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We reported the first record of the rare species Trocheta subviridis Dutrochet, 1817 (Arhynchobdellida, Erpobdellidae) from north-eastern Spain (Suspiro stream at Señorio de Bértiz Natural Park, Navarra, Spain). The species was previously recorded in Spain by Cordero del Campillo (1980) and García Más and Jiménez (1981). However, the latter authors admitted (Garcia Más & Jiménez, 1984) that both citations could be considered erroneous due to a misinterpretation by Cordero del Campillo of Blanchard (1893) (Jueg, 2008). Thus, considering the limited and uncertain information about T. subviridis in Spain, we can argue that our specimen is the first valid record reported for the species in the Iberian Peninsula. En esta publicación reportamos el primer registro de la rara especie Trocheta subviridis Dutrochet, 1817 (Arhynchobdellida, Erpobdellidae) en el noreste de España (arroyo Suspiro en el Parque Natural del Señorío de Bértiz, Navarra, España). La especie fue registrada previamente en España por Cordero del Campillo (1980) y García-Más y Jiménez (1981). Sin embargo, estos últimos autores admitieron (García Más y Jiménez, 1984) que ambas citas podrían considerarse erróneas debido a una mala interpretación de Blanchard (1893) por parte de Cordero del Campillo (Jueg, 2008). Por lo tanto, teniendo en cuenta la limitada e incierta información sobre T. subviridis en España, podemos argumentar que nuestro ejemplar es el primer registro válido citado para esta especie en la Península Ibérica

La amazonia peruana, conocida por ser hábitat de un gran número de especies, ha sido objeto de innumerables investigaciones con la finalidad de comprender mejor su biodiversidad. Uno de los grupos más estudiados en esta parte del Perú es el de los lepidópteros. Sin embargo, a pesar de que hay algunos trabajos en zonas como Loreto, Tingo María e incluso el mismo San Martín, aún quedan muchas partes de la selva por explorar y evaluar. En ese sentido, se considera muy importante la realización de investigaciones como la presente, que tuvo como objetivo determinar las especies de lepidópteros diurnos que habitan el bosque El Pelejo, San Martín, Perú. Los muestreos se llevaron a cabo en un área conservada ubicada dentro de la propiedad de Agroganadera Huallaga S. A. C. Se registraron 31 especies de lepidópteros correspondientes a cinco familias, siendo Nymphalidae la que presentó mayor riqueza de especies. Asimismo, todas las especies registradas en la presente investigación se encuentran en la categoría de Preocupación Menor de acuerdo con la lista roja de especies de la IUCN. Este estudio representa el primer listado de lepidópteros para el Bosque El Pelejo, siendo la base para futuras investigaciones sobre mariposas diurnas en este importante bosque de la Amazonia peruana. The Peruvian Amazon, known for being the habitat of a large number of species, has been the subject of innumerable investigations in order to better understand its biodiversity. One of the most studied groups in this part of Peru is the Lepidoptera. However, despite the fact that there are some jobs in areas such as Loreto, Tingo María and even San Martín itself, there are still many parts of the jungle to be explored and evaluated. In this sense, it is considered very important to carry out research such as this one, which aimed to determine the diurnal lepidopteran species that inhabit the El Pelejo forest, San Martín, Peru. The samplings were carried out in a conserved area located within the property of Agroganadera Huallaga S. A. C. 31 species of Lepidoptera corresponding to five families were recorded, with Nymphalidae the one that presented the highest species richness. Likewise, all the species registered in the present investigation are in the Least Concern category according to the IUCN red list of species. This study represents the first list of lepidoptera for the El Pelejo Forest, being the basis for future research on diurnal butterflies in this important forest of the Peruvian Amazon.

An intensive sampling in a colluvial mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS) of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park, using 33 subterranean sampling devices (SSDs) is the origin of the Collembola studied in this paper. The data were obtained from the second extraction of the traps, in operation between October of 2015 and May of 2016. This paper presents the faunistic and diversity data along with the entire park (mostly at sampling points above 200 m a.s.l.) for this period, compares the data between the first extraction of the traps and the second one, and describes one species of the genus Pseudosinella that appears as new in the second campaign.

La idea primera que llevó a iniciar este trabajo de tesis fue la de hacer un gran muestreo de arañas de Navarra; escribir algo imposible que contuviera improbablemente todas las arañas dentro. Si estuvieran quietas. Se diseñó un esquema de muestreo casi redondo, un abanico de posibles combinaciones que luciera bien y sonara coherente. Se hicieron luego miles de kilómetros por carreteras y caminos, cientos de litros de agua llovida en las trampas y en las botas. Laboratorio, lupa, microscopio, 23 000 arañas. Y un día el muestreo se acaba, y cuando está uno analizando muestras piensa si no sería estupendo poner trampas de caída en los árboles, porque no están quietas, en verdad; y cuántas debe de haber bajo el suelo, y qué distintas. Y se da uno cuenta de que, efectivamente, tener todas las arañas es improbable, y escribirlo imposible.

This book collects the main outcomes that were generated during the implementation of the LIFE+RESPIRA project (LIFE13 ENV/ES/000417), carried out in the city of Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. The research was conducted by a cross-functional team made up of more than 30 researchers belonging to three entities: The University of Navarra, the Centre for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research (CIEMAT) and Environmental Management of Navarra (GAN-NIK).

En esta tesis doctoral se abordan las principales relaciones ecológicas existentes entre el cangrejo señal Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) y los factores abióticos (parámetros físicoquímicos del agua y características del hábitat) y bióticos (algas, branquiobdélidos, invertebrados bentónicos y peces) en los ecosistemas fluviales navarros (norte de España). En primer lugar, se hace una revisión bibliográfica sobre el estado de conocimiento y legislación vigente de las especies de cangrejo de río presentes en la Península Ibérica que sirve de capítulo introductorio. La disparidad entre los criterios de gestión de las distintas administraciones y la consideración del cangrejo señal como una especie exótica invasora y, a la vez, una especie pescable, son importantes escollos en la gestión global de esta especie. Posteriormente se estudia la distribución y abundancia del cangrejo señal en Navarra y se relaciona con los parámetros físico-químicos del agua, características del hábitat y las comunidades de peces. El hábitat óptimo del cangrejo señal se sitúa entre los tramos salmonícolas de cabecera, con aguas frías y baja proporción de materia orgánica, y los tramos ciprinícolas (tramos bajos), con aguas más cálidas, donde cohabita con otra especie invasora de cangrejo, el cangrejo rojo de las marismas Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852). La presencia del cangrejo señal está limitada en los tramos de cabecera porque las temperaturas son extremadamente bajas y hay poca materia orgánica. La existencia de unos factores ambientales limitantes en tramos altos favorece la conservación de estos ecosistemas acuáticos y su fauna nativa. Además, se encuentra una nueva relación ectosimbiótica entre el cangrejo rojo de las marismas y el branquiobdélido Xironogiton victorienesis (Gelder & Hall, 1990) y se estudian las relaciones biológicas que tiene este organismo ectosimbionte con su hospedador y con las variables ambientales. Aunque X. victoriensis se pensaba que era un ectosimbionte específico del cangrejo señal (su único hospedador hasta el momento), se observa que también puede infestar otras especies de cangrejo. Las consecuencias de estas nuevas relaciones biológicas en otros lugares y con diferentes especies se desconocen. En el siguiente trabajo, se vio que los ejemplares de cangrejo de mayor tamaño y con mejor condición corporal de cangrejo presentan mayores abundancias del ectosimbionte. El mutualismo es el mejor tipo de relación biológica que explica la relación existente entre X. victoriensis y su hospedador. Finalmente, se evalúa la competencia trófica y por espacio entre el cangrejo señal y las especies nativas de peces mediante el uso de grabaciones nocturnas, el estudio del contenido estomacal y el análisis de isótopos estables de carbono y nitrógeno. Se demuestra que existe una competencia por el alimento y por el hábitat/espacio entre el cangrejo señal y las especies nativas de peces, en particular con las especies bentónicas. En resumen, los resultados de esta tesis doctoral demuestran que el cangrejo señal produce impactos negativos sobre la fauna autóctona mediante la depredación, competencia trófica, competencia por espacio y, transporte de ectosimbiontes asociados que pueden causar enfermedades y/o infestaciones a las especies nativas. Por todo ello, se deben tomar medidas urgentes para controlar las poblaciones de cangrejo señal debido a que en su área de distribución habitan especies Ibéricas endémicas de peces “En Peligro de Extinción” como la lamprehuela Cobitis calderoni Bacescu, 1962.

Invasive alien species present a global threat to biodiversity, particularly where pathogens and symbionts are involved. Branchiobdellidans are clitellate annelids with an obligate ectosymbiotic association primarily on astacoidean crayfish. There are several examples of branchiobdellidan species adopting a geographically exotic host where endemic and exotic crayfishes cohabit the same water body. The first records of a western North American branchiobdellidan, Xironogiton victoriensis, adopting the eastern North American crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, in 2 river basins in Spain provide further evidence of the ectosymbionts’ tolerance to adopt an exotic host. Given worldwide translocations of these and other commercial crayfish species, limnologists and agency managers need to be alert for further introductions of X. victoriensis and other branchiobdellidans. Impacts of these exotic ectosymbionts on habitat and biota at a new location are unknown, as are their consequences on native biodiversity

Los edificios pueden entenderse como una clase especial de máquina que, en términos de acondicionamiento higrotérmico, se encienden y se apagan, manteniendo una temperatura estable en relación a las actividades que albergan en su interior, en una estrategia similar a la que ofrecen los animales de 'sangre caliente'. Existen numerosas estrategias pasivas en la arquitectura que permiten un control efectivo de los condicionantes interiores de los edificios dentro de los niveles de habitabilidad humana. Del mismo modo, el mundo animal posee diversos métodos de control térmico activo como el atún con su sistema rete mirabile, las abejas controlando la temperatura de la colmena o el gusano de seda regulando la temperatura y controlando los gases dentro de su crisálida. El proyecto que se describe explora nuevas estrategias de diseño de los sistemas energéticos y de instalaciones de los edificios, a partir del análisis crítico de los sistemas metabólicos de los denominados animales de 'sangre fría'. Se plantea, por tanto, una reevaluación del paradigma establecido en la metodología de concepción de los sistemas energéticos e instalaciones en los edificios, con una visión aproximativa desde otra área del saber.

Se presenta el Taxón Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda). Los colémbolos tienen algunas características que nos permiten aparentemente reconocerlos como insectos salvo por la ausencia de alas y la presencia de apéndices abdominales (quedará claro más adelante que los colémbolos no son insectos, sino una Clase al nivel de los Insecta dentro de la Superclase Hexapoda, incluida a su vez en el Subphylum Pancrustacea, Phylum Arthropoda, Superphylum Ecdysozoa).

Genera in subfamily Paronellinae have been grouped into five tribes, in part based on chaetotaxy. Tribes Bromacanthini, Paronellini, and Troglopedetini are characterized by having rounded scales and reduced or no macrochaetae, and although Bromacanthini harbors two well-differentiated genera, the core genera in tribes Paronellini and Troglopedetini form a homogeneous group where even generic diagnoses were, until recently, unclear. The genera assigned to Troglopedetini (Troglopedetes Absolon, Trogolaphysa Mills, and Cyphoderopsis Carpenter) harbor many species with reduced eyes number, whereas the tribe Paronellini (genera Paronella Schött, Dicranocentruga Wray and Campylothorax Schött) includes species with 6-8 eyes. Recent analyses of the chaetotaxy of Trogolaphysa and Cyphoderopsis suggest that these genera represent specialized forms related to species in Paronellini. The taxonomy of Troglopedetes, the type genus of Troglopedetini, is based almost exclusively on claw and mucro shape and dorsal macrochaetae pattern, and few details of the complete dorsal chaetotaxy of the species are known. This contribution presents a comparative analysis of the complete dorsal chaetotaxy of two species of Troglopedetes from Spain (one new to science), two new species of Trogolaphysa from the Dominican Republic and Martinique, and Campylothorax sabanus with the purpose of identifying aspects of the chaetotaxy that could provide diagnostic characters for the separation of Trogolaphysa and Troglopedetes, and a new diagnosis for tribe Troglopedetini. The analysis shows that neither the number of chaetae nor its organization or pattern of macrochaeta provides diagnostic differences between Trogolaphysa and Troglopedetes. It is also concluded that the separation of Paronellini and Troglopedetini is not justified. Troglopedetini is here synonymized with Paronellini, and a new diagnosis of Paronellini is provided.

Reseña de Jordana, R., 2012, Synopses on Palaearctic Collembola. Capbryinae & Entomobryni. Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Dr. Willi Xylander. Editores: Prof. Dr. Wolfram Dunger and Dr. Ulrich Burkhardt. Soil Organisms, Vol. 84 (1): 1-390.

En esta guía quedan recogidos todos los grupos de mamíferos que tienen presencia en el entorno de Pamplona, así como sus principales características.

The systematic study of specimens of Entomobrya from various European museums, private collections and other samplings, allows us to describe several species new of the genus. Specimens from Germany, deposited at the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz (SMNG), identified as new species as result of this study, are described: Entomobrya dungeri n. sp., Entomobrya germanica n. sp., Entomobrya saxoniensis n. sp., Entomobrya schulzi Jordana & Baquero n. sp. and Entomobrya dorsolineata n. sp.

Very little is known about the incidence of egg parasitoids in odonates, perhaps because Odonata eggs are well protected in stems or leaves, sometimes below water. In Central Italy (Pontecorvo, Frosinone province) two damselflies, Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis and Platycnemis pennipes occur at high densities. In August 2007 we collected 30 stems of the aquatic plant Potamogeton sp. used as substrate for oviposition and incubated eggs in the laboratory. Most stems (24 for C. haemorrhoidalis and 23 for P. pennipes) contained odonata eggs. Parasitoids emerged from 12 stems, with a mean parasitism of 2% for C. haemorrhoidalis and 6% for P. pennipes, and a maximum of 14% and 50%, respectively. Furthermore, we observed egg-laying of 19 females of C. haemorrhoidalis and 11 of P. pennipes, and marked the stems where oviposition was observed. Clutches remained in the river for 5 days and were then collected and incubated. Parasitoids emerged from 11 stems out of 30, with an average parasitism of 8% for C. haemorrhoidalis and 3% for P. pennipes (maximum of 50% and 29%, respectively). All parasitoids belonged to the family Mymaridae, and were identified as Anagrus (Anagrus) obscurus Förster, 1861, sensu Soyka, 1955. This is the first time that such species is described as an egg parasitoid of odonates, and that an egg parasitoid of C. haemorrhoidalis and P. pennipes is identified. Our data suggest that egg parasitism might be a significant selective factor for both odonates in the studied locality, affecting female oviposition behaviour.

This paper is part of the results of a systematic study of the specimens of Entomobrya and related genera from various European museums and other material obtained from private collections. Various new species from Russia and Armenia were identified: Entomobrya karasukensis n. sp., Entomobrya tuvinica n. sp., Entomobrya pseudolanuginosa n. sp., Entomobrya stebaevae n. sp., Entomobrya kuznetsovae n. sp., Entomobrya brinevi n. sp., Entomobrya primorica n. sp., Entomobrya kabardinica n. sp., Entomobrya taigicola n. sp., Entomobryoides sotoadamesi n. sp. and Prodrepanura altaica n. sp. from Russia, and Entomobrya armeniensis n. sp. from Armenia. For the identification and description of these species we used the set of characters proposed by Jordana and Baquero (2005).

Esta obra se encarga de analizar las características principales de las mariposas existentes en Pamplona, clasificándolas por familias, tipología y variedad, así como explicando las cuatro fases que atraviesan durante su ciclo vital: huevo, oruga, pupa y adulto.

New species of the genera Entomobrya and Mesentotoma from the Mediterranean Palaearctic region are described: Entomobrya akritohoriensis n. sp. from Greece, Entomobrya luqueensis n. sp. and Entomobrya vergarensis n. sp. from Spain, Entomobrya transversalis n. sp. from Morocco, and Mesentotoma hispanica n. sp. from Spain. A new name is proposed for Folsomia potapovi Jordana & Baquero 2008 nec Babenko 2007.

Entomobrya palmensis n. sp. is described from the Canary Islands (Macaronesian Region). The new species shares the colour pattern with E. multifasciata (Tullberg, 1871), but clearly differs in chaetotaxy. A list of species and locations of the collembolan fauna of the area is given.

The systematic study of Entomobrya specimens from different museums in the Palaearctic region and material obtained from other collections allowed some new species of the genus to be revealed. Entomobrya iraqensis n. sp. is described from Mosul, Iraq. For the identification and description of the species, the set of characters proposed by Jordana and Baquero (2005) was used.

Three species of Homidia, (H. rosannae n. sp., H. sotoi n. sp. and H. yoshiii n. sp.) found among misidentified specimens of the Yoshii’s Collection at “Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève” (MHNG), are described. The similar colour pattern of many species of Entomobryini makes it difficult to identify some specimens, but the use of macrochaetotaxy (Jordana & Baquero, 2005) allows differentiate the species and, for this paper, the description of these three new ones. A comparative chaetotaxy of Homidia Japanese species and a key is given.

Two species of Entomobrya were found among 288 specimens of Collembola sampled in northern Algeria. The identification of the Entomobrya species requires some precautions and consideration of characters beyond color pattern. Preliminary identifications suggested the presence of E. mauretanica Handschin, 1925 (new status) and E. clitellaria Guthrie, 1903, but a detailed examination of the specimens assigned to E. clitellaria showed that a new species was involved which is described here. Entomobrya mauretanica has only been collected once before, was described inadequately, and is redescribed here.

The study of some specimens of Entomobrya handschini from different museums throughout Europe, along with additional material obtained in recent samplings has made a new description of the species possible, as well as providing data concerning its identity and presumably its real distribution. It seems that this species is present in an arc from Poland to Iran, to the south-east of the Black Sea. It is possible to define a particular feature of colouration present in the specimens throughout this area with some variations and they also maintain a dorsal macrochaetotaxy with a low variation range."By kind permission of Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz; copyright by Senckenberg Görlitz. See also: www.soil-organisms.org"

Anew species of Coecobrya Yosii, 1956 (Collembola, Entomobryomorpha, Entomobryidae) from a cave in Rapa Nui (Easter Island) is described. The new species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the following characters: antenna relatively short, less than 4 times the cephalic diagonal; absence of smooth setae on ventral side of tibiotarsus; inner tooth of unguis at more than 1/3 of distance to basal ventral edge; unguiculus outer tooth smaller than the rest of unguiculus; absence of macrochaetae in group 6 on thoracic tergite II; four macrochaetae on central dorsal abdomen IV; smooth setae on manubrium posterior side; and 1+1 smooth setae on posterior face of ventral tube. The species A. caecus is frequently referred in the North hemisphere, and referred too in Australia and New Zealand, but this is the first record to Easter Island. The discovery of this two species resulted from the speleological work that was carried out in the cave Roiho, in the national park of Easter Island, Chile.

The taxonomic identification of Collembola collected from two plant species, Juniperus tibetica and Rosa serica, in two sacred juniper forests near Lhasa (NW China), has allowed us to describe five new species of Entomobrya Rondani, 1861. Only 10 species of the genus Entomobrya have previously been recorded from China, and only one species (E. huangi Chen & Ma, 1998) from Tibet.

The four nominal species of Eustochus are reviewed. Four new species, E. confusus from Spain, E. pengellyi and E. yoshimotoi from North America, and E. nipponicus from Japan are described and a key to the eight species is given.

A new species of Orchesellides is described from material collected in the Valsa n forest (Segovia, Spain), and conserved in the collection of the National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN), CSIC, Madrid. The genus was known only from the eastern Palaearctic, Oriental, and Indo-Pacific (Hawaii) regions. This is the first reference for the genus from the western Palaearctic region, creating an interesting disjunct distribution. The value of the morphological characteristics for the identification of the species is discussed.

A detailed morphological study of the collembolan genus Vesicephalus Richards in Delamare Deboutteville & Massoud, 1964 is presented, with the redescription of known species on the basis of new scanning electron microscopy observations. Vesicephalus is a rare genus found in North America, Spain (Europe) and Russia, having the unique characteristic of a pair of interocular vesicles with demonstrated photoreception function. This feature may be responsible for habitat restriction within the species range. The possible function of this photoreceptor is high sensitivity to light, which permits these animals to live in a dark environment. A key to the known five species is presented, together with chaetotaxic illustrations.

A new species of Pseudosinella has been found in the Pozalagua cave from Bizkaia, Basque Country. The new species is described and the description of the circumstances of the cave is given.

Se presentan los primeros registros de Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (Rossi, 1790) para la Comunidad Foral de Navarra y la Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja y se comentan algunas inconsistencias en los datos disponibles sobre su distribución en Europa occidental.

A new species of Entomobrya is described from a cave of Palma de Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) by a method that uses a set of 39 morphology and chaetotaxy characteristics (JORDANA & BAQUERO, 2005). The specimens were captured inside the cave, a rare location for species of this genus. The species has not been found in the vegetation near the cave, but it seems to be troglophilous; the body surface and gut contents show the characteristic calcite spherules commonly found in troglobites.

A new species of Pseudosinella has been found in Tesla Mountains, Burgos, Spain. The new species is characterized by its body sparsely colored in blue, 2-3 eyes in a black spot, and the chaetotaxy.

This chapter will try to make some generalisations on current approaches to the imaging of small specimens. By that, we mean those with sizes lying typically between that of microphotography and that of macrophotography. These constraints do not necessarily mean a requirement for taxon-specific techniques. Rather, mainstream imaging procedures can be successfully used, although it is advisable to consider certain characteristics of the taxa in question. A case, or rather ‘bookcase’, study (i.e. different taxonomic groups) depicting our laboratory’s procedures will act as a basis for discussing several issues. Assemblages of the largest specimens can be pictured, though rarely, with SLR cameras fitted with a good macro lens. However, mesofauna are usually imaged under the stereomicroscope or by transmitted light microscopy. Preserved specimens are typically mounted on slides and imaged at low power under optical or scanning electron microscope, and details are captured at higher magnifications. Surfaces, and superficial features, are targeted more often than internal structures, and optical techniques are much more common for contrast improvement than chemical stains. The main drive should be directed at ensuring a good scientific usability of the images. Thus, compromises will be needed where feature visibility, enhancement, and fidelity conflict with aesthetic qualities.The wide spectrum of soil mesofauna means that a variety of handling and preparation procedures, as well as several observation and imaging techniques, are applied even within a group. Thus, the proposed ”bookcase” study will have several tiers at times, where techniques differ for specific groups.

We redescribe Pseudosinella duodecimoculata Bonet, 1931 and designate a lectotype. In the light of this new description, Pseudosinella luquei Beruete & Jordana, 2002 is also redescribed. A new species, Pseudosinella beruetei n. sp., is raised with the characteristics that were once attributed to P. duodecimoculata by GISIN & GAMA in 1970.

A new species of Microsporidia classified to a new genus was observed in the trunk muscle of commercial hake (Merluccius capensis/paradoxus complex) from Namibian fisheries. Macroscopic examination revealed thin and dark filaments inserted among muscle fibers. Inside the filaments were many sporophorous vesicles with about 30–50 spores per vesicle. The shape of the spore was pyriform and the extruded polar filament was of moderate length (up to 4.29 mm, n512). This new species of Microsporidia is described using macrophotography, microphotography, staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as molecular methods. Its 16S rRNA was found to be similar to that of Microsporidium prosopium Kent et al., 1999, while both sequences were quite different from 16S rRNA sequences known for other Microsporidia. Nevertheless, this new species is separated morphologically from M. prosopium by the presence of 11–12 anisofilar coils and the formation of the xenoma at the site of infection. Type species

The species of the genus Entomobrya have bean traditionally identified using colouration. Only some authors have considered a small number of morphological characters, in badly mounted or old specimens, as well as chaetotaxical characters (but not used for species identification). The study of a large series of slides from extensive collections of Entomobrya species with observation of the complete chaetotaxy has demonstrated that specimens with the same colour pattern can have a very different chaetotaxy, which is related with the geographical origin. On the other hand, specimens with similar chaetotaxy but from distant geographical areas maintain the same colour pattern. The present paper proposes a set of both morphological and chaetotaxical characters as a useful tool for the species identification in the genus Entomobrya in connection with the observation of colour pattern. For the selection of this set of characters more than 500 slides from the top-ranking European museums have been studied. Two species of the genus with similar colour pattern but with a different chaetotaxy are used as models for the methodology: E. nivalis (Linnaeus, 1758) and a new species from León (Spain)."By kind permission of Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz; copyright by Senckenberg Görlitz. See also: www.soil-organisms.org"

We propose coefficients for regressions relating dry weight to body or tergite length in Folsomia candida, Entomobrya schoetti, Sminthurus viridis, and Hypogastrura vernalis (Collembola). Measurements were made on large batches of preserved, identified specimens. Batches were dessicated completely by critical-point drying and weighed. We compare our data with other published models and critically review the literature, finding questionable records.

Eight species of Gonatocerus Nees, 1834 (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea Mymaridae) are added to the faunallist of Spain: G. li/oralis (Haliday, 1833 ), G. chrysis Debauche, 1848, G. /hyrides Debauche, 1848, G. longior Soyka, 1946, G. sulphuripes (Forster, 1847), G. pic/us (Haliday, 1833 ), G. minor Matthews, 1986 and G. Dvicena/us Leonard and Crosby, 1915. Species descriptions and details about their distribution and biology are also included. The name G. tremulae Bakkendorf, 1934 is synonymized under G. Dvicena/us. The specimens were collected with a Malaise trap in Cadreita, and with a sweep net in sixty corn fields from 23 localities around Navarra.

Thirteen species of the family Mymaridae Haliday (Hymenoptera, ChaIcidoidea) are added to the faunal list of Navarra (North of Iberian Peninsula): Alaptus fusculus Walker, A. pallidicornis Forster, Anaphes diana (Girault), Cleruchus sp., Dicopus minutissima Enock, Erythmelus flavovarius (Walker), E. panis (Enock), Eustochus atripennis Curtis, Litus cynipseus Haliday, Mymar taprobanicum Ward, Ooctonus vulgatus Haliday, Stephanodes similis (Forster) and Stethynium triclavatum Enock. Details about their European distribution and biology are also included. The specimens were collected with a Malaise trap in the locality of Cadreita, in the South of Navarra, and with a sweep net from corn fields in sixty localities around Navarra.

This is the first record for the subfamily Psychodinae from Ecuador and a new species belonging to genus Arisemus, A. triconnectus, is described.

A new type of photoreceptor for the phylum Arthropoda, found in the class Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) is reported. This new light-sensitive structure consists of a pair of interocular vesicles present in the genus Vesicephalus Richards, 1964 and is anatomically related to the cluster of ommatidia. The absence of a lens, the presence of a rabdome in the upper part of the vesicle and the reflection and refraction of light by a hemolymph bubble with incidence to the rhabdomeric structure are the main traits of this new photoreceptor.

Se da una redescripción de Entomobrya schoetti Stach, 1922. Esta especie ha sido encontrada asociada a una plaga de Sminthurus viridis L. sobre alfalfa en Vergalijo (Navarra, España) en el otoño de 1997. Se capturaron 55.430 ejemplares en cinco minutos, pasando 25 veces una bandeja blanca de plástico sobre la parte superior de las plantas de alfalfa. El color de la especie es muy variable y sólo los ejemplares muy pigmentados pueden utilizarse para caracterizar la especie. Se adjunta una tabla con las medias de las medidas más importantes, tomadas de 22 ejemplares adultos. Se ha realizado el dibujo de la distribución dorsal de las macroquetas, así como los dibujos de los patrones de coloración. Se ha realizado la descripción fotográfica a microscopía electrónica de barrido de algunos caracteres. Del análisis del contenido intestinal se deduce que esta especie se alimenta de hongos y podría contribuir a la dispersión de los hongos en los campos de cultivo.

En este trabajo se describe una plagadeSminthurus viridis L. sobre la alfalfa de los campos de la ribera del rio Arga en Navarra. La plaga apareció en el otoño de 1997. Junto a S. viridis apareció, en grandes cantidades, Entomobrya schuetti Stach, 1922. Esta última especie se encontraba alimentándose de los hongos que crecían en las heridas producidas por S. viridis en las hojas de la alfalfa. Se contaron los individuos de ambas especies en un 10% de la muestra. La proporción de ambas es del 26% (S. viridis) y 74% (E. schoetti) respectivamente. Se ha estimado la población en uno de los campos estudiados en unos 2.000 ejemplares por planta de alfalfa.

Esta investigación constituye un estudio de los mimaridos (hymenoptera, mymaridae) relacionados con el maíz en Navarra. Se han recogido 72 muestras en 60 puntos utilizando dos métodos de muestreo: trampa malaise y captura directa con manga entomológica. La extracción ha sido directa bajo lupa binocular y se han separado 7268 mimaridos de un total de 94038 artrópodos. Representan el 7,72% del total. Estos mimaridos han sido clasificados y separados en 37 especies y 11 géneros diferentes. Los géneros anagrus haliday, 1833 y gonatocerus nees, 1834 han aparecido como los mas relacionados con el cultivo del maíz en Navarra y dos de sus especies las distribuidas mas ampliamente por todo el territorio: anagrus atomus linnaeus, 1767 y gonatocerus litoralis haliday, 1833. se ha comprobado la presencia de la especie zyginidia scutellaris herrich-schaffer, 1838 (homoptera, cicadellidae) en todos los campos de maíz de navarra. Esta especie de cicadelido parece el huésped mas habitual de anagrus atomus. Se ha comprobado la elevada presencia de insectos y de otros artrópodos en los campos de maíz debido a la ausencia de tratamientos químicos contra los insectos perjudiciales.