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Laila Bar,1,2 Darryn Marks,3 Susan Brandis1 1Department of Occupational Therapy, Bond University, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Robina, Queensland, Australia; 2Department of Occupational Therapy, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia; 3Department of Physiotherapy, Bond University, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Robina, Queensland, AustraliaCorrespondence: Laila Bar, Department of Occupational Therapy, Level 4, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, 2 Promethean Way, Robina, Queensland, 4226, Australia, Tel +61 413 855 090, Email laila.bar@student.bond.edu.auPurpose: Poor patient adherence to compression stockings remains a difficult and pervasive problem for clinicians, with costly repercussions for patients and health-care systems. The purpose of this paper was to describe the application of behavior change theory to the systematic development of a suite of resources, aimed at improving patient adherence to wearing compression stockings.Methods: Employing a non-empirical approach, behavior-change theory was used to develop an innovative intervention as part of a multi-phase project. Target behaviors, barriers and potential enablers were identified in relation to stocking adherence. An impact-likelihood matrix for behavior prioritization was used to identify possible areas for intervention within occupational therapy outpatient clinics. Selection of suitable resources and their consequent development were based on a narrative and problem-solving process by a panel of clinical experts.Results: Of 14 potential domains embedded in the Theoretical Domains Framework, the key target behaviors and barriers were associated with eight domains. Michie’s Behavior Change Wheel revealed recommendations in six subdivisions and of these, four intervention functions were selected by the panel, based on their potential impact and likelihood of adoption in clinical practice. Findings led to the development of a suite of resources comprising a new questionnaire, a clinical decision tree, augmented by clinical answer sheets corresponding to each of the barriers.Conclusion: Application of behavior change theory informed the design of a behavior change intervention comprising an integrated suite of resources for novice and experienced clinicians.Practice Implications: These novel resources have potential to improve patient adherence to compression stockings and consequently generate health-care savings through reduced need for wound care products, and medical interventions with translation to other settings and conditions requiring compression stockings. Patient outcomes will likely be improved with reduced pain, improved quality of life and earlier resumption of usual occupations.Keywords: compression stockings, adherence, behavior change theory, Behavior Change Wheel, COM-B model, Theoretical Domains Framework, venous leg ulcers

Laila Bar,1 Susan Brandis,1 Darryn Marks2 1Department of Occupational Therapy, Bond University, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Queensland, Australia; 2Department of Physiotherapy, Bond University, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Queensland, AustraliaCorrespondence: Laila Bar Email laila.bar@student.bond.edu.auPurpose: Patient adherence to wearing compression stockings in the management of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and venous leg ulcers (VLUs) is low. Poor adherence with compression stockings contributes to recurrence and impaired healing of VLUs. As such, the purpose of this review was to report on the scientific evidence related to adherence and explore modifiable factors which impact adherence with compression stockings.Methods: A systematic search was conducted from inception to 31 October 2019. Following the PRISMA-ScR Checklist, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, OT Seeker and Web of Science were explored using search terms: compression/compression stocking/compression garment/compression sock/stockings/garments and adherence/compliance/concordance.Results: We identified 2613 papers of which 125 full text papers were assessed for eligibility and 69 met inclusion criteria. Papers were grouped and charted by concepts relevant to the research questions and narratively synthesized. Several dominant themes emerged, and a conceptual framework was developed incorporating modifiable variables, adherence itself, and outcomes related to adherence. Specifically considering interventions to improve adherence, only five of 14 randomized controlled trials were able to demonstrate improvements in adherence through unidimensional approaches. All nine of the case studies/series demonstrated a positive impact on adherence, eight of which described a personalized multidimensional approach. A lack of consensus around defining, measuring, and quantifying adherence with compression stockings was identified, resulting in wide variation in reported adherence rates.Conclusion: Inconsistency in the definition and measurement of adherence limits meaningful interpretation of the literature. No individual intervention has consistently demonstrated improved adherence. Multidimensional interventions show promise but require further investigation with high-quality trials. Improving adherence appears to improve health outcomes in VLU /CVI populations but there is a lack of information directly linking improved adherence with cost outcomes.Trial Registration: Open Science Framework: ACTRN12620000544976p.Keywords: scoping review, compression stockings, adherence, leg ulcers, chronic venous insufficiency

The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in normal and pathological conditions. It is essential for maintaining fluid homeostasis, for immune responses and for dietary lipid absorption, and is exploited [...], How cells acquire their fate is a fundamental question in developmental and regenerative biology. Multipotent progenitors undergo cell-fate restriction in response to cues from the microenvironment, the nature of which is poorly understood. In the case of the lymphatic system, venous cells from the cardinal vein are thought to generate lymphatic vessels through trans-differentiation. Here we show that in zebrafish, lymphatic progenitors arise from a previously uncharacterized niche of specialized angioblasts within the cardinal vein, which also generates arterial and venous fates. We further identify Wnt5b as a novel lymphatic inductive signal and show that it also promotes the 'angioblast-to-lymphatic' transition in human embryonic stem cells, suggesting that this process is evolutionary conserved. Our results uncover a novel mechanism of lymphatic specification, and provide the first characterization of the lymphatic inductive niche. More broadly, our findings highlight the cardinal vein as a heterogeneous structure, analogous to the haematopoietic niche in the aortic floor.

We have developed a method to vary the shape of magnetic field pulses on a picosecond time scale and to monitor the magnetization response in all three dimensions by using time-resolved linear and nonlinear magneto-optical techniques. With this, we have measured the temporal response of rectangular 10 x 20 [micro]m and elliptical 8 x 16 [micro]m, 8 nm thin Permalloy ([Ni.sub.80][Fe.sub.20]) elements due to in-plane magnetic field pulses with varying length and amplitudes. The data shows coherent precession of the magnetic spins in the elliptical elements, for large and small angle excitations. The shaping of the in-plane field pulses allows the control of the magnetization-motion on a picosecond timescale, so that stopping of the precessional motion of the underdamped magnetic system after one full precessional oscillation could be achieved. The large angle excitation showed a 160[degrees] switching of the magnetization within 300 ps. Further, it is demonstrated that the present technique can successfully be applied to improve the data integrity in magnetic random access memories (MRAMs). Index Terms--Coherent rotation, magnetic random access memory (MRAM), Permalloy, precession, thin-film elements.

Author(s): Th. Gerrits [1]; H. A. M. van den Berg [1]; J. Hohlfeld [1]; L. Bär [2]; Th. Rasing (corresponding author) [1] Since the invention of the first magnetic memory [...]

A single-layer gradiometer with parallel pickup-inductances integrated with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensors galvanically coupled to the antenna is developed. The sensors are prepared on 1 mm-thick c-axis oriented bicrystalline SrTiO3 substrates. The gradiometer is operated at 77 K without any shielding. The values of the gradiometer's specific resistance and critical current density are in good agreement with existing experimental data.

The magnetic field generated by a current on chip at the location of the spin dependent tunneling (SDT) element is calculated depending on the geometric parameters of the current line and for the critical current density. No magnetic stability of the Ru/CoFe hard magnetic layer based tunneling system was measured during unidirectional switching.

The formation and annihilation in exchange-biased AFi structures from resistance measurements and domain imaging is discussed. The competition between Zeeman, exchange-bias and domain wall energy during relaxation after saturation causes domain wall creation and annihilation in the AFi system.

The characteristics of planar magnetometer and gradiometer flux transformers for superconducting quantum interference devices were studied. The transformers, which were fabricated by the epitaxial laser deposition of YBa2u3Ox-SrTiO3-YBa2Cu3Ox trilayer films on silicon, were analyzed by four probe resistance measurements, low temperature scanning electron microscopy and current measurements. Results show that the trilayer transformers have excellent superconducting properties.

The structural and electrical characterization of sputter-deposited CoFe(B)/MgO/Si metal-insulator-semiconductor tunneling junctions for injection and detection of spin polarized current in silicon is presented. The temperature-dependent C-V characteristics show that electrons dominate the current transport for both n- and p-doped waters.

Direct-write and toggle switching in the precessional limit are implemented on micron-sized magnetic tunnel junctions. The amplitudes and duration of orthogonal applied magnetic fields leading to reliable switching for pulse durations as short as 178 ps are measured.

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a major pest to agriculture. Adults are able to fly for long distances and to colonize staple crops, herbs and ornamentals, and to vector viruses belonging to several important taxonomic groups. During their early development, whiteflies mature from eggs through several nymphal stages (instars I to IV) until adults emerge from pupae. We aim at reducing whitefly populations by inhibiting the emergence of adults from nymphs. Here we targeted dystrophin, a conserved protein essential for the development of the muscle system in humans, other animals and insects. We have exploited the fact that whitefly nymphs developing on tomato leaves feed from the plant phloem via their stylets. Thus, we delivered dystrophin‐silencing double‐stranded RNA to nymphs developing on leaves of tomato plantlets with their roots bathing in the silencing solution. Downregulation of dystrophin expression occurred mainly in pupae. Dystrophin silencing induced also the downregulation of the dystrophin‐associated protein genes actin and tropomyosin, and disrupted F‐actin. Most significantly, the treatment inhibited the emergence of adults from pupae, suggesting that targeting dystrophin may help to restrain whitefly populations. This study demonstrates for the first time the important role of dystrophin in the development of a major insect pest to agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micron-size magnetic tunnel junctions are studied, in which the pinning of the hard magnetic reference layer is accomplished by the so-called Artificial Antiferromagnetic Subsystem(AAF). In the AAF, two Co layers are antiferromagnetically coupled by a 1 nm thick Cu layer, thus giving rise to stability windows larger than 2 kA/m for the AAF. [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]-tunnel barriers of 1 and 1.5 nm Al thickness were put on top of the AAF and at its opposite surface Fe detection layers are located. The signal could be enhanced by a factor of two to 22% by inserting a 1 nm Co-coating between the barrier and the Fe. Thus sensors were realized with signals four times higher than for the GMR counterparts. Index Terms--AAF, Position Sensor, TMR