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Summary Background Worldwide, 200 million girls and women have been subjected to female genital mutilation. To restore the clitoral function and vulvar anatomy, clitoral repair has been performed since the 2000s. Nevertheless, there is a lack of precise and comprehensive data on the clitoral anatomy during surgical repair. This study aimed to precisely describe the terminal anatomies of the dorsal nerve and artery of the clitoris, and the clitoral neurovascular flap advancement for reconstruction in patients with female genital mutilation. Methods This study was performed on seven fresh female cadavers. The site of origin, diameter, length, and trajectory of each nerve and artery were recorded. The clitoral neurovascular flap advancement was measured after a midline transection of the suspensory ligament was performed and after extensive liberation of the dorsal bundles at their emergence from the pubic rami. Results At the distal point of the clitoral body, the width of the dorsal nerve and artery was 1.9 ± 0.3 mm and 0.9 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. The total length of the dorsal bundles was 6.6 cm (± 0.4). The midpart of the suspensory ligament was sectioned, which allowed a mean anteroposterior mobility of 2.7 cm (± 0.2). Extensive dissection of the neurovascular bundles up to their point of emergence from the suspensory ligament allowed a mean mobility of 3.4 ± 0.2 cm. Conclusion We described the anatomical characteristics of the dorsal nerve and artery of the clitoris and the mobility of the clitoral neurovascular flap for reconstruction post clitoridectomy. This was done to restore the anatomic position of the glans clitoris while preserving and potentially restoring clitoral function in patients with female genital mutilation.

Resume Objectif La perte de substance totale de la levre inferieure est rare et sa reconstruction difficile. Les enjeux sont aussi bien esthetiques que fonctionnels. La suspension de la levre inferieure est essentielle pour restaurer la continence labiale. Nous rapportons une technique originale et simple de suspension par double haubanage nasogenien. Methode Deux lambeaux orbitonasogeniens a base superieure, etendus sur plusieurs centimetres sous les commissures labiales sont leves et completement desepidermises. Ils sont ensuite tunnelises et fixes a la levre inferieure reconstruite afin de lui assurer une suspension efficace aux maxillaires. Resultats Dans notre experience, nous avons utilise le haubanage nasogenien associe a une reconstruction totale de la levre inferieure pour trois patients avec une continence labiale assuree a long terme. L’etude de la litterature montre que l’utilisation des lambeaux locoregionaux conventionnels retablit une bonne continence labiale mais reste limitee a des pertes de substance subtotales. Les lambeaux pedicules a distance ou libres realises sans suspension ne restaurent pas la continence labiale. Plusieurs techniques d’haubanage de la levre inferieure par bandelettes de fascia lata ou tendon du long palmaire, associees ou non a un lambeau libre, semblent apporter une continence labiale de la levre inferieure satisfaisante. Tous ces procedes sont peu standardises et techniquement difficiles a realiser. Conclusion La technique du double haubanage nasogenien que nous decrivons semble etre une alternative efficace et interessante par sa simplicite, sa reproductibilite et son adaptabilite. Elle permet d’obtenir un plan posterieur parfaitement fixe, capable de recevoir n’importe quel moyen de couverture externe.

Resume Introduction La reconstruction mammaire par implant presente des inconvenients a long terme et conduit un nombre croissant de patientes a demander une chirurgie secondaire de correction. Deux strategies chirurgicales sont possibles : le changement d’implant (associe a des gestes de capsulectomie/capsulotomie et/ou lipofilling) et le retrait d’implant associe a l’apport d’un tissu autologue (lambeau et/ou lipofilling). Methode Entre 2010 et 2018, 54 patientes ont beneficie d’une chirurgie secondaire de correction d’une premiere reconstruction mammaire par implant. Les motifs d’insatisfaction de la reconstruction initiale, les interventions realisees et les complications postoperatoires ont ete analyses. Le bien-etre et la satisfaction des patientes ont ete evalues au moyen du questionnaire BREAST-Q. Resultats Trente-quatre patientes ont beneficie d’un changement de prothese et 20 patientes d’un retrait definitif de leur prothese associe a l’apport d’un tissu autologue. La presence d’une coque periprothetique, la douleur, l’aspect fige du sein et l’asymetrie mammaire etaient les motifs d’insatisfaction les plus frequents. Avec un recul moyen de 2,6 ans, les patientes ayant beneficie d’une conversion autologue etaient globalement plus satisfaites de l’aspect de leurs seins que les patientes ayant conserve un implant mammaire (p Conclusion En cas de mauvais resultat esthetique ou fonctionnel d’une reconstruction mammaire par implant, le retrait de la prothese associe a une reconstruction autologue donne de meilleurs resultats en termes de bien-etre et de satisfaction que le changement d’implant.

Background Short leukocyte telomere length (TL) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Endothelial repair plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. The objective was to examine associations between TL and proliferative dynamics of endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFCs), which behave as progenitor cells displaying endothelial repair activity. Methods and Results To isolate ECFCs, we performed a clonogenic assay on blood samples from 116 participants (aged 24–94 years) in the TELARTA (Telomere in Arterial Aging) cohort study. We detected no ECFC clones in 29 (group 1), clones with no replating capacity in other 29 (group 2), and clones with replating capacity in the additional 58 (group 3). Leukocyte TL was measured by Southern blotting and ECFCs (ECFC‐TL). Age‐ and sex‐adjusted leukocyte TL (mean±SEM) was the shortest in group 1 (6.51±0.13 kb), longer in group 2 (6.69±0.13 kb), and the longest in group 3 (6.78±0.09 kb) ( P P P r =0.82; P Conclusions Individuals with longer telomeres display a higher number of self‐renewing ECFCs. Our results also indicate that leukocyte TL, as a proxy of TL dynamics in ECFCs, could be used as a surrogate marker of endothelial repair capacity in clinical and laboratory practice because of easy accessibility of leukocytes. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02176941.

Background: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) represents approximately 15% of all breast cancer. It confers a poorer prognosis relative to the other breast cancer subtypes, with an increased likelihood of recurrence and death within 5 years of diagnosis. There is no standard of care specifically for patients presenting with TNBC. Altered amino acid metabolism have been shown to play a role in TNBC. Eryaspase, asparaginase (ASNase) encapsulated in red blood cells (RBCs) is an investigational product under development. Following infusion, asparagine and glutamine are actively transported into RBCs where they are hydrolyzed by the encapsulated ASNase. In a recent randomized Phase 2b study, eryaspase has demonstrated evidence of improved overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) and acceptable safety when combined with gemcitabine or FOLFOX therapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer whose disease progressed following first-line treatment (NCT02195180). The demonstration of ASNase activity of eryaspase in combination with chemotherapy including DNA-damaging agents in both preclinical and clinical settings provide a rationale to further test combination in TNBC. Methods: TRYbeCA-2 is an international, randomized, open-label Phase 2/3 trial (N=64 for Phase 2) of eryaspase combined with chemotherapy in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic TNBC who have not received prior systemic therapy for locally recurrent or metastatic disease. Patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive gemcitabine/carboplatin with or without eryaspase, administered as IV infusion on Day 1 and Day 8 of each 3-week cycle. Key eligibility criteria include measurable lesion(s), performance status 0 or 1, and adequate organ function. The primary endpoint is the objective response rate (ORR) as determined by an independent radiological review. Key secondary endpoints include ORR as determined by the investigator’s assessment, clinical benefit rate, overall survival, progression-free survival, safety, biomarker research, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. A steering committee will be established to review safety at regular intervals and to review safety and efficacy data at the end of the Phase 2 to determine whether or not to proceed to Phase 3. The study is planned in European countries. Several sites have already been initiated and at least one patient was enrolled at the time of submitting this abstract. Citation Format: Ahmad Awada, Javier Cortes, Sarah Slater, Iain MacPherson, Tibor Csoszi, Jean-Baptiste Bertrand, Anne-Sophie Clermont, Rachel Pollard, Romain Chrestia-Blanchine, Nigel Biswas-Baldwin, Hagop Youssoufian, Iman El-Hariry. TRYbeCA-2: A randomized phase 2/3 study of eryaspase in combination with gemcitabine and carboplatin chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic or locally recurrent triple-negative breast cancer (NCT03674242) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-08-02.

Background Even though the manufacturing processes of the stromal vascular fraction for clinical use are performed in compliance with the good manufacturing practices applying to advanced therapy medicinal products, specifications related to stromal vascular fraction quality remain poorly defined. We analyzed stromal vascular fraction clinical batches from two independent good manufacturing practices-compliant manufacturing facilities, the Swiss Stem Cell Foundation (SSCF) and Marseille University Hospitals (AP-HM), with the goal of defining appropriate and harmonized release acceptance criteria. Methods This retrospective analysis reviewed the biological characteristics of 364 batches of clinical-grade stromal vascular fraction. Collected data included cell viability, recovery yield, cell subset distribution of stromal vascular fraction, and microbiological quality. Results Stromal vascular fraction from SSCF cohort demonstrated a higher viability (89.33% ± 4.30%) and recovery yield (2.54 × 105 ± 1.22 × 105 viable nucleated cells (VNCs) per mL of adipose tissue) than stromal vascular fraction from AP-HM (84.20% ± 5.96% and 2.25 × 105 ± 1.11 × 105 VNCs per mL). AP-HM batches were significantly less contaminated (95.71% of sterile batches versus 74.15% for SSCF batches). The cell subset distribution was significantly different (higher proportion of endothelial cells and lower proportion of leukocytes and pericytes in SSCF cohort). Conclusions Both centers agreed that a good manufacturing practices-compliant stromal vascular fraction batch should exert a viability equal or superior to 80%, a minimum recovery yield of 1.50 × 105 VNCs per mL of adipose tissue, a proportion of adipose-derived stromal cells at least equal to 20%, and a proportion of leukocytes under 50%. In addition, a multiparameter gating strategy for stromal vascular fraction analysis is proposed.

SUMMARY This article and instructional video detail a step-by-step approach to performing the Y-V venous pedicle lengthening technique, which can be used to increase the reach of the submental artery island flap by up to 5 cm, permitting reconstruction of soft-tissue defects of the middle and upper thirds of the face. This technique can also be used to maximize advancement of many common flaps around the body, including the medial plantar and lateral arm flaps.

Breast reconstruction by abdominal flap has evolved to ensure minimal donor-site morbidity with the description of Deep Inferior Epigastric artery Perforator flap (DIEP flap). Being of the same thickness and the same surface, the Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery flap (SIEA flap) does not require, for it harvesting, to open the abdominal fascia or to dissect through the muscles minimizing again donor-site sequelae. However, it is little used because of the variability of its vascularization and a higher failure rate than the DIEP in the literature. We believe that it is reasonable, in some cases, to harvest a SIEA flap instead of DIEP flap in mammary reconstruction. We present a technical note explaining our operative strategy for reliably taking a SIEA when the caliber of the vessels allows.

Summary Background The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is largely used in breast reconstruction. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the advantage of the LD flap in association with an implant to that of LD flap in association with lipofilling to add additional volume following breast reconstruction by assessing the number of revision procedures, length of hospitalization, complication rate, and patient satisfaction. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate complication rate, number and type of revision procedures required, hospitalization time, and overall duration of the reconstructive process in patients undergoing LD breast reconstruction in our department between January 2012 and March 2015. Patient satisfaction was assessed using BREAST-Q®. Results Ninety-five breast reconstructions performed on 90 patients were included. In 38 patients, 42 breasts were reconstructed using LD flap in association with lipofilling (Group 1). In the remaining 52 patients, 53 breast reconstructions were performed using LD flap in association with an implant (Group 2). Findings concerning total hospitalization time, overall duration of the reconstructive process, and the distribution of supplementary surgical procedures demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the two groups. However, the surgical complication rate was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (14.2% vs. 18.8%, respectively). Regarding BREAST-Q, a detailed analysis of the “satisfaction with breasts” domain showed a higher score for Group 1 than for Group 2. Conclusions The association of a breast implant with LD reconstruction does not decrease breast reconstruction time in terms of the number of revision procedures and hospitalization time, exposes patients to a higher complication rate, and does not improve patient satisfaction.

International audience; The European Commission (EC) in Brussels is often seen as a European-minded “body” of privileged civil servants. However, at the heart of this institution today, different types of workers exist, under various professional statuses. While looking closer at the social morphology, the diversity of backgrounds, and at hybridisation within the EC, it is clear that there is a certain gap between the positions of permanent and non-permanent workers. In this paper, we will focus on this population of skilled workers. We will try to depict the migratory paths, and social backgrounds of those that are said to be entering the institution through the “small door”. 1234 questionnaires, 22 interviews, and a certain number of observations and notes have been analysed in order to develop a critical discussion on the EC staff conditions of work and life. We will then explore comparatively, both the experiences and representations of this skilled yet “precarious” youth, coming from different European countries. The spatial and social inequalities at the centre of this European transnational “elite” are at the core of our analysis.; La Commission européenne (CE) à Bruxelles est souvent vue comme un corps de fonctionnaires privilégiés à la fibre européenne. Cependant, au cœur de cette institution aujourd’hui, existent différents types de travailleurs sous des statuts professionnels variés. Regarder de plus près la morphologie sociale et la diversité des situations que connaissent ces travailleurs périphériques, ainsi que le phénomène d’hybridation au sein de la CE, fait apparaît assez clairement un certain fossé entre la position de permanents et de non-permanents. Dans cet article nous nous intéressons à cette population de travailleurs qualifiés en emploi temporaire. Ce faisant, nous essayons de dresser un portrait du passé migratoire, scolaire et/ou professionnel, ainsi que des origines sociales de ce personnel, rentré dans l’institution par la « petite porte ». 1234 questionnaires, 22 entretiens et un certain nombre de note d’observations ont été analysés afin de développer une discussion critique sur les conditions de travail et de vie de ce personnel. Nous explorons comparativement également à la fois les expériences et les représentations de ces jeunes qualifiés, en situation de « précarité » de l’emploi, provenant de différents pays européens. Les inégalités spatiales et sociales à l’intérieur de cette « élite » transnationale européenne sont le fil conducteur de nos analyses.

ObjectiveThe autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from adipose tissue is an alternative to cultured adipose-derived stem cells for use in regenerative medicine and represents a promising therapy for vasculopathy and hand disability in systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, the bioactivity of autologous SVF is not documented in this disease context. This study aimed to compare the molecular and functional profiles of the SVF-based medicinal product obtained from SSc and healthy subjects.MethodsGood manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade SVF from 24 patients with SSc and 12 healthy donors (HD) was analysed by flow cytometry to compare the distribution of the CD45− and CD45+ haematopoietic cell subsets. The ability of SVF to form a vascular network was assessed using Matrigel in vivo assay. The transcriptomic and secretory profiles of the SSc-SVF were assessed by RNA sequencing and multiplex analysis, respectively, and were compared with the HD-SVF.ResultsThe distribution of the leucocyte, endothelial, stromal, pericyte and transitional cell subsets was similar for SSc-SVF and HD-SVF. SSc-SVF retained its vasculogenic capacity, but the density of neovessels formed in SVF-loaded Matrigel implanted in nude mice was slightly decreased compared with HD-SVF. SSc-SVF displayed a differential molecular signature reflecting deregulation of angiogenesis, endothelial activation and fibrosis.ConclusionsOur study provides the first evidence that SSc does not compromise the vascular repair capacity of SVF, supporting its use as an innovative autologous biotherapy. The characterisation of the specific SSc-SVF molecular profile provides new perspectives for delineating markers of the potency of SVF and its targets for the treatment of SSc.

The reconstruction of the columella is challenging and poorly evaluated in the literature. Our study aimed to evaluate retrospectively the different techniques used in our center and to propose an algorithm of reconstruction adapted to each patient. We report a retrospective cohort study included 18 patients (9 men and 9 women; 53 years-old in average) with columellar reconstruction treated from 1999 through 2014. Six different techniques were used: chondrocutaneous graft, nasolabial flap, paramedian forehead flap and scalping flap according to the Converse technique or the Raulo technique. Four independent plastic surgeons evaluated the aesthetic result on a 10 cm visual analogue scale comparing the patients' photographs before and after the reconstruction. Furthermore, we asked the patients to perform the same evaluation, and to evaluate their level of satisfaction. The mean follow-up was 4 years. Three chondrocutaneous grafts were performed to reconstruct partial defects (Surgical Evaluation (SE): 7.9, Patient Evaluation (PE): 8.3).Three bilateral nasolabial flaps (SE: 6.1, PE: 6.7), 5 paramedian forehead flap (SE: 6.9, PE: 7.3) 6 Converse scalping flap (SE: 4.9, PE: 5.4) and 1 Raulo scalping flap (SE: 6,1, PE: 6,3) were performed to reconstruct total defects exceeding the columella. The use of composite graft was the most satisfactory procedure for partial defects. Paramedian forehead flaps and Raulo scalping flap were the most satisfactory procedures for extended defects. Nasolabial flap was the most adapted procedure for patients with general anesthesia contraindication or for defects extended to the lip.

The tracheostomy procedure presents some long term complications such as the depressed scar. It can be responsible for a tracheal tug, invaginated scar, inaesthetic scar or all of them. No consensus has emerged in the treatment of this type of pathological scarring. We want to propose a new surgical approach to correct all these three pathological scarring mechanism by a subcutaneous flap in single operation.

International audience; Background External radiotherapy has become indispensable in oncological therapies. Unfortunately, radiation is responsible for serious side effects, such as radiodermatitis. The skin is weakened and ulcerated. Our study aimed to evaluate the subcutaneous transfer of microfat (MF) alone and two mixes: MF + Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and MF + stromal vascular fraction (SVF) to treat radiation-induced skin lesions.Method We defined randomly five experimental groups of nine mice: 1 healthy control group and 4 irradiated (60 Grey) and treated groups. The skin lesions were treated 3 months after irradiation by MF, MF + PRP (50%–50%), MF + SVF (90%–10%) or Ringer-lactate subcutaneous injections. Wound healing was evaluated at 1, 2 and 3 months post-injection and histological wound analysis at 3 months, after euthanasia.Results All the irradiated mice presented with wounds. After sham-injection, the wound area increased by 91.1 ± 71.1% versus a decrease of 15.9 ± 23.1% after MF alone (NS), 27.3 ± 23.8% after MF + SVF (NS) and 76.4 ± 7.7% after MF + PRP (P = 0.032). A significative reduction of skin thickness in wound periphery was measured for the three treated groups compared to sham-injection (P < 0.05) but not in the healed wounds (NS). The most important subcutaneous neo-vessel density was shown after MF + SVF injection.Conclusion The MF + PRP mix was the most efficient product to increase healing. The MF + SVF mix showed the highest rate of neo-angiogenesis but was disappointing in terms of healing.

International audience; Most cochlear implants (CIs) stimulate the auditory nerve with trains of symmetric biphasic pulses consisting of two phases of opposite polarity. Animal and human studies have shown that both polarities can elicit neural responses. In human CI listeners, studies have shown that at suprathreshold levels, the anodic phase is more effective than the cathodic phase. In contrast, animal studies usually show the opposite trend. Although the reason for this discrepancy remains unclear, computational modelling results have proposed that the degeneration of the peripheral processes of the neurons could lead to a higher efficiency of anodic stimulation. We tested this hypothesis in ten guinea pigs who were deafened with an injection of sysomycin and implanted with a single ball electrode inserted in the first turn of the cochlea. Animals were tested at regular intervals between 1 week after deafening and up to 1 year for some of them. Our hypothesis was that if the effect of polarity is determined by the presence or absence of peripheral processes, the difference in polarity efficiency should change over time because of a progressive neural degeneration. Stimuli consisted of charge-balanced symmetric and asymmetric pulses allowing us to observe the response to each polarity individually. For all stimuli, the inferior colliculus evoked potential was measured. Results show that the cathodic phase was more effective than the anodic phase and that this remained so even several months after deafening. This suggests that neural degeneration cannot entirely account for the higher efficiency of anodic stimulation observed in human CI listeners.

International audience

Total lower lip defect is rare and its reconstruction difficult. The challenges are both aesthetic and functional. Suspension of the lower lip is essential for restoring oral competence. We report an original and simple technique of suspension by double nasolabial rigging.Two upper base orbitonasolabial flaps, extended over several centimeters below the lip commissures are raised. The epidermis is completely removed. Then, the flaps are tunneled under the skin and fixed to the reconstructed lower lip in order to provide it with effective suspension to the maxillary.In our experience, we used the nasolabial rigging associated with a total reconstruction of the lower lip for three patients. Lip continence is effective in the long term. The review of literature shows that the use of conventional locoregional flaps restores a good labial competence but is limited to subtotal lower lip defect. Distant pedicled flaps or free flaps made without suspension of the lower lip don't restore the labial competence. Several procedures to suspend the lower lip with strips of fascia lata or tendon of palmaris longus, associated or not with a free flap, seem to provide satisfactory oral competence. All these techniques are poorly standardized and technically difficult.The technique of the double nasolabial rigging that we describe seems to be an effective and interesting alternative by its simplicity, its reproducibility and its adaptability. It allows to obtain a perfectly fixed posterior plane, able to receive any reconstruction of the lower lip.

Summary Background To minimize the risk of viscera exposure for parietal or calverial reconstruction after tumor removal, we used the two-stage free flap strategy. The flap was transferred a few days before tumor resection and left in a standby position until the second stage. Patients and method We conducted a retrospective monocentric study. All patients who underwent reconstruction with the two-stage free flap strategy after tumor resection since 2000 were included. Results We performed 14 two-stage flaps (8 for calvaria, 3 for abdomen, and 3 for thorax) on 12 patients. The average skin paddle surface was 318 cm2. The mean operative time was 274 min for the first stage and 172 min for the second stage. The average time between the two stages was 8.8 days (2 to 24 days). One flap necrosis, one venous thrombosis, and one hematoma were observed after the first stage. Partial skin paddle necrosis (2 flaps) and infections (3 flaps) occurred after the second stage. The mean follow-up was 20 months (6 to 61 months), and two patients had tumor recurrence. Conclusions The two-stage free flap strategy is another option for major oncological reconstructions, to be safe and reliable some rules must be followed. The flap must contain a large skin paddle to ensure flap autonomization and to allow for complete tight plication of the flap between the two stages, which limits germ colonization. A short delay between the two stages (

Importance Patients with scarred vocal folds, whether congenitally or after phonosurgery, often exhibit dysphonia that negatively affects daily life and is difficult to treat. The autologous adipose tissue–derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) is a readily accessible source of cells with angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties. Objective To evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of local injections of autologous ADSVF in patients with scarred vocal folds. Design, Setting, and Participants CELLCORDES (Innovative Treatment for Scarred Vocal Cords by Local Injection of Autologous Stromal Vascular Fraction) is a prospective, open-label, single-arm, single-center, nonrandomized controlled trial with a 12-month follow-up and patient enrollment from April 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017. Eight patients with severe dysphonia attributable to vocal fold scarring associated with a congenital malformation or resulting from microsurgical sequelae (voice handicap index score >60 of 120) completed the study. Data analysis was performed from September 1, 2018, to January 1, 2019. Interventions Injection of ADSVF into 1 or 2 vocal folds. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were feasibility and the number and severity of adverse events associated with ADSVF-based therapy. The secondary outcomes were changes in vocal assessment, videolaryngostroboscopy, self-evaluation of dysphonia, and quality of life at 1, 6, and 12 months after cell therapy. Results Seven women and 1 man (mean [SD] age, 44.6 [10.4] years) were enrolled in this study. Adverse events associated with liposuction and ADSVF injection occurred; most of them resolved spontaneously. One patient received minor treatment to drain local bruising, and another experienced a minor contour defect at the liposuction site. At 12 months, the voice handicap index score was improved in all patients, with a mean (SD) improvement from baseline of 40.1 (21.5) points. Seven patients (88%) were considered to be responders, defined as improvement by 18 points or more in the voice handicap index score (the minimum clinically important difference). Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that autologous ADSVF injection in scarred vocal folds is feasible and tolerable. The findings require confirmation in a randomized clinical trial with a larger population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02622464

After immediate implant-based breast reconstruction (IIBR) following skin-sparing mastectomy, postoperative complications such as implant exposure or badly defined mammary folds can occur. Acellular dermal matrix can provide good esthetic outcomes but remain expensive. This study evaluates a new technique of one-stage IIBR by using a modified serratus anterior fascia flap (MSFF group), providing lower implant coverage, as compared to the classical submuscular technique. In this retrospective study, we included all patients who underwent IIBR using either the MSFF technique or the classic technique between November 2012 and February 2015. We collected data regarding demographics, perioperative factors, postoperative complications, patient satisfaction (Breast-Q score), and esthetic outcomes. One hundred twenty-three patients who underwent IIBR, of which 61 breasts (59 patients) using the MSFF and 67 breasts (64 patients) the classical technique, were included. The size of the implants used were significantly higher in the MSFF group (p = 0.036). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to the immediate complications rate. After a mean follow-up of 43.9 months, we observed more capsular contractures in the classic group (p 0.001). In the classic group, patients required more revision surgeries (p = 0.008), more implant changes (p 0.001), and higher volume of additional lipofilling (p 0.001). According to the Breast Q scores, patients' satisfaction was better in the MSFF group regarding their breasts (p = 0.001) and the outcomes (p = 0.009). The MSFF is a simple, safe, effective, and inexpensive autologous technique for IIBR, which improves implant coverage with a vascularized flap and provides satisfying outcomes as compared to classic IIBR, with less complications.

Resume Introduction Les infections sont une complication frequente lors des reconstructions par prothese totale massive du genou (PTMG) apres resection tumorale large. En cas d’indication de couverture par lambeaux libre, les lambeaux musculaires sont le plus souvent preferes. Nous presentons ici une technique de sauvetage du membre par lambeau libre fasciocutane antero-lateral de cuisse (ALC). Methode Trois patients ayant une infection de PTMG apres exerese de sarcome du femur ont beneficie d’un lambeau ALC libre. Le prelevement du lambeau et la reimplantation de la prothese ont ete realises en deux temps operatoires. Resultats Le transfert du lambeau et le remplacement de la prothese ont ete realises sans complication. Apres deux ans, les membres ont pu etre conserves sans recidive infectieuse. Conclusion Le lambeau libre ALC represente une solution efficace de couverture en cas d’infection de PTMG et peut-etre considere comme une alternative valable aux lambeaux musculaires libres.

Introduction The gastrocnemius muscular flap has already proven its efficiency for soft tissue coverage in cases of knee joint exposure. However, it may be too small to cover large defects and has not the same aesthetic and mechanical properties as normal skin. Perforator fasciocutaneous flaps have recently been described in knee joint coverage with good results as they replace skin by skin, but they can be hard to harvest. Gastrocnemius flaps can be easily harvested with a planned skin paddle designed over the chosen muscle. This simple technique combines the advantages of muscular and fasciocutaneous flaps for knee joint area coverage. Perforator fasciocutaneous flap take a growing place in coverage of this localization in recent literature, but very few articles report the results of gastrocnemius myocutaneous flaps (MCFs). Methods All patients who underwent knee joint coverage with the use of a lateral or medial gastrocnemius MCFs between January 2012 and February 2017 in our university institution were included in this retrospective study. Results Sixteen gastrocnemius MCFs (10 medial and 6 lateral) were performed. The indication was posttraumatic in 5 cases, posttumoral in 5 cases, and after total knee prosthesis exposure in 6 cases. Skin paddles up to 15 cm in width and 18 cm in length were harvested. Complete healing was achieved in 15 days in all cases without suffering or nonunion. Three flaps were secondarily raised to allow total knee prosthesis reimplantation or arthrodesis, and 4 patients were treated with postoperative radiotherapy without complication. Conclusions In addition to its reliability and very easy harvesting, the gastrocnemius MCF allows a robust joint coverage and good skin resurfacing that makes eventual revision easier and allows early radiotherapy. Furthermore, skin paddle also increases the effective area of the flap. This technique should always be considered with the other classic alternatives.

Resume La microstructure des cordes vocales est complexe et peut etre alteree par une microchirurgie laryngee. On peut alors observer un etat cicatriciel n’autorisant plus le decouplage mecanique entre epithelium et muscle, responsable de difficultes vibratoires a l’origine d’une dysphonie invalidante. Les possibilites therapeutiques actuelles sont reduites et souvent inefficaces sur la vibration : elles n’apportent qu’un effet volumateur limitant la fuite glottique. L’objectif de cette revue de la litterature etait double : i) decrire l’etat actuel de la litterature quant a l’interet de la therapie cellulaire dans la prise en charge des cordes vocales cicatricielles ; ii) analyser l’interet therapeutique de la fraction vasculaire stromale d’origine adipeuse parmi l’arsenal therapeutique preexistant. Notre recherche sur PubMed® en septembre 2016 a reference les articles originaux de langue anglaise ou francaise traitant de l’usage des cellules souches dans la prise en charge des cordes vocales cicatricielles. Vingt-sept articles publies entre 2003 et 2016 repondaient aux criteres de selection. Les cellules souches mesenchymateuses etaient les plus utilisees, majoritairement extraites de la moelle osseuse ou du tissu adipeux. Quatre etudes etaient realisees in vitro sur fibroblastes et dix-huit in vivo chez l’animal. Les criteres d’evaluation etaient : i) l’analyse de la cicatrisation (morphologie macroscopique et microscopique, proprietes viscoelastiques, matrice extracellulaire, fibroblastes) ; ii) l’evaluation de la survie et differenciation des cellules souches. Ces etudes demontrent l’action benefique des cellules souches mesenchymateuses, notamment d’origine adipeuse. Par ailleurs, la fraction vasculaire stromale possede des proprietes qui pourraient permettre d’ameliorer ces resultats, en facilitant la logistique de production.

Vocal fold microstructure is complex and can be affected by laryngeal microsurgery, inducing scarring that prevents mechanical uncoupling of epithelium and muscle, leading to vibration disorder and disabling dysphonia. Treatment options presently are few, and often without efficacy for vibration, having only an impact on volume to reduce glottal closure defect. The present review of the literature had two aims: (i) to report the current state of the literature on cell therapy in vocal fold scarring; and (ii) to analyze the therapeutic interest of the adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in the existing therapeutic armamentarium. A PubMed® search conducted in September 2016 retrieved English or French-language original articles on the use of stem cells to treat vocal fold scarring. Twenty-seven articles published between 2003 and 2016 met the study selection criteria. Mesenchymal stem cells were most widely used, mainly derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue. Four studies were performed in vitro on fibroblasts, and 18 in vivo on animals. End-points comprised: (i) scar analysis (macro- and micro-scopic morphology, viscoelastic properties, extracellular matrix, fibroblasts); and (ii) assessment of stem cell survival and differentiation. The studies testified to the benefit of mesenchymal stem cells, and especially those of adipose derivation. The stromal vascular fraction exhibits properties that might improve results by facilitating production logistics.

Resume Introduction La mastectomie bilaterale de reassignation sexuelle vers l’homme est la premiere et souvent l’unique intervention chirurgicale permettant au patient transsexuel d’acceder physiquement au sexe masculin. C’est une chirurgie specialisee necessitant un accompagnement psychologique particulier. L’objectif de notre etude etait d’evaluer la satisfaction des patients operes de mastectomie bilaterale de reassignation vers le sexe masculin et l’impact sur leur vie sociale et personnelle. Materiel et methode L’ensemble des 22 patients operes entre janvier 2012 et mars 2013 pour mastectomie bilaterale de reassignation ont ete contacte par courrier pour etre inclus dans l’etude. La satisfaction apres intervention etait mesuree par auto-questionnaire adapte du questionnaire de reconstruction mammaire du Q-Breast modifie pour la chirurgie de reassignation sexuelle. Un score global superieur a 320/378 etait considere comme « tout a fait satisfaisant ». Resultats Seize patients sur 22 (73 %) ont repondu au questionnaire. Le score moyen etait de 332/378, correspondant a un resultat « tout a fait satisfaisant ». Le score d’evaluation du bien-etre psychologique etait de 54,5/60. Conclusion Notre etude a confirme le benefice reel de la chirurgie de mastectomie bilaterale dans le processus de reassignation sexuelle vers l’homme, a la fois en termes de qualite de vie et de confiance en soi. Les patients ont rapporte une importante satisfaction quelle que soit la technique utilisee et une amelioration de l’integration sociale apres chirurgie. Cependant, cette chirurgie ne doit s’envisager que dans le cadre d’une prise en charge globale par une equipe multidisciplinaire experimentee.

Defects involving several aesthetic subunits (ASUs) or lying at the junction of an ASU are challenging and require a complex reconstruction. This study aimed to describe the hemi-tip as a new ASU.We conducted a retrospective study including patients who underwent a nasal reconstruction for lower nasal pyramid defects according to our modified ASU principle. Patients who suffered from a subtotal alar defect, which also involved50% of the tip, were reconstructed after excising the remaining tissue of the hemi-tip subunit. An aesthetic evaluation was performed using a patient satisfaction scale and by independent raters.From 2010 to 2014, 21 patients underwent a lower hemi-nose reconstruction. All patients had a full-thickness defect and underwent a reconstruction of the three layers of the nose. Sixty-four percent of our patients were very satisfied, 26% were satisfied, and only 10% were unsatisfied with their nasal tip appearance, with a mean score of 4.4/5. The nasal tip was also rated by independent raters with a mean score of 4.1/5.Our results and experience showed that a midline scar between the two hemi-tips is inconspicuous. The majority of the defects involving only one side of the tip would benefit from the hemi-tip ASU reconstruction.We have modified the number of ASUs by considering the hemi-tip as a proper subunit.

Fat grafting has emerged as a reference procedure in daily plastic surgery practice. Unpredictable fat resorption is the main clinical problem. For this purpose, the addition of PRP to enhance fat revascularization is now an easy and popular procedure. However, no consensus exists regarding the respective volume of fat and PRP used to obtain the ideal mixture. This study investigated the rheological properties of microfat mixed with different proportions of PRP. Results obtained were compared with commercialized hyaluronic acid fillers. Microfat and PRP preparations were performed using standardized techniques. Lipoaspirate residue and blood were obtained from six patients undergoing aesthetic facial microlipofilling. Elastic modulus G’ and tan δ (proportion of elasticity versus fluidity) were obtained for the following conditions: microfat alone and microfat mixed with 10, 30 or 50% of PRP. An expected decrease in elastic modulus was observed by adding increase volumes of PRP. Two groups of products with different rheological properties were considered based on statistical differences highlighted regarding the value of G’. Mean tan δ varied from 0.20 ± 0.04 (microfat alone) to 0.28 ± 0.08 (50% microfat/50% PRP). Microfat mixed with 10% of PRP presents consistency comparable to stiffer fillers, whereas microfat mixed with 30 or 50% corresponds to softer fillers. Rheological differences were highlighted given the proportion of PRP added to the microfat. Further studies assessing the impact of increased doses of platelets in microfat/PRP mixtures on clinical outcomes should also be investigated. Our findings will help clinicians to choose a mixture that meets their specific needs for a given indication. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Resume But de l’etude Cinq cas d’une meme malformation congenitale du nez sont presentes, dont il ne semble pas exister d’equivalent dans la litterature. Cette malformation touche l’arete nasale et le supra-tip. Nous souhaitions presenter cette pathologie. Patients et methodes Cinq patients presentant une malformation nasale congenitale similaire non decrite dans la litterature ont ete pris en charge entre 1994 et 2014. Ces patients ont ete examines afin de decrire finement la malformation. Des analyses genetiques et histologiques ont ete realisees. Leur prise en charge diagnostique et therapeutique a ete discutee. Resultats La malformation decrite presente 4 composantes : une masse de tissu mou situee au niveau du tiers moyen de l’arrete nasale, les domes des cartilages alaires qui sont refoules et deformes vers le bas et en dehors par la masse, un defaut de soutien de la pointe et une atrophie cutanee mediane. Ils ne presentent pas d’autres anomalies de la ligne mediane. L’analyse histologique n’a pas apporte d’element diagnostique, ni l’analyse caryotypique bien que deux patients soient freres. Trois patients ont ete operes dont un jusqu’a l’âge adulte avec un resultat satisfaisant. Conclusion Les recherches bibliographiques n’ont pas permis de poser un diagnostic precis sur cette malformation qui semble etre non syndromique et a caractere familial. Notre attitude therapeutique est en faveur d’une exerese precoce de la masse adipeuse pour prevenir les deformations alaires, a associer avec un greffon cortico-spongieux, qui dans notre experience croit avec l’âge, pour soutenir la pointe.

Background Platelet-rich plasma improves engraftment after fat transfer. However, the effects of platelet dose have never been investigated. The authors used magnetic resonance imaging to compare surviving graft volumes in mice after administration of four different formulations (microfat alone, and three platelet-rich plasma-enriched microfat mixes). Methods The authors used a random, double-blinded, fat transfer protocol using three different platelet levels: 1 million (low-dose), 500 million (medium-dose), and 1000 million (high-dose) platelets/ml, and fat alone (control). The authors grafted 0.4 ml of the 70/30 platelet-rich plasma-enriched microfat mixtures (0.4 million, 200 million, and 400 million platelets per 0.12 ml for the low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose mixtures, respectively) or 0.4 ml of microfat alone into 22 nude mice and monitored surviving graft volumes every month for 3 months. Then, the authors histologically analyzed all grafts to assess neoangiogenesis status and fat integrity. Results Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging showed that the median surviving graft volumes at 3 months were 9.5 percent (interquartile range, 0 to 25 percent; p = 0.003) (high-dose), 4.1 percent (interquartile range, 0 to 18 percent; p = 0.001) (medium-dose), and 18 percent (interquartile range, 8 to 38 percent; p = 0.41) (low-dose) compared to 36 percent (interquartile range, 28 to 53 percent) for the control value. The histologic integrity of microfat-alone grafts was significantly better than those of the other grafts, although the high-dose and low-dose grafts exhibited higher levels of neoangiogenesis. Conclusion Higher platelet levels in microfat grafts were associated with poor graft survival in nude mice; a clinical review would be appropriate.

BACKGROUND The submental flap is a pedicled island flap with excellent color match for facial reconstruction. The flap can be raised with muscle, submandibular gland, or bone and can be transposed to reach defects up to two-thirds of the face. The authors report the primary author's (D.M.) experience of 25 years using the submental flap from its original description to most recent technical evolutions in both Europe and Africa. METHODS This is a retrospective study including all patients with facial defects who underwent reconstruction using a submental flap between 1991 and 2016. This study included the use of all four variations of the submental flap: platysmal, digastric, extended, and superextended. The authors report technical adaptations and complications encountered. RESULTS The authors performed 311 facial reconstructions using submental flaps: 32 platysmal, 133 digastric, 91 extended, and 45 superextended variations. In conjunction with these reconstructions, the authors performed 10 osteocutaneous submental flaps and two free flaps. The authors report two cases of total flap necrosis (0.6 percent) and 28 minor complications, including 23 cases of distal skin necrosis (7 percent), one reversible mandibular facial nerve palsy (0.3 percent), and three hematomas (1 percent). CONCLUSIONS The submental flap has proven to be a reliable flap for head and neck reconstruction. The four technical modifications described use varying amounts of soft tissue to replace tissue lost and can include vascularized bone from the mandibular margin. This flap exemplifies Gillies' principle of "replacing like with like" and should be discussed as an alternative to free tissue transfer in facial reconstruction, especially in settings where resources are limited. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, IV.

International audience; Breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi flap (LDF) is a well-known technique, but the crucial goal is to achieve a satisfying final volume restoration.Our hypothesis is that LDF reconstruction with the preservation of subfascial fat can achieve a higher volume in a one-time procedure than that achieved in a classic LDF harvest.The aim of the study was to quantify the volume resorption in LDF reconstructions with the preservation of subfascial fat. Fifteen breasts were reconstructed with a simple LDF and the remaining 15 with an LDF with the preservation of the subfascial fat between January 2016 and May 2017. Secondly, every patient underwent a lipofilling procedure. A supplemental lipofilling procedure was performed in unsatisfying cases. A Structure-Sensor camera manufactured by Occipital (R) was used. Each patient received a 3D measurement during immediate postoperative care and then after 3 and 6 months of follow-up.This study shows no difference in volume retention at follow-up between the 2 techniques. The gain of an immediate and stable fatty layer in LDF + subfascial fat technique leads to breast volume improvement in one surgical step. Breast reconstruction with LDF and subfascial fat can be defined as a reliable solution, which provides an optimal result with a reduced number of surgical interventions when compared with a simple LDF. (C) 2019 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons.

BACKGROUND Free tissue transfer is occasionally necessary during reconstruction of large scalp and calvarial bone resections. A single-stage procedure is usually performed but if a flap becomes necrotic it exposes brain tissue or the meninges. Performing a two-stage procedure, the surgeon must preserve flap vitality and manage flap complications before resecting a tumor, and therefore before exposing the brain or meninges. We report here the first series of two-stage free-flap reconstruction during major neurosurgical resection. METHODS From 2012 to 2018, nine free-flaps were performed to eight patients (61 years-old, on average). Average skull resection was 10.1 cm × 15 cm (range 6-18 cm × 9-24 cm). It was performed in all cases due to large malignant tumors. Resection/reconstruction was performed in all case in a two-step procedure: during the first step, the free-flap was harvested and anastomosed to the cranial site; during the second step, resection was performed and the flap was positioned into the defect to assure coverage. RESULTS Average flap size was 11.3 cm × 17.7 cm (range: 7-20 cm × 11-30 cm). Two flap complications occurred after the first stage and one flap did not survive. One patient died before the second stage. Seven patients had the second procedure; no flap complication occurred. All procedures ended in complete wound healing. Follow-up period was 41.5 months on average (range: 10-83 months). Final outcome was total remission for two patients, recurrence for four patients, and two patients died. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the two-stage free-flap reconstruction may be employed for major scalp and calvaria resection.

Lipofilling or fat grafting transfer is defined as a technique of filling soft tissue by autologous fat grafting. The basic principle of lipofilling is based on a harvest of adipose tissue, followed by a reinjection after treatment. Lipofilling main objective is a volume defect filling, but also improving cutaneous trophicity. Lipofilling specificities among children is mainly based on these indications. Complications of autologous fat grafting among children are the same as those in adults: we distinguish short-term complications (intraoperative and perioperative) and the medium and long-term complications. The harvesting of fat tissue is the main limiting factor of the technique, due to low percentage of body fat of children. Indications of lipofilling among children may be specific or similar to those in adults. There are two types of indications: cosmetic, in which the aim of lipofilling is correcting a defect density, acquired (iatrogenic, post-traumatic scar) or malformation (otomandibular dysplasia, craniosynostosis, Parry Romberg syndrom, Poland syndrom, pectus excavatum…). The aim of functional indications is correcting a velar insufficiency or lagophthalmos. In the paediatric sector, lipofilling has become an alternative to the conventional techniques, by its reliability, safety, reproducibility, and good results.

Resume Les malformations palpebrales de l’enfant peuvent etre isolees ou associees a des syndromes malformatifs craniofaciaux. Leur evaluation est surtout clinique, les examens complementaires sont realises pour faire le bilan des malformations craniofaciales associees. Un bilan genetique doit etre demande systematiquement en cas de lesions extrapalpebrales associees ou de malformations palpebrales complexes. Tandis que certaines malformations isolees ne necessitent qu’une simple surveillance, d’autres ont besoin d’un traitement adapte. Celui-ci devra etre realise a un âge precis. Il prend en compte la croissance de l’enfant, des structures anatomiques et les consequences de la malformation sur l’œil et la vision (degre d’urgence). Ces anomalies s’accompagnent de deux risques principaux : l’irritation corneenne par inocclusion palpebrale et l’amblyopie par obstruction de l’axe visuel, par anisometropie ou par strabisme.

Resume But de l’etude Nous presentons le cas d’une patiente presentant un syndrome de Goldenhar associe a une fistule congenitale situee au milieu du philtrum au niveau de la levre superieure. Patients et methode La patiente a ete prise en charge des sa naissance pour un syndrome de Goldenhar. Plusieurs interventions ont ete realisees dans l’enfance afin de corriger une macrostomie droite et une hypoplasie mandibulaire droite. A l’âge de 14 ans, elle beneficie d’une rhinoplastie pour corriger une malformation nasale complexe. En peroperatoire un orifice situe dans l’espace inter-incisif median superieur est decouvert. Il se prolonge par une fistule qui se dirige a travers la voute palatine anterieure en direction du rail vomerien, a la base de la cloison. Cette fistule est borgne en arriere du vomer et peut etre resequee en totalite. L’examen anatomopathologique de la piece revele un revetement malpighien. Resultats Les fistules medianes de la levre superieure sont extremement rares : moins de 30 cas reportes dans la litterature. Le trajet inhabituel de la fistule et l’apparition recente d’un syndrome hypophysaire chez cette patiente nous a fait rechercher une continuite entre celle-ci et la poche de Rathke par une imagerie de type tomodensitometrie. Conclusion L’association d’un syndrome de Goldenhar et d’une fistule congenitale mediane de la levre superieure n’a jamais encore ete decrite dans la litterature. L’association a un hypopituitarisme a fait suspecter un prolongement posterieur de la malformation, non confirme par le scanner, mais fortement presume conjointement par l’equipe de neurochirurgie et de chirurgie plastique.

International audience; Innovative therapies based on autologous adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASC) are currently being evaluated for treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Although paracrine angiogenic and antifibrotic effects are considered the predominant mechanisms of ASC therapeutic potential, the impact of SSc on ASC paracrine functions remains controversial. In this study, phenotype, senescence, differentiation potential, and molecular profile were determined in ASC from SSc patients (SSc-ASC) (n = 7) and healthy donors (HD-ASC) (n = 7). ASC were co-cultured in indirect models with dermal fibroblasts (DF) from SSc patients or endothelial cells to assess their pro-angiogenic and antifibrotic paracrine effects. The angiogenic activity of endothelial cells was measured in vitro using tube formation and spheroid assays. DF collagen and alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) content were quantified after five days of co-culture with ASC. Differentiation capacity, senescence, and mRNA profiles did not differ significantly between SSc-ASC and HD-ASC. SSc-ASC retained the ability to stimulate angiogenesis through paracrine mechanisms; however, functional assays revealed reduced potential compared to HD-ASC. DF fibrosis markers were significantly decreased after co-culture with SSc-ASC. Together, these results indicate that SSc effects do not significantly compromise the angiogenic and the antifibrotic paracrine properties of ASC, thereby supporting further development of ASC-based autologous therapies for SSc treatment.

In primary male to female (MTF) sex reassignment surgery (SRS), the most frequent postoperative functional complications using the penoscrotal skin technique remain neovaginal stenosis, urinary meatal stenosis and secondary revision surgery. We aimed to retrospectively analyze postoperative functional and anatomical complications, as well as secondary procedures required after MTF SRS by penile skin inversion. All patients operated on for MTF SRS, using the inverted technique, from June 2006 to July 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. The minimum follow-up was one year (five-years maximum follow-up). Soft postoperative dilationprotocol was prescribed until complete healing of the vagina. We did not prescribe long-term hard dilation systematically. Possible short-depth neovaginas were primarily treated with further temporary dilation using a hard bougie. Among the 189 included patients, we reported a 2.6% of rectovaginal wall perforations. In 37% of patients we had repeated compressive dressings and 15% of them required blood transfusions. Eighteen percent of patients presented with hematoma and 27% with early infectious complications. Delayed short-depth neovagina occurred in 21% of patients, requiring additional hard dilatation, with a 95.5% success rate. Total secondary vaginoplasty rate was 6.3% (4.7% skin graft and 3.7% bowel plasty). Secondary functional meatoplasty occurred in 1% of cases. Other secondary cosmetic surgery rates ranged between 3 to 20%. A low rate of secondary functional meatoplasty was showed after MTF SRS by penile skin inversion. Hard dilation was prescribed in case of healed short-depth vagina, with good efficiency in most of cases. Secondary vaginoplasty was required in cases of neovagina stenosis or persisting short-depth neovagina after failure of hard dilation protocol.

International audience; Patients with scarred vocal folds (congenitally or following phonosurgery) are currently difficult to treat and present a dysphonia, often disabling in daily life. Several therapies are available on the market but the results of these are often disappointing. The autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) is recognized as an easily accessible source of cells with angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties. We present here the case of a 43-year-old woman who had a severe dysphonia associated with scarred vocal folds after a phonosurgery and was resistant to conventional medical and surgical treatments. She received a local administration of autologous ADSVF. The protocol involved, on the same day, adipose tissue extraction, ADSVF preparation, and then local injection (0.45ml of ADSVF in each vocal fold, for a total of 12.2 million ADSVF viable cells). No serious adverse events have been described. One year following the surgery, the laryngoscopic aspect and the majority of voice parameters had improved, in particular the Voice Handicap Index decreasing from 75 to 9. The perceptual analysis found the voice to be less hoarse and more stable, without breathiness. The case of this patient highlights the therapeutic potential of ADSVF for such applications (trial registration, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02622464; registered 4 December 2015).