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1. NO2, BC and PM Exposure of Participants in the Polluscope Autumn 2019 Campaign in the Paris Region

Author

Laura Bouillon, Valérie Gros, Mohammad Abboud, Hafsa El Hafyani, Karine Zeitouni, Stéphanie Alage, Baptiste Languille, Nicolas Bonnaire, Jean-Marc Naude, Salim Srairi, Arthur Campos Y Sansano, and Anne Kauffmann

Subjects
personal exposure, air quality, Île-De-France, portable sensors, urban pollution, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The Polluscope project aims to better understand the personal exposure to air pollutants in the Paris region. This article is based on one campaign from the project, which was conducted in the autumn of 2019 and involved 63 participants equipped with portable sensors (i.e., NO2, BC and PM) for one week. After a phase of data curation, analyses were performed on the results from all participants, as well as on individual participants’ data for case studies. A machine learning algorithm was used to allocate the data to different environments (e.g., transportation, indoor, home, office, and outdoor). The results of the campaign showed that the participants’ exposure to air pollutants depended very much on their lifestyle and the sources of pollution that may be present in the vicinity. Individuals’ use of transportation was found to be associated with higher levels of pollutants, even when the time spent on transport was relatively short. In contrast, homes and offices were environments with the lowest concentrations of pollutants. However, some activities performed in indoor air (e.g., cooking) also showed a high levels of pollution over a relatively short period.

Published
2023
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2. Personal Exposure to Black Carbon, Particulate Matter and Nitrogen Dioxide in the Paris Region Measured by Portable Sensors Worn by Volunteers

Author

Baptiste Languille, Valérie Gros, Bonnaire Nicolas, Cécile Honoré, Anne Kaufmann, and Karine Zeitouni

Subjects
mobile measurements, ambient monitoring, urban pollution, microenvironments, air quality, Île-de-France, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Portable sensors have emerged as a promising solution for personal exposure (PE) measurement. For the first time in Île-de-France, PE to black carbon (BC), particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was quantified based on three field campaigns involving 37 volunteers from the general public wearing the sensors all day long for a week. This successful deployment demonstrated its ability to quantify PE on a large scale, in various environments (from dense urban to suburban, indoor and outdoor) and in all seasons. The impact of the visited environments was investigated. The proximity to road traffic (for BC and NO2), as well as cooking activities and tobacco smoke (for PM), made significant contributions to total exposure (up to 34%, 26%, and 44%, respectively), even though the time spent in these environments was short. Finally, even if ambient outdoor levels played a role in PE, the prominent impact of the different environments suggests that traditional ambient monitoring stations is not a proper surrogate for PE quantification.

Published
2022
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3. Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Impurities In CO2

Author

Armin Wisthaler, Tomas Mikoviny, and Baptiste Languille

Subjects
History, Polymers and Plastics, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Published
2022

5. Atmospheric Emissions of Amino-Methyl-Propanol, Piperazine and Their Degradation Products During the 2019-20 ALIGN-CCUS Campaign at the Technology Centre Mongstad

Author

Eirik Romslo Kleppe, Øyvind Ullestad, Magnus Aronson, Erika Zardin, Christophe Benquet, Audun Drageset, Baptiste Languille, Armin Wisthaler, and Tomas Mikoviny

Subjects
Formamide, Flue gas, chemistry.chemical_compound, Piperazine, Aqueous solution, chemistry, Morpholine, Carbon dioxide, Formaldehyde, Amine gas treating, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

In the frame of the 2019-20 ALIGN-CCUS campaign, the amine plant at the Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) was operated with the CESAR 1 solvent, i.e. an aqueous solution of 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol (AMP) and piperazine (PZ), for removing carbon dioxide from the flue gas of Equinor’s combined cycle gas turbine plant. An online Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) was used for quantifying atmospheric emissions of AMP and PZ, as well as emissions of amine degradation products and solvent impurities. Mean and median AMP levels emitted to the atmosphere over an operational period of 13 weeks were 562 and 377 ppb, respectively. PZ emissions to the atmosphere were much lower, with mean and median levels being 6.0 and 0.4 ppb, respectively. Three small carbonyl species (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone) were emitted at levels of tens to hundreds of ppb. Nitrogen-containing degradation products and impurities of solvent amines with mean emission levels >1 ppb included the following compounds: monomethylamine (MMA), formamide (FA), morpholine (MOR), 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine (DMO), 2-methyl-2-(methylamino)propan-1-ol (MeAMP), 4-acetylmorpholine (AMOR) and a compound with a molecular sum formula of C8H14N2, which we tentatively assigned to an alkylated imidazole or pyrazole. Low (

Published
2021

6. Best practices for the measurement of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, piperazine and their degradation products in amine plant emissions

Author

Magnus Aronson, Eirik Romslo Kleppe, Erika Zardin, Tomas Mikoviny, Øyvind Ullestad, Baptiste Languille, Armin Wisthaler, Audun Drageset, and Christophe Benquet

Subjects
Solvent, Piperazine, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aqueous solution, chemistry, Ion chromatography, Amine gas treating, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

We herein present the chemical-analytical setup used to measure atmospheric emissions of amines and amine degradation products from an amine-based post-combustion carbon capture plant. The emission measurements were carried out at the Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) in Norway, in the frame of the ALIGN-CCUS campaign from September 2019 to January 2020, when the amine plant was operated with the CESAR 1 solvent. This advanced solvent is an aqueous solution of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and piperazine (PZ). Four chemical-analytical techniques were deployed for characterizing emission of AMP, PZ and their degradation products: online Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, online Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS), online Proton-Transfer-Reaction Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (PTR-QMS), as well as manual impinger sampling followed by offline Ion Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (IC-MS) analysis. AMP was detected by all four methods, with the results being in reasonably good agreement. PZ was detected by PTR-TOF-MS, PTR-QMS and IC-MS, but because of the low emission levels (single-digit ppb) the latter two methods suffered from a positive bias (due to an interfering compound) and a large measurement uncertainty, respectively. 17 amine degradation products were only detected by the PTR-ToF-MS analyzer. We present exemplary results from the emission measurements carried out during the ALIGN-CCUS 2019-2020 campaign and share some of the lessons learned from this exercise.

Published
2021

7. A methodology for the characterization of portable sensors for air quality measure with the goal of deployment in citizen science

Author

Cécile Honoré, Karine Zeitouni, Baptiste Languille, Nicolas Bonnaire, Valérie Gros, Clément Pommier, Laurent Gauvin, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Christophe Debert, Basile Chaix, Salim Srairi, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AIRPARIF - Surveillance de la qualité de l'air en Île-de-France, Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Direction Ile-de-France (Cerema Direction Ile-de-France), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 654109 Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR, This project was funded by the French agency: Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR – http://www.agencenationale-recherche.fr/Projet-ANR-15-CE22-0018). Part of the equipment was funded by iDEX Paris -Saclay, in the framework of the project ACE-ICSEN. Measurements from the SIRTA station were performed within the ACTRIS research infrastructure under the H2020 grant agreement 654109. Additional support from CEA and CNRS are acknowledged. Appendix A, ANR-15-CE22-0018,POLLUSCOPE,Observatoire participatif pour la surveillance de l'exposition individuelle à la pollution de l'air en lien avec la santé(2015), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Données et algorithmes pour une ville intelligente et durable - DAVID (DAVID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), HAL UVSQ, Équipe, Observatoire participatif pour la surveillance de l'exposition individuelle à la pollution de l'air en lien avec la santé - - POLLUSCOPE2015 - ANR-15-CE22-0018 - AAPG2015 - VALID, and Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure - ACTRIS-2 - - H20202015-05-01 - 2019-04-30 - 654109 - VALID

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Real-time computing, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Black carbon, Air pollutants, Robustness (computer science), 11. Sustainability, Citizen science, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Air quality index, Nitrogen oxides, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Paris region, Pollution, Ambient air, Personal exposure, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Software deployment, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Mobile measurements, Particulate matter
Abstract

International audience; The field of small air quality sensors is of growing interest within the scientific community, especially because this new technology is liable to improve air pollutant monitoring as well as be used for personal exposure quantification. Amongst the myriad existing devices, the performances are highly variable; this is why the sensors must be rigorously assessed before deployment, according to the intended use. This study is included in the Polluscope project; its purpose is to quantify personal exposure to air pollutants by using portable sensors. This paper designs and applies a methodology for the evaluation of portable air quality sensors to eight devices measuring PM, BC, NO2 and O3. The dedicated testing protocol includes static ambient air measurements compared with reference instruments, controlled chamber and mobility tests, as well as reproducibility evaluation. Three sensors (AE51, Cairclip and Canarin) were retained to be used for the field campaigns. The reliability of their performances were robustly quantified by using several metrics. These three devices (for a total of 36 units) were deployed to be worn by volunteers for a week. The results show the ability of sensors to discriminate between different environments (i.e., cooking, commuting or in an office). This work demonstrates, first, the ability of the three selected sensors to deliver data reliable enough to enable personal exposure estimations, and second, the robustness of this testing methodology.

Published
2020

8. Wood burning: A major source of Volatile Organic Compounds during wintertime in the Paris region

Author

Martial Haeffelin, Paola Formenti, Valérie Gros, Alexia Baudic, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Gilles Foret, Olivier Perrussel, Olivier Favez, Cécile Honoré, François Truong, Cécile Gaimoz, Nicolas Bonnaire, Simone Kotthaus, Marc Delmotte, Vincent Michoud, Anaïs Féron, Franck Maisonneuve, Jean-Eudes Petit, Baptiste Languille, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AIRPARIF - Surveillance de la qualité de l'air en Île-de-France, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Data processing, Environmental Engineering, Data collection, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental Chemistry, Wood burning, Environmental science, Emission inventory, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

Wood burning is widely used for domestic heating and has been identified as a ubiquitous pollution source in urban areas, especially during cold months. The present study is based on a three and a half winter months field campaign in the Paris region measuring Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) in addition to Black Carbon (BC). Several VOCs were identified as strongly wood burning-influenced (e.g., acetic acid, furfural), or traffic-influenced (e.g., toluene, C8-aromatics). Methylbutenone, benzenediol and butandione were identified for the first time as wood burning-related in ambient air. A Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis highlighted that wood burning is the most important source of VOCs during the winter season. (47%). Traffic was found to account for about 22% of the measured VOCs during the same period, whereas solvent use plus background accounted altogether for the remaining fraction. The comparison with the regional emission inventory showed good consistency for benzene and xylenes but revisions of the inventory should be considered for several VOCs such as acetic acid, C9-aromatics and methanol. Finally, complementary measurements acquired simultaneously at other sites in Île-de-France (the Paris region) enabled evaluation of spatial variabilities. The influence of traffic emissions on investigated pollutants displayed a clear negative gradient from roadside to suburban stations, whereas wood burning pollution was found to be fairly homogeneous over the region.

Published
2019

9. Supplementary material to 'Validity and limitations of simple reaction kinetics to calculate concentrations of organic compounds from ion counts in PTR-MS'

Author

Rupert Holzinger, W. Joe F. Acton, William J. Bloss, Martin Breitenlechner, Leigh R. Crilley, Sébastien Dusanter, Marc Gonin, Valerie Gros, Frank N. Keutsch, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Louisa J. Kramer, Jordan E. Krechmer, Baptiste Languille, Nadine Locoge, Felipe Lopez-Hilfiker, Dušan Materić, Sergi Moreno, Eiko Nemitz, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Roland Sarda Esteve, Stéphane Sauvage, Simon Schallhart, Roberto Sommariva, Ralf Tillmann, Sergej Wedel, David R. Worton, Kangming Xu, and Alexander Zaytsev

Published
2019

10. On-chip controlled surfactant-DNA coil-globule transition by rapid solvent exchange using hydrodynamic flow focusing

Author

Shrinivas Venkataraman, Guillaume Tresset, Ciprian Iliescu, Baptiste Languille, Hanry Yu, and Cătălin Mărculescu

Subjects
Surface Properties, Dispersity, Microfluidics, Analytical chemistry, Nanoparticle, Phase Transition, chemistry.chemical_compound, Surface-Active Agents, Pulmonary surfactant, Electrochemistry, Molecule, Animals, General Materials Science, Particle Size, Spectroscopy, Coil-globule transition, Surfaces and Interfaces, DNA, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques, Condensed Matter Physics, Bacteriophage lambda, Solvent, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Hydrodynamics, Nanoparticles, Cattle
Abstract

This paper presents a microfluidic method for precise control of the size and polydispersity of surfactant–DNA nanoparticles. A mixture of surfactant and DNA dispersed in 35% ethanol is focused between two streams of pure water in a microfluidic channel. As a result, a rapid change of solvent quality takes place in the central stream, and the surfactant-bound DNA molecules undergo a fast coil–globule transition. By adjusting the concentrations of DNA and surfactant, fine-tuning of the nanoparticle size, down to a hydrodynamic diameter of 70 nm with a polydispersity index below 0.2, can be achieved with a good reproducibility.

Published
2014

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