions. The decrease in plasma myeloperoxidase content after the treatment with berlition may consider as a criterion of its efficacy.

Action of statins is characterized by pronounced variability what is caused by effects of a multitude of factors. Main of these factors appears to be genetic peculiarity of patients. We studied influence of polymorphic marker Trp719Arg of KIF6 gene on lipid and nonlipid effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin. The studied genetic marker is associated with risk of development of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction as well as efficacy of therapy with statins according to data of a number of large multicenter studies. We examined 60 men with ischemic heart disease which had manifested in young age when genetic factors were most expressed and had special significance. Efficacy of 40 mg/day simvastatin did not depend on genotypes of polymorphic marker Trp719Arg of KIF6. Therapy with 10 mg/day atorvastatin was more effective in carriers of polymorphic marker Trp719Arg of KIF6 gene by action on dynamics of changes of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and dispersion of high density lipoprotein response. Increase of atorvastatin dose to 80 mg/day abolished influence of genotypes. Thus for the first time we discovered influence of polymorphic marker Trp719Arg of KIF6 gene on individual response to therapy with 10 mg/day of atorvastatin, while and apoA1, structural protein of high density lipoproteins can be considered as a marker of "fast response".

Unlabelled: Consistent neurohormonal activation of sympatho-adrenal system in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and hyperglycemia contributes to development of oxidative stress--one of the most important pathogenetic mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction., Purpose: To study the impact of nebivolol concerning modification of clinical and hemodynamic indicators and parameters of oxidative stress in patients with CHF and with or without concomitant diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2)., Material: Nebivolol was used in complex therapy of CHF in 82 patients, suffering from NYHA class I - III CHF (EF < 50%) of ischemic genesis with or without comorbid DM2, average age 63.2 +/- 8.2 years., Results: After 8 months of therapy significant improvement of clinical status was observed in both groups, tolerance to physical activity increased (significant reduction of average class of CHF in the group with DM2 from 2.5 +/- 0.58 to 2.125 +/- 0.71, p = 0.001, and in the second group from 2.3 +/- 0.5 to 1.9 +/- 0.4, p = 0.01). We also noted in both groups increase of plasma oxidative resistance (reduction of intensity of fast flash in lipid peroxidation h from 7 to 6 mm, p = 0.016, and from 8 to 6 mm, p = 0.03, respectively) and increase of antioxidant plasma protection (increase of SH-groups from 154.19 to 182.4 mmol/1, p = 0.00035, and from 176 to 205, p = 0.004, respectively)., Conclusion: Nebivolol is a modern neurohormonal modulator, which contributes to reverse evolution of oxidative changes in patients with CHF and hyperglycemia.

Recent studies showed that activation of free oxygen radicals and the resulting stress play a key role in the development of brain vascular lesions related to hypertensive disease and atherosclerosis leading to chronic cerebral ischemia. To recall, activation of oxidative stress precedes chronic cerebral ischemia and stroke. Therefore, detection of stress markers may be a step toward the development of a new method for the identification of groups at high risk of stroke among patients with the unfavourable course of cerebral ischemia. This study was focused on the relationship between lipid and protein peroxidation products and clinical manifestations of the disease.

A role of the free-radical processes and disturbances of oxidative-restorative blood homeostasis and nervous tissue in the pathogenesis of brain ischemic pathology and other diseases are reviewed. Attention is focused on the search for optimal ways of pharmacological correction of oxidative stress in the schemes of complex treatment of chronic blood circulation insufficiency and on the necessity of combined application of several antioxidants with different mechanisms of action which reciprocally potentiate each other. Experimental and clinical suppositions of the use of a-lipoic acid as one of the most studied antioxidant in the treatment of brain ischemia as well as the results of own studies on the preparation berlition which contains a-lipoic acid used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes are discussed.

A new approach for the evaluation of oxidizability of proteins and lipids in the same sample of blood plasma was proposed. We tested a method for evaluation of metal-catalyzed oxidation of fibrinogen by the formation of bityrosine cross-links during oxidation detected by the increase in fluorescence at 415 nm. A correlation was revealed between parameters of oxidizability estimated by this marker and carbonyl derivatives (dinitrophenylhydrazine method). Oxidizability of total proteins from whole plasma was compared with oxidizability of plasma lipids (marker malonic dialdehyde). Study of these parameters in patients with coronary heart disease showed that the proposed experimental approach allows us to divide the sample into several subgroups differing in the resistance to oxidative stress. These data can be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.

It was confirmed that the survival of gamma-exposed mice became higher after preliminarily subcutaneous injections of cadmium chloride. It is supposed that radioresistance of mice is connected with the induction of metallothionein proteins by cadmium chloride.

We proposed a method for isolation of low-molecular-weight RNA from mammalian thymus. Physicochemical properties and regulatory activity of these RNA in immunological test of T cell-dependent antibody formation were evaluated.

We studied the effects of ribonucleic immunotropic preparation Ribotim obtained from the thymus on functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils and wound healing after burn trauma. Immunotherapy normalized immunological parameters, attenuated demarcation inflammation in burn wound, and promoted epithelialization of the wound surface preserving skin structures.

In F2 hybrids between self-sterile plants of the Volkhova cultivar and self-fertile lines with established self-fertility mutations (sf-mutations) at the major incompatibility loci S (1R), Z (2R), and T (5R), the effect of sf-mutations on the inheritance of secalin-encoding, isozyme, and morphological markers located on the same chromosomes was investigated. Linkage between loci Prx7 and S and locus Sec3 coding for high-molecular-weight secalins on chromosome 1R was shown for the first time The frequency of recombination between Prx7 and Sec3 and between S and Sec3 was 29.1 +/- 4.8% and 30.9 +/- 7.0%, respectively. Independent inheritance of locus Z and isozyme markers of chromosome 2R, Est3/5 and beta-Glu, from locus Sec2 encoding 75-kDa gamma-secalins was shown; in hybrids, the recombination frequency between Est3/5 and locus Z varied from 19.2 +/- 8.1 to 50%. Independent inheritance of morphological (Ddw and Hs) and isozyme markers (Est4, Est6/9, and Aco2) of chromosome 5R from locus T located on the same chromosome was demonstrated.

Three fractions with different molecular weights were isolated from pig skin. Fraction 1 (F1) and fraction 3 (F3) stimulated human keratinocyte proliferation in primary and regenerating cultures, but didn't affect their differentiation. Fraction 2 (F2) inhibited keratinocyte proliferation and stimulated their differentiation. The content of the proteins, carbohydrates, ribonucleic acids (RNA) and total lipids were determined in the fractions. The content of proteins and total lipids decreased from F1 to F3, but the content of carbohydrates and RNA increased. Physico-chemical properties of the fractions were studied by the methods of isoelectric focusing and vertical electrophoresis in polyacrilamide gel with sodium dodecyl sulphate and 7 M urea. The authors found that F1 contained 2-3 main proteins with molecular weight of 58 kDa and pI from 4.9 to 5.1 and RNA with molecular weight of 44 kDa. F2 was more heterogeneous. It contained a few main proteins with molecular weights from 6.9 to 61 kDa and pI from 4.4 to 8.3 and RNA with approximate molecular weights from 5.0 to 7.5 kDa. F3 contained a few main proteins with molecular weights from 3.5 to 59 kDa and pI from 4.8 to 5.1 and RNA with approximate molecular weights from 4.8 to 7.0 kDa.

82 patients with psoriasis and 10 apparently healthy subjects (group of control) were examined. After analysis of the psoriasis patients blood serum thesigrammes in this study 3 distinct types were identified: tree-like one (49%), bush-bunch type (44%), and polymorphous type (7%). In a microscopic investigation, thesigrammes of psoriasis patients differed from those of healthy subjects in respect of morphostructural features in spite of macroscopic similarity. While studying thesigrammes during the time-related course of the illness significant differences depending on the stage of psoriasis were disclosed. The results secured permit asserting that the thesigraphic method of investigation into the blood serum can be used for the diagnosis of the condition, objectivization of control over the effectiveness of treatment and prognostication of the course of psoriasis.