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Ovaj rad bavi se razvojem Mongolije iz neujedinjenih plemenskih zajednica u Mongolsko Carstvo s posebni osvrtom na vojsku i dva velika kana. U središtu radnje su dva najveća kana koji su najviše bili zaslužni za uspon Mongolskog Carstva: Džingis-kana i Kublaj-kana. Proučava se stanje Mongolije prije uspona te dostignuća i promijene koje su uveli za vrijeme svojeg vladanja. Također napravljena je i usporedba stanja vojske za vrijeme oba kana i utjecaj pojave baruta. Cilj rada je vidjeti i usporediti kako je Mongolija kao zemlja naseljena mnogobrojnim razjedinjenim plemenima postala jedno od najdugotrajnijih i najjačih carstva u povijesti koje je trajalo do 16. stoljeća. Svaki Kan je imao svoj način vladanja i viziju o tome kako Mongolija treba izgledati. Džingis je bio vladar koji je uspio ujediniti plemena s svojom karizmom i vještinom u ratovanjima te je za njega vlast trebala ostati centralizirana i tradicionalna, dok je vojska morala biti sastavljena od sposobnih i discipliniranih ljudi. Kublaj-kan je Mongoliju pretvorio u trgovačko središte koje povezuje daleki istok sa zapadom te za razliku od Džingisa on je smatrao da se treba vladati po uzoru na Kinu i njezina učenja. Također je smatrao da je u napretku spas i promijenio je stil ratovanja Mongola. Važno je napomenuti da Džingis i Kublaj spadaju u istu obitelj i da iako su imali različite poglede na to kako bi se trebalo vladati za vrijeme njihove vlasti Mongolija je bila najjača. This thesis studies the development of Mongolia from disunited tribal communities to the Mongol Empire with special reference to the army and the two great khans. The central focus are the two greatest khans who were most responsible for the rise of the Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. The state of Mongolia before the rise and the achievements and changes that took place during its reign are studied. A comparison of the state of the army during both khans and the influence of the appearance of gunpowder was also made. The goal of the thesis is to see and compare how Mongolia, as a country inhabited by numerous disunited tribes, became one of the longest-lasting and largest empires in history, which lasted until the 16th century. Each Khan had his own way of ruling and vision of what Mongolia should look like. Genghis was a ruler who managed to unite the tribes with his charisma and skill in warfare, and for him the government should remain centralized and traditional, while the army had to be composed of capable and disciplined people. Kublai Khan turned Mongolia into a trade center that connects the Far East with the West, and unlike Genghis, he believed that he should rule according to the model of China and its teachings. He also believed that he was prosperity in progress and changed the style of warfare of the Mongols. It is important to note that Genghis and Kublai belong to the same family and that although they had different views on how it should be ruled during their rule, Mongolia was the strongest during their rule.